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NATIONAL SERVICE RESERVE CORPS

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NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM

Name Degree

School School Year

 INTRODUCTION

This Guide was developed to serve as your source material in undertaking Community and Public Safety
Training and preparation for the National Service Research Corps.

The Guide starts with an Introduction to the community- its physical environment, history, and people,
community organization, problems, program, and projects, and plans for development. The aim is to
familiarize you with your community so that you can identify yourself with it and, in the process,
develop a sense of belonging.

The next unit presents to you ways by which you can serve your community, individually or as a group.
There are three areas where you can be of assistance: environmental, social, and economic concerns.

The third unit exposes you to training for public safety. It may be in a small way, but you can be of
service in law enforcement, crime prevention, and disaster assistance.

The last unit will challenge you to make a commitment and take affirmative action on this commitment.
This is the opportunity for you to propose small community projects on your own.

On the whole, your experience in this program will enable you to develop; a sense of roots and a
commitment to serve and become a useful member of your community.

We acknowledge the DepEd and CHED for initiating students voluntary awareness for their community
development during the national consultation, and to Dr. F. Labuguen of PSNEI/Dr Teresita Coloma and
Prof. M. Herrera in “Focus in Community Organization and Development”.

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 1 HISTORY AND LEGAL BASIS OF THE NATIONAL SERVICE
TRAINING PROGRAM ACT 2001 AND VIP-CWS

- R.A. 9163
- PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION 1987
- CHED MEMOs
- NDCC MEMO 2002

History and Legal Basis Related to the National Service Training Program Act 2001

Art II Sec.4. The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect the people. The
Government may call upon the people to defend the State and, in the fulfillment thereof, all citizens may
be required, under conditions provided by law, to render military or civil service.
Sec. 5. The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty, and property, and the
promotion of the general welfare are essential for the enjoyment by all the people of the blessings of
democracy.
Sec. 9. The State shall promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity
and independence of the nation and free the people from poverty through policies that provide adequate
social services, promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved quality of life for
all.
Sec. 12. The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen the
family as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect the life of the mother and the life
of the unborn from conception. The natural and primary right and duty of parents in the rearing of the
youth for civic efficiency and the development of moral character shall receive the support of the
Government.
Sec. 13. The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building and shall promote and
protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth
patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their involvement in public and civic affairs.
Sec. 14. The State recognizes the role of women in nation-building and ensure the fundamental
equality before the law of women and men.
Sec. 15. The State shall protect and promote the right to health and instill health consciousness
among them.
Sec. 16. The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful
ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.
Sec. 17. The State shall give priority to education, science and technology, arts, culture, and
sports to foster patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress and promote total human liberation
and development.
Sec. 20. The State recognizes the indispensable role of the private sector, encourage private
enterprise, and provides incentives to needed investments.
Sec. 21. The State shall promote the comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform
Sec. 23. The State shall encourage non-governmental community-based, or sectoral organization
that promote the welfare of the nation.

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The National Service Training Program Act - Republic Act No. 9163
AN ACT ESTABLISHING THE NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM (NSTP) FOR
TERTIARY LEVEL STUDENTS, AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7077
AND PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1706, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled.
SECTION 1. Short Title. — This Act shall be known as the “National Service Training Program (NSTP)
Act of 2001”.

SEC. 2. Declaration of Policy. — It is hereby affirmed the prime duty of the government to serve and
protect its citizens, In turn, it shall be the responsibility of all citizens to defend the security of the State
and in fulfillment thereof, the government may require each citizen to render personal, military or civil
service. Recognizing the youth’s vital role in nation-building, the State shall promote civic
consciousness among the youth and shall develop their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual and social
well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism, nationalism, and advance their involvement in
public and civic affairs. In pursuit of these goals, the youth, the most valuable resource of the nation,
shall be motivated, trained, organized and mobilized in military training, literacy, civic welfare and other
similar endeavors in the service of the nation.

