IK Guixal Ponjab Technica Univesit dhlandho, kopusdhola

hhawe She fos OBE Nov-202

Dade o Examination: |3-Ol- 2022

Roll Jombe 902051 M. Code: 8 3 2 2

Subsec Name: SoAtwau Engnesing
Subject Code BTCS So3-18 SemA3te
5h

Couse: B.Tech. Branch Compuiek Science L EaintaxiacSE)

Declaration ot Stodest

hesctby declas that

Dishamt Sani Slo Kul vin Siah
msuwe 3heet will mot U8E omY f h e peson(s),
while oattemptina
inciminading madeial or involve in omy woong ocurt TBoch
ewaluator then my cose should be tarttd a& UMC.
adivit apored y
2. T I oond Shasing the qustion papese (S) /A nsuwes sheet on digral

mediaa wth omy then pecson mg oTqamí zoti on 1nstítuian them

sho uld be totated Ondet OMC.

3. T omy homge /oddiHiom /modifícochion howe been oond fn my ongínal

SCamned opy omsuoe 3heet them my oiginal

Cmgwet sheat om
unde OMC.
sheet 3hould al3o be Coved
CUnswEL

H. T homd wgitirg Agwe heet dues oom my homduwiing

heer shouRd olao Jbe COvesad ondie OM C.
OnAnal Omswes
them m
Baini
SighatuR Studant

fosmation s taue a n
I hea by also de lared h a t obove menioned

CoTrectto dthe best y Knowledge. Haini

SignechuR Studot

PogeNo. I/19
Ahsuuec (a): So toa@ tnginearina focug es diacoveu
oluton to
Gating, amd a duisning a rachcal
i tme
a pooblem wi th 8y8 dem. So tuwal epAneapd na
poDach to the develep meit, p e a i )
89stnatic

md
tivememt oSotoo,
madntem am Ce

Thege
o o n domem tal
SoK t u n EngineesingPao blen

tha Se toov gtnoingfa cis

paoblems

ooblem S c a : Afumda m-mtaul rob lem e tuoo

)
oa
engíneing. s hhe
e &obl em e&calo deueloponent
vesy ditfeset 4eomethods
veyage 3 stem
othe oods,
Small 8y8tm.
Compaued to dwelopin
0s deueloping 8mall3y8tm
sed
me methodk hot

to asge88TEm8. ieent
ene roe do hot 8cale
mehodshas
sed o r daueloping
3e
jnuolves t h e we
8 tuoce hny ase ps jec
Qoge mall puedr
mamoememt. m

echnoloS emd Poofect

emd mamage, memt Com
dewelbmemt
omal
methods
or
both h awe to be
be sed o weve, foo o g e p oje T
much mDoe fomal.

omd 9uaityThe Cot avelepins cq

(11) Co8t S chedu

he sow ceg sed o t h e

the Cast o
CuRthe
which n the Cose o eftuwcwu
Om d he othe 8upat
mCmpouwe h o d woLe Sotwou
Cempontnt
OWLces emescal h e mam P o w e

age No.: 2/19

PoC.dewtnovmt ) as otwoce douelep meth ogel oUor
OU
ntemsive aomd the eSt o Ane lemp uting8y8temd
Om mbovtomt Cto n mom
quiteow S chediule

0ne the mafor qcto8 doiv my pbe

PrjecES.
we CAm v i e q uaity 3tu0
dis ipline. a qualtty
ellmemsim
Pao du opeaion,
note
Pabduc 03 hawihe
P e t31on.
oDduct Tatns ition, o b duuct
Low
The ooblem o ConS tene Tho ugh high ualit,
CR pbima bbjechve
CoS Amd &mal yclTime

Om Doemí 2oatim t h e e J B mbThit

Poject f
Am gemi Zotion n Uolved Un Stuoo
Roal Consis emc
not Ugt Uwamt
engine0ingdevelobhment does

uwamts these
and hish ualty o a oectbutt it

Cas istemt

TT dikescant oth e eginesd nA P oblems. T

VS. nescal noudledge.
J8 mastle pe alizai on
aoout
somt ach Mou omythina
S e tuwol mgine0sdr
h mosT
mechamilal civil o n dugtoial emgineoinf

