Mini Project 1A Report On

SMOKING ZONE MONITORING AND ALERTING

By
Rahul Gupta
Vaibhav Gaikwad
Dhruv Mishra

Department of
Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Vidyavardhini’s College of Engineering &
Technology
University of Mumbai
2022-2023

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 Vidyavardhini’s College of Engineering
&Technology
Department of
Electronics &Telecommunication Engineering
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the following students
Rahul Gupta
Vaibhav Gaikwad
Dhruv Mishra
have submitted project synopsis entitled
SMOKING ZONE MONITORING AND ALERTING
as a part of their project-working partial fulfillment of III
semester
S.E. ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING course
during the academic year 2022-2023.

Internal Guide : Ms. Neha Gharat ( )

Internal Examiner : Ms.Neha Gharat ( )
ExternalExaminer : ( )

Dr Amrita Ruperee Dr. H. V. Vankudre

HOD, EXTC Principal, VCET
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 Acknowledgement
We would like to thank Ms. Neha Gharat. our professor-in-charge, Head
of Department, Dr Amrita Ruperee and Principal Dr. H. V. Vankudre for
their support and guidance in completing our project on the topic
SMOKING ZONE MONITORING AND ALERTING. It was a great learning
experience. I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude
to all of my teaching and non-teaching staff. The project would not have
been successful without their cooperation and inputs.

Rahul Gupta
Vaibhav
Gaikwad
Dhruv Mishra

iii
 Abstract
A smoke alarm is critical for the early detection of a fire in your home and could
mean the difference between life and death. Fires can occur in a variety of ways
and in any room of your home. But no matter where or how, having a smoke alarm
is the first key step toward your family’s safety.In this project, we are going to build a
Simple Smoke Detector Circuit without using any microcontroller.
The proposed design is aiming to have Cost efficient system, Compact design, easily
expandable, Simple to install, Replaceable components. The system was tested
indoor and outdoor with different distance and with the presence of noise. Standard
for Safety of Smoke Alarms, to measure the performance of a large number of
existing smoke alarms. The standard calls for additional fire tests with smoldering
and flaming polyurethane foam as well as a broiling hamburgers cooking nuisance
test. The research included 45 distinct smoke alarm models.

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Content
Sr. Page
no Contents no.
1. Introduction 01
2. Literature Survey 02
3. Problem Definition 03
4. Proposed Approach/Scheme 04
5. Implementation Methodology 06
6. Result and Discussion 08
7. Conclusion and Future Scope 09
8. References 10

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List of Figures
1. Literature Survey 2
2. Result 8

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Chapter 1
Introduction
Smoke Alarm Circuit is a simple circuit that detects the fire and activates
the Siren Sound or Buzzer. Smoke Alarm Circuits are very important
devices to detect fire in the right time and prevent any damage to people
or property. Smoke Alarm Circuits and Smoke Sensors are a part of the
security systems which help in detecting or preventing damage. Installing
smoke Alarm Systems and Smoke Sensors in commercial buildings like
offices, movie theatres, shopping malls and other public places is
compulsory. This is a very simple alarm circuit. We used a Buzzer. The
primary purpose of fire alarm system is to provide an early warning of fire
so that people can be. evacuated & immediate action can be taken to stop
or eliminate of the fire effect as soon as possible. Alarm can be. triggered
by using detectors or by manual call point (Remotely). According to Smoke
detector has been reviewed as a fundamental component of active fire
detection strategy of modern commercial and residential building. In the
1970’s, industries recorded increased use of smoke detectors and these
growth wasaccompanied by several significant research projects that
reinforced the life safety protection provided by smoke detectors[1],
thereby providing significant evidence that supported increase in use of
smoke detectors. Smoke can be detected either optically (photoelectric) or
by physical process(ionization). Detectors may use either or both
methods[2]. Smoke detectors have prior detection when compared with
heat detectors, hence are preferred for fire detection. They also find
application in detecting, and thus deter smoking in premises where it is
banned [3] .This feature makes this circuit more efficient to use in public
places.