SEC. 3. Definition of Terms. — For purposes of this Act, the following are hereby defined as follows:
(a) “National Service Training Program (NSTP)” is a program aimed at enhancing civic
consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth by developing the ethics of service and
patriotism while undergoing training in any of its three (3) program components. Its various
components are specially designed to enhance the youth’s active contribution to the general
welfare.
(b) “Reserve-Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC)” is a program institutionalized under Sections 38 and
39 of Republic Act No. 7077 designed to provide military training to tertiary level students in
order to motivate, train, organize and mobilize them for national defense preparedness.
(c) “Literacy Training Service” is a program designed to train students to become teachers of
literacy and numeracy skills to school children, out of school youth, and other segments of
society in need of their service.
(d) “Civic Welfare Training Service” refers to programs or activities contributory to the general
welfare and the betterment of life for the members of the community or the enhancement of its
facilities, especially those devoted to improving health, education, environment,
entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and morals of the citizenry.
(e) “Program component” shall refer to the service components of the NSTP as enumerated in
Section 4 of this Act.

SEC. 4. Establishment of the National Service Training Program. — There is hereby established a
National Service Training Program (NSTP), which shall form part of the curricula of all baccalaureate
degree courses and of at least two (2)-year technical-vocational courses and is a requisite for graduation,
consisting of the following service components:
(1) The Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC), which is hereby made optional and voluntary
upon the effectivity of this Act;

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 (2) The Literacy Training Service; and
(3) The Civil Welfare Training Service.
The ROTC under the NSTP shall instill patriotism, moral virtues, respect for rights of civilians, and
adherence to the Constitution, among others. Citizenship training shall be given emphasis in all three (3)
program components. The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and Technical Education and
Skills Development Authority (TESDA), in consultation with the Department of National Defense
(DND), Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC), Coordinating Council of
Private Educational Associations of the Philippines (COCOPEA) and other concerned government
agencies, may design and implement such other program components as may be necessary in
consonance with the provisions of this Act.

SEC. 5. Coverage. — Students, male and female, of any baccalaureate degree course or at least
two (2)-year technical-vocational courses in public and private educational institutions shall be required
to complete one (1) of the NSTP components as requisite for graduation.

SEC. 6. Duration and Equivalent Course Unit. — Each of the aforementioned NSTP program, a
one (1) summer program may be designed, formulated and adopted by the DND, CHED and TESDA.

SEC. 7. NSTP Offering in Higher and Technical-Vocational Educational Institutions. — All

higher and technical-vocational institutions, public and private, must offer at least one of the program
components: Provided, That State universities and colleges shall offer the ROTC component and at least
one other component as provided herein: Provided, further, That private higher and technical-vocational
education institutions may also offer the ROTC if they have at least three hundred and fifty (350) cadet
students. In offering the NSTP whether during the semestral or summer periods, clustering of affected
students from different educational institutions may be done, taking into account logistics, branch of
service and geographical considerations. Schools that do not meet the required number of students to
maintain the optional ROTC and any of the NSTP components shall allow their students to cross-enroll
to other schools irrespective of whether or not the NSTP components in said schools are being
administered by the same or another branch of service of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP),
CHED and TESDA to which schools are identified.

SEC. 8. Fees and Incentives. — Higher and technical-vocational institutions shall not collect any
fee for any of the NSTP components except basic institution fees, which shall not be more than fifty
percent (50%) of what is currently charged by schools per unit. In the case of the ROTC, the DND shall
formulate and adopt a program of assistance and/or incentive to those students who will take the said
component. The school authorizes concerned, the CHED and TESDA shall ensure that group insurance
for health and accident shall be provided for students enrolled in any of the NSTP components.
SEC. 9. Scholarships. — There is hereby created a Special Scholarship Program for qualified
students taking the NSTP which shall be administered by the CHED and TESDA. Funds for this purpose
shall be included in the annual regular appropriations of the CHED and TESDA.

