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Linear DE
of order n
and an sexy a Cx a
y t y Ny Glx
IVP nth order DE
prescribe yixo y exo Y Xo
m Ies y o
The general sol'm of a nth order homogeneous DE
4
next
y y t a t ask y a x y
an o
id C
Y lx Czyz x t Cnynfx
y x
where ya ya yn are linearly independent solution
and er er an arbitrary constants
tow to check that Doe'm are lin independent
Y 42 Ya
Let called the
wax E Y's y
Wronakian
y yi y nan
determinant
solutions ya Ya a
yn are lin indep on an
Ex Consider y 2y ty O
Y 42 Y L e xox
Wix
Gt y y t o e extxex
Yi y y O e Zextxe
cofactor expansion down the first column
th ex extxe
C 1 c to to
ex zexixe
Ze Xx get_xeF e 0 XER
mi
i i
ai i 1,2 n ane constants
roots met
multiplicity is s
m 2
multiplicity is 3
Mitt o W 1 m ti
met mi en mi i i
152 ÉEs
M
m innit p
9 0 113 1
7 It item it eoxcosca x examiners x cost minx
n
É
general soon
c e t czextezxextcyxextcscosxtcgminxtczxcosxtcgXD.int
from me 1 gm.se t
emntromm
note the no of c's in not'm must always
the order of the DE
equal
Ex Solve o
y y
m3 1 0 7 M 1 mhm 17 0
M 1 0 m I
met men to
4
me
11112 121 Bei a k 13
1
gen soe'm
y get get cos Bax as ÉÉinBx