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Chapter 2
Literature Survey
Z. H. Che Soh, M. A. B. Mohd Daud, M. H. b. Abdullah, M. S. Mohamad Sarudin, R. B.
Darus and K. Daud/ pp. 1-4, 2021/ IEEE [1]
To help authorities enforce the law of no smoking in public area especially in non-
smoking zones. Cigarette Smoke Detection System and Alert was developed to help
authorities enforce the law of no smoking in public area especially in non-smoking
zone such as restaurants, offices, and others. Based on studies conducted by
professionals, cigarette smoke is more dangerous when inhaled by individuals who
do not smoke. It affects the health of people and lead to many diseases such as
coronary heart diseases, respiratory infections, asthma attacks, and others. Hence,
this system is implemented to monitor the activity of smoking among smokers in the
non-smoking zone.
M.F. A. Mohanietal/ pp. 1-9, 2021/ Instrument of Electrical And Electronics Engineering
[2]
The system used a low power mode to minimize the power consumption at the
nodes.
The A smoke detector is a device that senses smoke typically as an indicator of fire
or non smoking zone .In order to ensure human safety and safeguard property
against
fire in both domestic and commercial settings, different solutions for smoke
detection
have been developed.
Yibing Ma, Xuetao Feng, Jile Jiao, Zhongdong Peng, Shenger Qian, Hui Xue & Hua Li/
Sprinjer [3]
A smart Smoke fire alarm system used in kitchen as a representative scenario.The
controlled part in this study are stove and LPG’s lid. Data received by the
temperature sensor, smoke sensor and human sensor will be sent to the server, so
the user can acces from yheir smartphone. If the condition is dangerous, a warning
will be given to the user’s smartphone, and the user can control stove and LPG’s lid
through the application on their smartphone.The results show that the system
managed to anticipate early on from fires.

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Chapter 3
Problem Definition
Safety is a crucial consideration in design of residential and commercial buildings in
order to safeguard against loss of life and damage to property. Fire is a key element
in safety considerations. This project therefore seeks to design a microcontroller
based smoke alarm that will continuously monitor the presence of significant
amount of smoke and activate an alarm to prompt a safety measure to contain the
situation. When it come to Fire safety , it's best to have a smoke detector in every
bedroom and hall way, as well as on every floor in our home . with so many smoke
detector, we can rest assured our home is protected from the unthinkable. Smoke
detector is one of the easiest and low costly .Most of industries use it, because it
work fatly to protect and most effective.
This system can be of great in domestic as well as industrial settings to detect
smoke and alert people on an impending fire since smoke is a precursor for fire,
instead of relying on heat/temperature sensors which sounds alarm when the fire
has already started. This can go a long way in helping to save human life. This
system can also be used to detect and deter smokers in areas where smoking is
prohibited.

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Chapter 4
Proposed Approach/Scheme
No smoking zones are meant to ensure smoke free areas which promote good
health and well being. Especially in public places no smoking zones ensure smoke
free environment for people and children. But it is not feasible to manually monitor
these zones to ensure a smoke free environment and an automated system is
required to ensure this.
Here we propose a fully automated smoking zone alerting monitoring system to
sound an alarm in case a smoker is detected in a smoking zone. The system uses a
combination of smoke sensing with 555 timer IC circuitry to ensure this purpose.
In this project, we have used transistor operating properties to work this circuit as a
smoke detector. As we already know that we have used a BC547 NPN transistor
which will turn on whenever it gets least 0.70v at its base terminal. So we have
applied a Voltage Divider Circuit at its base. But before using this circuit, we need to
calibrate it by using pot. In calibration, we have applied voltage just below than
0.70v at transistor base. Whenever smoke sensor senses smoke, it reduces its
resistance and due to this decrease in resistance, voltage across the base of the
transistor increases.
Now when the voltage at the base terminal of transistor become more than or equal
to 0.70v then transistor turns on and LED lights up and buzzer also starts beeping.
And when there is no Smoke, both the indication components turns off as the
voltage across base terminal of transistor goes below the 0.70v.

Following fig 4.1 shows the flowchart of Smoking Zone Monitoring and Alerting

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Chapter 5
Implementation Methodology
The circuit has the MQ6 smoke, also known as the Gas sensor gadget, used for
smoke or fire
detecting in the air. The transistor, i.e., BC547 NPN, is used for the buzzer or alarm
trigger. The 10K potentiometer is used for the calibration of the circuit. In contrast,
the circuit is designed to have a voltage divider circuit being used with the MQ6
smoke sensor and the potentiometer. The value of the MQ6 is changing whenever it
senses smoke as it has a resistance. The transistor operating properties are being
used to work in the circuit of the smoke detection. The NPN BC 547 transistor is
being used, which is turned ON only at 0.7V at its base, and the topology being used
in the circuit is voltage divider biased. The potentiometer is being used for
calibration purposes. Whenever voltage is applied at the base terminal, which is less
or greater than the 0.7V, which would turn ON the transistor, the smoke sensor
would sense the smoke and reduce the device’s resistance, i.e., MQ6 smoke detector.
Due to this decrease in the resistance,the voltage across the base of the BC547 is
increased to 0.7V.
This, in turn, makes the transistor ON and LED lights up, and the buzzer is triggered
to start beeping. When the smoke has vanished,the detector is made OFF, and the
voltage across the base of the transistor is reduced to a value below 0.7