Coses,1 oo nt euem Jnclude igi tol.Ciruut design,

some cumount
Mo8t Othe emean-esdYe olig ciplines s0qire
C Cokdiscipllne Ceusewoak. but
sE prety
muchUsolated 8OYm the emginedrg ields
age Na: 3/19
 the umdomentel uLagon J that tuoor J ne cmly

thod exlats in a totoDyosifs

ekd engineLirn
Qsctfical emvisoment.Sof tuwo engineúrá hbw ewer

js almost exclusivel abo u t Lgnstsuts waHd bby

people omd Js w ual Umet toug h t in oume

uworld.
imitatioms imbosed by the phgticol

6) Both the waterall mddel and h e poutotyping

del.
modek be accom pl1g hed j n the spíral pat CR3 mo

wohen he
model J s idsall ed
The wadenfal
Jn
s Lew rulting
ui K ún the speikie otion

m e e 3 wuR
ais K uiolutim
noneed A
baged aHHe
dramt
n hg Cose
cose the 3etend quar
The p autotybîn
spirak model ane kipped.
he

model J sdea sed when Hhe to shecification

i 8 k sisoludtion
phase Js as Omd the Peto tyPing Od

J3 quie hígh,
model Cam be obliged án pavtotyP
The piral
Omd uoottnhall shouo. + a modu m 1teahive

po coduc o pap-to typin md wethesmooe m

eRiient ua to deo uith taphmg CO on

fage No, /19

 LAooclcohaloli&pla
The Spiye model tfbes he uut 0 poi
The piye

aduomcR to tofe CaLe

clients n each
tment o cltevtts r
vel tape h Com
modal.
S to8e
Sfoge0s fn Pototyplna

The Poototyplng Me del A a m e workS, impsovemet

h which amode s aSRembled tofed amd

tech mlquue
madifie d wnhk tme point
hat as impoy-tamt
He
model i8 ot Jong ast accomplighed
tha m adeqLate

tem
tem would noo
6obmuohich the etise OmeworK OT

be oble be cRated.
o
model tenati ve PaDCeRS
So Spioul mode ig a

appaDach t o 8alve
otbtyping Omd aluo a 8 48Hematic

wnoda
o in wateeall
potb lem

sesde& Ste to &olue

tape PoDblem

Pooblem as inh ooctealR Cmdtape the

a

Coti budhion Customers un each phase

as An paoto ty ping model.

So both th cerleulN odel a t h e S o twaxe poCoRS

Omd Umodal be ac6omplehed n the

& pisal procus mbdel.
age No.: 5/19
frsuwesc:5: Sx Sigma
omd
Six SismaSs he povc3 o6podu dína hígh

This dre Jn too

Jm pob ved quarty out put Cam

ases- idevthicactm amd eliminocion Th

COWeob
defects J tdeni fed md 0p þro þíade imiroi on

Wauu oti o n ún whole PoDCL3eg.

done ohich duces
7
meTho d J3 Cne in ohích 49 19166
ASix sigma
hane the Some
all he PoDdu cte to be oDdced

eadueg Omd s aom doecte.

Lowe aeuficatiom imít oppe Speuficahio
Meen imit

99-996 7.

Defect foc

24 delectg fte
3H doeds million
P milliom

S - 3 -2 1 O -1 2-34-5-6
-

Six Sigma Cwwe

Six sigma s CL et o methode -evmad tod b o s

jmpsovement.oo t i3 the pao cess impaoUi

he quou 6 he outut uby dem ti GHma

age No.:6//1
Omd elimin ating he Caw da ects ndeduco aría-
busíness paD CL3g e .
Bilit mam nuactusdna amd

Chaecters tícs a Six Sigma:

Stoctis ti cal Quaita Comtaro
Methodical AppooaCh

fact amd Oata Baged Ppooach

oect Omd obfectve Based focus

Custome focs

Teo ooa FPpsdach to Quali t Momge memt

Metho dalosie Dmd

Core &tepg
STX Sigma
arce
ged in 6the Six Sigm
TwO metho dokogie9

OMAIC md DMADV.

a dotoa -daivem auaulTA STotdg

DMAIC T peufíes
ged
Ths memodol ogy i s
or umpouing
exishimg bunegg aDeI3
emhancl

Sep
mappimg md flo-
T Coves he paD COB
(9Deine
chostingPo
fect chost developmemt padb lem -3blvine

too3, amd So-Caled -M oalg.

