MODULE 1

INTRODUCTION
 MISSION
Animated by the gospel and guided by the teachings of the Church, it helps to uplift the quality of life
and to effect social transformation through:
 Quality, Catholic, Paulinian formation, academic excellence, research, and community service.
 Optimum access to Paulinian education and service in an atmosphere of compassionate caring;
and
 Responsive and innovative management processes.

REPUBLIC ACT 7722 – Higher Education Act of 1994

 Republic Act 7722 is the act creating the Commission on Higher Education which covers both the
public and private institutions of higher education as well as degree-granting programs in all post-
secondary educational institutions, be it public or private.
 One of the powers and functions of this act which is in line with the goal of National Service Training
Program (NSTP) is to identify, support and develop potential centers of excellence in program areas
needed for the development of world-class scholarship, nation building and national development.

THE NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM (R.A 9163)

What is the legal basis of the National Service Training Program (NSTP)?
 The National Service Training Program (NSTP) Law or RA 9163 also known as “An Act Establishing
the National Service Training Program (NSTP) for tertiary level students, amending for the purpose
Republic Act No. 7077 and Presidential Decree No. 1706, and for other purposes” was enacted last
January 2002 to amend the Expanded ROTC.

What are the components of the NSTP?

A. Reserve Officer’s Training Corps (ROTC)
 Refers to the program component, institutionalized under Section 38 and 39 of Republic Act No.
7077, designed to provide military training to motivate, train organize and mobilized them for
the national defense preparedness.
B. Civil Welfare Training Service (CWTS)
 Refers to the program component or activities contributory to the general welfare and the
betterment of life for the members of the community or the enhancement its facilities, especially
those devoted to improving health, education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation
and moral of the citizenry and other social welfare services.
The NSTP-CWTS Dimensions of Development
S – afety and Security
E – ducation
R – ecreation
V – alues Formation and Moral Recovery
I – ndustry and Entrepreneurship
C – are for Health
E – nvironment
C. Literacy Training Service (LTS)
 Refers to the program component designed to train the students to teach literacy and numeracy
skills to school children, out-of-school youth and other segments of society in need of their
services.

Who are covered by the NSTP LAW?

 All incoming freshmen students, male, female, starting school year (SY) 2002-2003, enrolled in any
baccalaureate and in at least two (2) year technical-vocational or associate courses, are required to
complete one (1) NSTP component of their choice, as a graduation requirement.
What is NSTP-ONE Summer Program (NSTP-OSP)?
 NSTP-OSP is created under RA 9163 or the NSTP Act of 2001, especially Section 6 and jointly devised,
formulated and adopted by DND, CHED, and TESDA.
 NSTP-OSP is established for the three (3) components: ROTC, CWTS and LTS.
What is the National Service Reserve Corps (NSRC)?
 NSRC is created under Section 11 of RA 9163 or the NSTP Act of 2001, composed of graduates of the
non-ROTC components: the CWTS and LTS. Members of this corps maybe trapped by the State for
literacy and civic welfare activities, through the joint efforts of DND, CHED and TESDA.

MODULE 2
What is constitution?
 Constitution is that written instrument by which the fundamental powers of the government are
established, limited, and defined and by which these powers are distributed among the several
departments or branches for their safe and useful exercise for the benefit of the people.
NATURE and PURPOSES
1. Serves as the supreme or fundamental law. It is binding on all individual citizens and all organs of the
government. It is the law to which all other laws must conform and in accordance with which all
private rights must be determined and all public authority administered.
2. Established basic framework and underlying principles of government. It prescribes the permanent
framework of the system of government and to assign to the different department or branches,
their respective powers and duties, and to establish certain basic principles on which the
government is founded.
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
 Body of law derived from country’s written constitution. It lays down and guides the duties and
powers of the government, and the duties and rights of its citizens and residents.
Kinds of Constitution
 As to their origin and history
a. Conventional or enacted
b. Cumulative or evolve
 As to their form
a. Written
b. Unwritten
 As to manner of amending them
a. Rigid or inelastic
b. Flexible or elastic
Advantage of a Written Constitution
 It has the advantage of clearness and definiteness over an unwritten one. This is because it is
prepared with great care and deliberation.
Disadvantage of a Written Constitution
 Its disadvantage lies in the difficulty of its amendment. This prevents the immediate introduction
of needed changes and may retard the healthy growth and progress of the state.

 Constitution is a legislation direct from the people.

