Vitamin D deficiency is traditionally associated with bone and muscle weakness, but in

recent years a number of studies have shown that low levels of the vitamin may
predispose the body to high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, and chronic blood
vessel inflammation (associated with hardening of the arteries). It also alters hormone
levels to increase insulin resistance, which raises the risk of diabetes.
In a review article published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology,
researchers surveyed recent studies on the link between vitamin D deficiency and heart
disease to come up with practical advice on screening and treatment. They concluded
that vitamin D deficiency is much more common than previously thought, affecting up to
half of adults and apparently healthy children in the U.S. Researchers say higher rates
of vitamin D deficiency may be due in part to people spending more time indoors and
efforts to minimize sun exposure through the use of sunscreens. Sunscreen with a sun
protection factor (SPF) of 15 blocks approximately 99% of vitamin D synthesis by the
skin.
“We are outside less than we used be, and older adults and people who are overweight
or obese are less efficient at making vitamin D in response to sunlight,” says O’Keefe.
“A little bit of sunshine is a good thing, but the use of sunscreen to guard against skin
cancer is important if you plan to be outside for more than 15 to 30 minutes of intense
sunlight exposure.”

1. The main idea of this passage is that

a. vitamin D deficiency in one’s body is the main cause of diseases.
b. Traditional vitamin D deficiency causes problems in bones and muscles.
c. Research findings show vitamin D deficiency may lead to health problems.
d. The best source of vitamin D to improve one’s health comes form sunshine.
e. The U.S. researchers say-that sunscreen can keep everyone from skin diseases.

2. Skin cancer is believed to be the effect of ….

a. chronic vitamin D deficiency.
b. excessive exposure to sunlight.
c. doing more indoor activities.
d. low levels of vitamin consumption.
e. lack of sun protection factor.

3. Paragraph preceding the text will probably discuss about…..

a. types of vitamins which are good for our health
b. the danger of insufficiency of vitamin D in humn body
c. vitamin D and its benefits to our health
d. the danger of vitamin deficiency to our health
e. the relation between skin cancer and vitamin D deficiency

4. For whom the passage is intended?

a. doctors and medical staff
b. the students of medical faculty
c. people in general
d. the minister of health
e. physicians

The use of narcotics and illegal drugs does not merely have an impact on mental and
behavioral disorders. Even worse, drugs damage the heart and can lead to death. The
effects of drugs on the heart vary, ranging from mild, severe, to death.
There are three types of drugs that cause death in the heart muscle: cocaine,
amphetamines, and ecstasy. These three types of drug substances have a similar
effect on the heart. They cause an increase in the catecholamine hormone which
makes the heart work harder. The effect of consuming it is a sudden increase in blood
pressure. As a result, the heart muscles’ demand for oxygen increases. The long-term
effect of using this type of drug can damage (tie walls of the blood vessels, both the
arteries and coronary arteries. This condition causes a tear in the blood vessel wall. In
addition, damage to the heart muscle can interfere with the heart’s pumping function
and cause heart rhythm disturbances. The heart rates can become very fast and a
cardiac arrest can happen.
Other groups of drugs that damage the heart are LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide) and
psilocybin, which causes hallucinations. The effect of these substances on the heart is
an increase in the heart rate and blood pressure though it is not as high as that caused
by cocaine or amphetamines. A rare but quite serious effect is a heart rhythm disorder
in the form of tachyarrhythmia where the heart rate increases very rapidly. The next
prohibited substance is morphine and its derivatives.
Besides LSD, there is morphine which is a strong antidote to pain, but excessive use of
this substance will lead to addiction. The higher the dose is consumed, the greater is
the effect in reducing the heart’s performance. The fatal effects comprise, among
others, shocks and cardiac arrest. Another disorder found in morphine users is
pulmonary edema, which is submerged lungs that can be fatal. The last group is
marijuana. In high doses, marijuana causes a decrease in blood pressure and heart
rate, which can lead to fatality. The most severe condition due to marijuana are cardiac
arrest and death.
(soal asli UTBK 2019)

5. What is the main idea of the passage?

a. The use of narcotics an illegal drugs and its beneficial effect on its users
b. Type of narcotics n illegal drugs
c. The danger of using drugs towards human body
d. The negative impacts of using narcotics an illegal drugs towards human heart
e. Types of drugs and their effects on our health

6. Based on the passage, the effect of using large amounts of morphine is….
a. hallucinations among the users
b. dramatic increase in heart rates
c. weakening of the hearts performance
d. trouble with the heart’s pumping function
e. decrease in blood pressure and heart rates

7. Which conclusion is the most appropriate based on the passage?

a. The higher the dose of the drug consumed, the greater the impact on the heart’s
health.
b. Taking small amounts of drugs under prescription is allowed for medical reasons
only.
c. The less drug is consumed, the healthier the condition of one’s heart.
d. Illegal drugs of the LSD type have a fatal effect on the heart’s health.
e. Not consuming drugs can maintain heart’s optimum health.

8. What is the author’ main reason in writing the passage?

a. People’s misconceptions on the use and the danger of illegal drugs towards heart
b. The limited information of the danger of illegal drugs towards our heart
c. People’s misunderstanding about the danger of illegal drugs towards our heart
d. The lack of information about the types and the use of illegal drugs
e. The controversy on the use of narcotics and illegal drugs

Smartphones, tablets and e-readers should have an automatic “bedtime mode” that
stops them disrupting people’s sleep, says a leading doctor. Professor Paul Gringras
argued the setting should filter out the blue light that delays the body clock and keeps
people awake later into the evening. The doctor, from Evelina Children’s Hospital in
London, said every new mode 5 l was “bluer and brighter”. He said manufacturers
needed to show more “responsibility”.
As it gets darker in the evening, the body starts to produce the sleep hormone
melatonin – which helps people nod off. Certain wavelengths of light, those at the blue-
green end of the spectrum, can disrupt the system.
Professor Gringras was part of a study, published in Frontiers in Public Health,
analysing the light emitted by devices. It concluded there was a clear trend for new
devices to be bigger, brighter, have higher levels of contrast and 10 emit more blue
light. The professor of children’s sleep medicine told the BBC News website: “That is
great for use in the day, but awful for use at night.
“There is converging data to say if you are in front of one of these devices at night-time
it could prevent you falling asleep by an extra hour. “He said some sleep-aware apps
had already been designed to reduce blue-green light emissions. And that a 15 bedtime
mode could automatically filter out the blue as software such as flux already does. He
said there needed to be “more responsibility from 15 manufacturers” and the “key is to
automate it” Professor Gringras added: “It is not good enough to say do less and accept
this is the world we live in, they are fun devices but we do need some protection on
what they do at night-time.” (SBMPTN asli 2016)
9. The passage mainly discusses a topic on
a. sleep disorder and its cure
b. problems with new electronic gadgets
c. electronic gadgets that help people fall asleep
d. blue-green light found in electronic devices
e. new technology that can help reduce sleep disruption

10. The word emitted in line 8 in the passage means 

a. shaded
b. triggered
c. produced
d. blocked
e. reflected

11. Who are responsible for the automation of the blue-green light that may be caused
by electronic devices, according to professor Gringras?
a. Manufacturers
b. Scientists
c. Inventors
d. Users
e. Sellers

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