(b Meaguse T ncluds he paind ples a meas

emeit
Omd &cakes
CotinuLDUS Omd discste data
age No. 7/11
 meas utewt, am ovee.ufeuo the poincfple o{ Vdcdiod
eatubi l t and cotdu ci bi lita (RR) studiesor

Cotti nuDus md dis coe t dacta.

baseline, houw
c) fhalyae: ttcovexs estblishing a pabcess

dtetmine poD cesJmpaovememt8eal kmoulede

dota
daoupthve omd exploautoy
das ceve incEuding
Ovaysi Om d dota mining tools, the basic Poínciple
Cartoo
Ca padcetsCortod. (SPC)&ped ali zed
StHisi
c hokt, poocus Caabi lit omalysi Cogoelacfion omd

and
siom malysix analysis categoaicak data,
mon- Pastametoic Stehsti cal method8.

venape.memt, &i8K agessmori

(d) mpoove Tt Covexs poject
emt8 (DOE),
poD cusB simulaton
omd desgn expesúm
12ediom.
o bust design Concops omd Pad ce83 optim

Steb ax Sma
(e) tarn: The fma phase o
-tep and a
amd Lg8 mas imbootant
metmodo loS8
oun
v U m me
me
luwu t b devise a Contoul plam m g ht
oui
m im þxbvi me ojgina
emtre cftostspent
sDCRL. Duuu thu steb, uo need to olocUment

leuise md dep loy he

he
fhe n 8ed poo cess-es
the
plam Omod t-emferr Enodledge o6
aqeNo.: 8/11
 O ne md the e o m

Covekes a usOntooll plamning SPCAogopexatiord

Covtob amd PR6 -

Camtrn.

2) DMADV T Jpedhles data-chrí vem quality 3taa

dsi gning obcduct amd PaD CLIS Th method

Mew poddu designs o Poo s s ds igr
used to eoate

n 8ach away thott t&esulS án a mose pat ditab le,

matwd md detect ote Pekosmmcme.

Stebg
fhe obb lem paofect goal trot
a) Deine t doines
needsto be adda8ed.
omd deemineg theu8tomet
b)Meos Ymeo WWK

mends oamd 8Eecikicodtíow.

cto me@t CStomet
(C) Avaly2e T om aly2e he poois
needs

d Design T Com das ign P

thad wil)

mee Cstome ned3.

e)vesbu tt ComVeu th desgn peoomomct

C s t o mneRd&.
e
and abilit to meet

ope N.: 9/ 19
Hhewer 3 Coubling
Couplina Jthe meas COe
degace o i n t e deben dene

the
me m Ddulis. Two m o dules ho o ig rtly
betweem

Coubled ae tote leemdent On t h ethen Howeue

ae oo8e Coupled anu nat doendo

two modules hat

Ohe each Othe A 800d Col o i l h a v e

Be3t
Coupling
Dodta coopliry f
Te o Coubline:
Stom
Dauta Louplin T tme depem doncy betweom CotooR

m the fact that Exeena

the odulg based
Cemmom

The i code y pasig only data,

Contemt
saúd tu be data wosT
ne the mo dulg at

Coupled.

dodta 8toructut
.Sfommptoupli Dn Stomp Coup ling me Complete
Ome modul to mothe moduulLe.
3 pa4ed 0m

CantoR Couplme the modules demmunilaR by

Q R & a id
passi Lontall infomotiom hem the
they
Con so oubled.

Eceuna Coupling: Tn ex teenal Loublin8 me m odulos

me othe modlU eyemal to the 8oftwwu

dobemo m

ope No.i 10/19

 fo a
being dovele ped os
poctiCulan tpeo hascuoal.