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Circuit Diagram

Fig. 1 Block Diagram Of Smoking Zone Monitoring Alertig

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Requirement of Hardware.
1. Transistor (BC547)
A transistor is a device which has three terminals labelled as base, collector and emitter. It is a
solid state electronic device that has many functions such as being a switch, amplifier, voltage
stabiliser and signal modulator. Transistors are made by joining the n-type semiconductors and
p-type semiconductors together.
2. Breadboard
A breadboard, solderless breadboard, or protoboard is a construction base used to build semi-
permanent prototypes of electronic circuits. Unlike a perfboard or stripboard, breadboards do
not require soldering or destruction of tracks and are hence reusable.
3. Smoke Sensor (MQ2/MQ6)
The smoke detectors are of great use when in need to detect any smoke. The smoke may either
be in case of fire or the smoke coming from cigarettes inside a building which may cause a fire.
Smoke detectors are the basic precautionary measures in every building, either under
construction or fully constructed.
4. 1K Resistor
The 1k resistor is a pull-down resistor. Not the weakest one of that, but that's okay. It is meant to
pull the base of the transistor to a known state (ground) when the control signal is
missing/open/high input.
5. 10K Potentiometer
The LCD uses a 10K potentiometer (POT) to change the brightness. To control the brightness of
the backlight we can use the third pin (contrast) of 16×2 LCD by rotating the potentiometer knob
in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction. The first pin of LCD is ground and the second pin is the
VCC (5V).
6. 9V Power Supply
Most common uses of 9V batteries include its usage in smoke alarms, walkie talkies,radio
controls, flashlights etc. But these are the uses when you have a battery inside a gadget that
has the place to insert the battery and run the instruments.
7. LED (red)
LEDs find applications in various fields, including optical communication, alarm and security
systems, remote-controlled operations, robotics, etc. It finds usage in many areas because of its
long-lasting capability, low power requirements, swift response time, and fast switching
capabilities.
8. Buzzer
It is a electrical device that makes a buzzing noise and is used for signalling. It is integrated
with many electrical and electronic appliances such as printers,inverters, gaming devices.
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Chapter 6
Result & Discussion
Project implemented successfully and derived all the required outputs from the
circuit. Smoke detector alarm is working successfully, 555 timer IC breaks the
circuit after 5 seconds of object detection. We also try to implement a circuit that
will automatically off the device which will help us to save power. This feature
makes this device compatible to working in public places.

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Chapter 7
Conclusion and Future scope
When it come to Fire safety, it's best to have a smoke detector in every bedroom
and hall way, as well as on every floor in our home . with so many smoke detector
,we can rest assured our home is protected from the unthinkable. Smoke detector is
one of the easiest and low costly. Most of industries use it, because it work fatly to
protect and most effective.
This system can be of great in domestic as well as industrial settings to detect
smoke and alert people on an impending fire since smoke is a precursor for fire,
instead of relying on heat/temperature sensors which sounds alarm when the fire
has already started. This can go a long way in helping to save human life. This
system can also be used to detect and deter smokers in areas where smoking is
prohibited .The cost of implementing this system is relatively low since the
components used are relatively cheap and are easily available in the market.

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References
[1] Z. H. Che Soh, M. A. B. Mohd Daud, M. H. b. Abdullah, M. S. Mohamad
Sarudin, R. B. Darus and K. Daud/ pp. 1-4, 2021/ IEEE
[2] M. F. A. Mohanietal/ pp. 1-9, 2021/ IEEE Transactions On Circuits and
System I- Regular Papers / https://www.ieee.org
[3] Yibing Ma, Xuetao Feng, Jile Jiao, Zhongdong Peng, Shenger Qian, Hui Xue
& Hua Li/ June 2020 Sprinjer https://link.springer.com
[4] Chen, Thou-Ho, et al.The smoke detection for early fire-alarming system
based on video processing, in Proceedings of International Conference on
Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia, 2006.
[5] "SMOKE ALARM SAFETY TIPS". Safety Information. National Fire Protection
Association. Archived from the original on 2009-08-21. Retrieved 2009-05-17.
[6] Z. H. Che Soh, M. A. B. Mohd Daud, M. H. b. Abdullah, M. S. Mohamad
Sarudin, R. B. Darus and K. Daud, "Smart Cigarettes Smoke Detection System
and Alert," 2021 6th IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances and
Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE), 2021, pp. 1-4, doi:
10.1109/ICRAIE52900.2021.9704034.
[7] Q. Wu et al., “Intelligent Smoke Alarm System with Wireless Sensor
Network Using ZigBee,” Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput., vol. 2018, no. 2,2018.
[8] Stitt J.P., Kozlowski L.T. A System for Automatic Quantification of Cigarette
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IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society; Honolulu, HI, USA. 17–21
July 2006; pp. 4771–4774. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
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10.30534/ijatcse/2020/7991.12020.
[10] P. Morerio, L. Marcenaro, C. S. Regazzoni, and G. Gera, “Early fire and
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1041–1044.
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