 Constitution merely states the general framework of the law
 Constitution is intended not merely to meet existing conditions but to grow the future.
 Constitution is the supreme or fundamental law
 Statute (a written law passed by a legislative body)
 Is a legislation from the people’s representatives.
 It provides the details of the subject of which it treats.
 Is intended primarily to meet existing condition only
 Statute conforms to constitution
 Article I – National Territory
 Article II – Declaration of Principles and State Policies
 Article III – Bill of Rights
 Article IV – Citizenship
 Article V – Suffrage
 Article VI – Legislative Department
 Article VII – Executive Department
 Article VIII – Judicial Department
 Article IX – Constitutional Commission
 Article X – Local Government
 Article XI – Accountability of Public Officers
 Article XII – National Economy and Patrimony
 Article XIII – Social Justice and Human Rights
 Article XIV – Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports
 Article XV – The Family
 Article XVI – General Provisions
 Article XVII – Amendments or Revisions
 Article XVIII – Transitory Provisions

Significant Features of the 1987 Constitution

 The constitution establishes the Philippines as a “democratic and republican state”, where
“sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them”. (Section 1,
Article II)

PREAMBLE
We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and
humane society and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the
common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our prosperity the
blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom,
love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this constitution.

BASIC PRINCIPLES (Basic principles underlying the 1987 Constitution)

Recognition of the aid of the Almighty God
1. Sovereignty of the People
2. Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy
3. Supremacy of Civilian Authority over the Military
4. Separation of the Church and the State
5. Recognition of the Importance of the Family as the Basic Social Institution and of the Vital Role of
the Youth in Nation Building
6. Guarantee of Human Rights
7. Government through Suffrage
8. Separation of Powers
9. Independence of the Judiciary
10. Guarantee of Local Autonomy
11. High sense of Public Service Morality and Accountability of Public Officers
12. Nationalization of Natural Resources and Certain Private Enterprises affected with Public Interest
13. Non-suability of the State
14. Rule of the Majority
15. Government of Laws and not of Men

STATE POLICIES
Section 9 – the state shall promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity and
independence of the nation and free the people from poverty through policies that provide adequate
social service, promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved quality of life for
all.
Section 10 – the State shall promote social justice in all phases of national development.
Section 11 – the State values dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect of human
rights.
Section 12 – the State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen the family
as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect the life of the mothers and the life of the
born from conception. The natural and primary right and duty of parents in the rearing of the youth for
civic efficiency and the development of moral character shall receive the support of the Government.
Rearing the Youth for Civic Efficiency and Development of Moral Character
1. A duty both of parents and government
 The common welfare of society as well as the good of the individual depends to a great extent
upon the proper education and training of children.
2. Rights of State to interfere with education of children
 The State cannot by law compel the parents to make their children accept instruction in public
schools only. Such a law constitutes an unreasonable interference with the liberty of parents to
direct the upbringing of parents to direct the upbringing and education of children under their
care.
3. The state and Parental Obligations
 While the primary responsibility for educating the child rests in the family, the State has a distinct
interest in this matter since a proper education-humanistic, vocational, moral, religious, civic – is
necessary for social well-being.

Section 13 – the State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building and shall promote and
protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual and social well-being.
Role of the Youth in Nation Building
1. Today’s youth, more knowledgeable and intelligent
 Today’s youth are better educated and far more well-informed and articulate and politically
conscious.
2. Duty of the State
 The youth constitute a rich reservoir of productive manpower. It is the duty of the State to
enable the youth to develop physically, morally, spiritually, intellectually, and socially, in a
wholesome and normal manner.
3. Today’s youth, tomorrow’s leaders

Section 18 – the State affirms labor as a primary social economic force. It shall protect the rights of
workers and promote their welfare.
Section 22 – the State recognizes and promotes the rights of indigenous cultural communities within the
framework of national unity and development.

MODULE 3 – FILIPINO IDENTITY AND MORAL STANDARDS

FILIPINO CHARACTERISTICS
According to facts and details.com and Philippines Australia Business Council, there are three (3) main
traits that underlie the Filipino values and value-orientation. These traits have a strong influence in the
behavior and mentality of the Filipinos. These also have an effect in the Filipinos’ personal beliefs,
cultural traditions and practices.
1. Personalism is a Filipino trait wherein they give importance to interpersonal relations or face-to-face
encounters. Filipinos usually extends their work or services through “personal touch” or handles
problem solving through good personal relations.
2. Familialism focuses on the welfare and interest of the family over those of the community. The
family is the basis of group action and almost all community activity centers on the family. In
decision making, it is the family that decides rather than the individual on important matters.
3. Particularism relates to the strong family influence on the individual or group behavior. Pakikisama
is very important. Conformity proper codes of conduct yields rewards of cooperation while non-
conformity results to withdrawal of support.
It is also important to know that there are three (3) main obligations that underlie the Filipino value
orientation namely – rational (pakikipagkapwa), emotional (damdamin) and moral (karangalan). One or
all of these may have influence in Filipinos’ lives and social relationships.