Common Coui The moduus hawe gheed dode such 0

glo bat dota Stouctww The & Choge n plobol dod mean
nodulusushich a c e h a t dato,
toan Jback t all

Contett Couplie: Tm Contemt Cuplin1ne module om

modijy the data o Onothe Coythorn floro

i3 passed oom ne module o the module

Cohe8
Cohesin: Cohes tom e meaguHL o me doee

to ohich the omem t ek he moduile a

related Tig me to which all

functiomoll egrt

elemerths diseced tous0rds perfosming a8ine osk

Ose LaYTttU ned M the Conmboremt. Basi c o l l , Coheg l ow id

he ntemak R a keabsthe modal ocene.

A good So tusont daslgn uotll have Ceh eslom
high.Coh eslon.

THbes:
fumctiom
fun cti omalEvea esential alememt o
tuom
8mgte Lomputation J Covtened in CammuniCodio
Psocedural
he Lmponent. fmctioa Cohesion Tempoatal
Pehom no ta8K amd functioms. Logi cal

Seguential hm elemeri oudpuds Some Coin demh

dota yhoc be Com me input oo other omonPage No.. I\/19
 Commumlcathonak Tw0 Comomt PpesLate. n the &ame Jnput

Canto b ute he 8ome outpu dcta.

dadaa or

ohesion lmgun the

at Cedustak élemets P D LedusLal

b rdo execution.

elated tndr iming i'nvolve. A module

Temposa ba
loheslom a the Tos g must be
Comnecttd with +emOS l

exe ute d nthe Sanne me pom.

Losi cal Th eloments oUR

Aogi ca elott d te

Om dd met funchim o l l y E x A Camponent uadg

in pud om tepe dig k omd hetuoorK,

Coincidoteul Coheslom haye mo Comn ptuaS

The elaments

salatiomshib tne tham ocatiom un sdULCR Code.

accidomtal Omd the o Cohesim.

Relatiom. o Couplig emd PaePoartabilít
ouplin petaung t o the dee&ee owhlch a modle

t a t e d Comnected Tb otmet Me dulls n a Hem

onile Stuwcu Poxtaeility efesusto the gcubility

8oTwas n eromt emvidmen

The ou ulaRd becouuse O 43tem eedd fo be

andepen demt Couplime meed to@madn ow, whe

8etwa poatabi lity Js high e Canse the

foeWoi:12/I9
 dobem d& n73
abilit ytemn O pefpom
amd e c H u e nesg.
8 ubtainawbi l t

Example
wO w d be &tud findo. This ús
tm exomple

hamdheld dee co hat has bui lt inensoy

8ystem hat 13 u8ed Jo detect 8tud& Jn dfext

wall SwacCes,
has ou ovpling becouse it
he Stud in d e
lou MUm b e t C modulWs
Comnected

w oo K n mutiple
nd he me technalcS Cam

em vi&Om memt.

h8we F: twane equigermment pe sficaction (SRS):

specißicatiom (SRS) foamoct ed

equrmemt
Sohtuoou
onnd
ComplerR speciiCotion
ame uggeA t
BoftuCl
har meecls
dosiption od squistmasts o
lled o &ucesgfuul deneloprment
to be Aulyi
Ouememts
Com be
ae sslem. Thue
o otuo
fageNo.:13/4
Onctiom.cul n ovfunHen 4openin
tyhe gument. TheAn oradior hebuoun dHsA
nd ConhontorJ den e beca JAs e u p
CustomUs

f w Undu8 tomd ads utomi beerdi

.pomAntogmahongatheud afoiroaian V

doveloped which dsod bes uguionntrnts of ftoard

that ayincude homges omd medificoiary r

3 needad tD be done o úncAD qualrt rasd

amd o s0disa udtome g domand,

h e po0ductiom quustmt t g othe Aof, tuoae

RoqigtmunY Spealfiwio
doweloprent pD CLS U3 Sotuwau
The SRS Js a sþeikicadion os 8 peußic otusor
e o opplicotions trad potoom
Podduc

Poticula fumcti cm un q 3pecißlc emVi sun ment,

tdvomtaes e S R S :

ed to eng wn me
1 Coboecha 0e Uieuw 3

qultmemt38tod-ed n the SRS

Co DscChmoS3

Stucted: A well -8touctuwud SRS document

2
J8 oSy tD undustomd Omd modiby
Lohat
3 BlaCk -Box Uiew SRS hewld nlypet
fogeNo: /19
m ys+em She d md AA8 tori ct aorm AteAcdtirX how

o do.

Conceptual integoit (amceptual üntgsita in SRS tep

asi Undostomed ft.

helps thALade to

5 Tao Ceable TotCabllitu eoS J Cam ellwhich

Co de t LOd D hích des,gm Campomon

ohlch est Cose Codoespmds o ohich eqquatmorttzdc.

6) veAiable: Al squurennemts t h ystem ae

veiioble.

a) SAS Cstablla hes t h i basis o emet

he supplie m oat
betuuem U l tm am d

h e oktwo P D duct l eApom.

fm SRS Psovi des or voali dahim o

8)
thefinol pD duch /Sotuoa

SRS g a aquisite o high-

a A hlgh quality
qhality PoDduct /Soktwd.

1o)A high qualit SRS ulducS he

doveXopment Cost

Page No.: 15/ j9

SRSSRS s AeblacK box speúfí catíon

ten J Lovaí desud

a8stem Sinct he
Antenal dooill auu
box Lohose
as black
Mot kown md On ts v L3ible extegoral

behavfow docum e d.
Ci.e. tnput /output)
nelds o be
SRS documen Com CO toates

dame md Casu w awoids solcion aseCDS,

SRS document J3 Comtaa momg me uelspmen

Ovmd he us tom The sRS doCmemt

eam
3 hould vieo he m o be develobed

black d houd Specifa he

a3 boX m

extemak Neible bhawiow the 83tem

the SAS docum emt ds alko

Colled the black -box 8peifi cation

a 2gtem,

age Na:16/19
 MOlated Lgnopt
hswe 2: 8uality Om d eliabi t o

but easenthally diewnt n momy Dugs. 2uality

On tne tuaks COmoYnomce o eK pliut

md im plícit Lequitmemy Riabilitu ocuuy om

the ability &etuoaul Ao ontim Coorctl as

ime Ome thet qhathit

a onch m a
that Com not he
Rliabilit js a qualty

meased with b&dlute utainty , but mquú d

Stactisti cal emd P odhao lstic methods o i

measulmun3 T t Com Cemed wth og wuR

me vDb abilit OCCwUWmR a lwus. Relab1l

swed y evaluatir ha o g m alluere

as well a s 4 e r ty essors induad dby

he
Sotuocu-e quality is

J utmabs Dhich ehe explídf 3uch

os wabilh Lo implicit A uch Cus ntero perabi li

8 u a l dnvolves a num ber a t o r uch aag

Coaaetms tum Potobilit, inferopesalbili

fage No, 1t/19
amd maimtain aoí l i t apat abm l i a b i lity

hoo well om obiect seel pefoms

uali t shows

h i le aliabil1t4 how S how

ts 03Dþer unctio

Usele his bject maimtauns its6iginokosel o

thoough vCUuos ondiHong.
quality Ove Tme

that PoOSoemd Coarect

ys,T+ i poible
but + 18 mot liable. A pooSac ma poduc
q lot
LesoeCt Omg w e
9vem valid únputa) but
tme
apainst bad data
houwe to heck
he time
mdeined
O bod ophm ohich might undu

n the Lemputation e pat o

behawíbw

Cooect t behawes acoT

tonSom
o it tettd unuti omak
3pecicodiam L

emg w the
J3 Lo ect i t d o emot
oDOomm

mon 6 CCVmC a koilwd Thus h

SODO mot seu oa

Coseqnco o tubauu

eLoiable.
in Cosatt So tweu ma be

rageNe,: 18/19
 T s mot ne
cesgas hor

would yh bit good quait

CeeCt but he
Exomble maA
uch thot tdoe mott ugbfiet
mag be
Utili z he ste
As a JuelulF , the qualit o the PoDduct
As O

ma not be oo 8Ood good qualit popsgoom

3ho uld utllze the sy8ttm uso kiuentl

he 6tput hould be psddiucad in c
nd

yninimUm poIble tim Ageod quakT ctoau

delivesd d m
ime md oith in budget
m ust

Ovnd hould be maintinable.

SD
Cam

the psuon 1. be Correct Jouut do not exhibit

e

200d qualry

TageNa: 9/19