Values in the Filipino Society

 The Filipinos are product of the blending race and culture of the eastern and western inhabitants. In
this sense and by blood, they can be said as people of eastern race with western culture or may be
called as the brown Americans.
 They possess multilayers influences of Indian, Malay, Chinese, Spanish, Japanese and Americans.
 Jocano (2002 and 2001) pointed out that these colonizers had developed some dimensions in
Filipino culture in terms of religious, social, economic and political systems.
 F. Landa Jocano identified two models of the Filipino Values System, the first the exogenous model
or the foreign model, while the second is the indigenous model or the traditional model.
 Exogenous Model (Foreign Model)
 Legal and formal model
 Inherited by Filipinos from Western cultures, particularly from the Spaniards and the
Americans
 Indigenous Model (Traditional Model)
 Traditional and non-formal model
 Deeply embedded in the Filipino subconscious

FILIPINO VALUES IN A FOURFOLD SENSE

1. Although mankind shares universal human values, it is obvious that certain values take on for us a
distinctively Filipino Flavor. The Greek ideal of moderation or meden agan, the Roman in medio stat
virtus, the Confucian Buddhist “doctrine in the middle” find their Filipino equivalent in “hindi labis
hindi kulang, katamtaman lamang”
2. When we speak of Filipino values, we do not mean that these Filipino values are absent in the value
system of other peoples and culture.
3. Universal human values in a Filipino context (historical, cultural, socio-economic, political, moral and
religious) take on a distinctive set of meanings and motivations.
4. The Filipino concept of justice has evolved from inequality to equality, and to human dignity; from
the tribe, to the family, and to the nation. Filipino consciousness of these different values varies at
different periods of our history.

 It is the only in the last two decades that the Filipino people have become more conscious of
overpopulation and family planning, environmental population (Kawasaki sentering plant) and
wildlife conservation (Caluit Island), and the violation of human rights (Martial Law), active non-
violence and People Power (1986 non-violent Revolution)
 Values are developed from the home through the parents as the primary teacher of Filipino families
then by its members.
 As individual grows, the environment has influence either to retain or reject the values taught or
established values at home.
 Filipino values and traits vary depending on how they are raised in their respective homes.
 Filipino values are ambivalent – can either be good or bad and thus color the uniqueness of every
individual.
 Values can also be considered as a guide towards the betterment of life because without proper
values, a person will never achieve what one aspires for.

POSITIVE FILIPINO VALUES

1. Bayanihan system or Spirit of kinship and camaraderie
 A Filipino community spirit and cooperation wherein a group of individuals extends helping hand
without expecting any remuneration.
2. Damayan System
 Sympathy for people who lost their love ones. In case of death of a certain member in the
community, the whole community sympathizes with the bereaved family.
3. Familism or close family relation
 Giving highest importance to family above other things.
4. Fun-loving trait
 A trait found in most Filipinos, a unique trait that even in time of calamities and other challenges
in they always have something to be happy about, a reason to celebrate.
5. Hospitality
 A trait of being receptive and generous to guests.
6. Compassionate
 Being sympathetic to other even if the person is a stranger.
7. Friendly
 Being a sincere loyal, kind and sociable person.
8. Flexible or Magaling makibagay
 The ability to ride on or adjust to the norms of other group to attain smooth and harmonious
relationship.
9. Religious
 Possess strong conformance of their religious belief in action and in words.
10. Respect for elders
 Being courteous both in words and in actions to older people.
11. Remedyo attitude
 Being creative and resourceful
12. Matiyaga
 Tenacity and strong determination in every undertaking.
13. Utang na loob
 A feeling of obligation to repay someone who extend assistance to another which may take place
in undetermined time and in whatever way.

NEGATIVE FILIPINO VALUES

1. Bahala na attitude
 Retreating or withdrawal from certain undertaking and leaving everything to God to interfere
and determine the outcome of his deeds.
2. Colonial Complex or Blue-seal mentality
 Showing high admiration and preference to foreign produced goods over local ones.
3. Crab Mentality
 An attempt to “pull down” someone who has achieved success beyond the others done by
jealousy and insecurity.
4. Euphemism
 Substituting a word or phrase that is thought to be offensive or harsh with a mild and acceptable
one in order to not offend or hurt another person.
5. Filipino Time
 In reality, it means “always late”, an attitude of impreciseness towards time.
6. Gaya-gaya Attitude
 Imitating or copying other cultures specifically in mode of dressing.
7. Jackpot Mentality
 A “get rich quick” mentality who would rather engage in fast ways of acquiring money than
through hard work and perserverance.
8. Mañana Habit
 Delaying or setting aside a certain task assigned on the next day although it can be done today.
9. Ningas Cogon
 Being enthusiastic only during the start of new undertaking but ends dismally in accomplishing
nothing.
10. Oversensitive
 Filipinos have tendency to be irritated easily or hurt upon hearing some criticisms or comment.
11. Lack of Sportsmanship
 Not accepting defeat in competitions but rather putting the blame either to their opponents or to
the sport officials.
12. Tsamba lang attitude
 Submitting oneself to the will of the group for the sake of camaraderie and unity. Failure to
comply with the group demand, the person will be called “walang pakikisama or selfish”