SEC. 10. Management of the NSTP Components. — The school authorities shall exercise
academic and administrative supervision over the design, formulation, and adoption and implementation
of the different NSTP components in their respective schools: Provided, That in case a CHED- or
TESDA-accredited non-government organization (NGO) has been contracted to formulate and
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administer a training module for any of the NSTP components, such academic and administrative
supervision shall be exercised jointly with that accredited NGO: Provided, further, That such training
module shall be accredited by the CHED and TESDA. The CHED and TESDA regional offices shall
oversee and monitor the implementation of the NSTP under their jurisdiction to determine if the
trainings are being conducted in consonance with the objectives of this Act. Periodic reports shall be
submitted to the CHED, TESDA and DND in this regard.

SEC. 11. Creation of the National Service Reserve Corps. — There is hereby created a National
Service Reserve Corps, to be composed of the graduates of the non-ROTC components. Members of this
Corps may be tapped by the State for literacy and civic welfare activities through the joint effort of the
DND, CHED and TESDA. Graduates of the ROTC shall form part of the Citizens’ Armed Force,
pursuant to Republic Act No. 7077.

SEC. 12. Implementing Rules. — The DND, CHED and TESDA shall have the joint
responsibility for the adoption of the implementing rules of this Act within sixty (60) days from the
approval of this Act. These three (3) agencies shall consult with other concerned government agencies,
the PASUC and COCOPEA, NGOs and recognized student organizations in drafting the implementing
rules. The implementing rules shall include the guidelines for the adoption of the appropriate curriculum
for each of the NSTP components as well as for the accreditation of the same.

SEC. 13. Transitory Provisions. — Students who have yet to complete the Basic ROTC, except
those falling under Section 14 of this Act, may either continue in the program component they are
currently enrolled or shift to any of the other program components of their choice:
Provided, That in case he shifts to another program component, the Basic ROTC courses he has
completed shall be counted for the purpose of completing the NSTP requirement: Provided, further, That
once he has shifted to another program component, he shall complete the NSTP in that component.

SEC. 14. Suspension of ROTC Requirement. — The completion of ROTC training as requisite for
graduation is hereby set aside for those students who despite completing all their academic units as of
the effectivity of this Act have not been allowed to graduate.
SEC. 15. Separability Clause. — If any section or provision of this Act shall be declared
unconstitutional or invalid, the other sections or provisions not affected thereby shall remain in full force
and effect.

SEC. 16. Amendatory Clause. — Section 35 of Commonwealth Act No. 1, Executive Order No.
207 of 1939, Sections 2 and 3 of Presidential Decree No. 1706, and Sections 38 and 39 of Republic Act
No. 7077, as well as all laws, decrees, orders, rules and regulations and other issuances inconsistent with
the provisions of this Act are hereby deemed amended and modified accordingly.

SEC. 17. Effectivity. — This Act shall take effect (15) days after its publication in two (2)
newspapers of national circulation, but the implementation of this Act commence in the school year of
2002-2003.

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THE NATIONAL SERVICE RESERVE CORPS (NSRC)

1. MISSION. To provide a trained and motivated manpower pool that can be tapped by the state
for civic welfare, literacy and other similar endeavors in the service of the nation.

2. FUNCTIONS
a. To assist in the disaster preparedness, mitigation, response, and rehabilitation programs;
b. To serve as an auxiliary to the disaster coordinating council (DCC) response units;
c. To assist in the promotion of civic welfare activities;
d. To assist in the implementation of literacy programs;
e. To assist in socio-economic development;
f. To assist in environmental protection; and
g. To perform other similar endeavors.

3. COMPOSITION. The NSRC shall be composed of the graduates of the Civic Welfare Training
Service (CWTS) and literacy training service (LTS) COMPONENTS OF THE NSTP.

4. ORGANIZATION. The NSRC is organized under the umbrella of the National Disaster
Coordinating Council (NDCC). It shall have a national, regional, provincial and city/municipal
level of organization parallel to the disaster coordinating council (DCC) structures at all levels.
The DCC centers shall serve as the headquarters of the NSRC at respective level of organization.
Its national center shall be based at the NDCC DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CENTER, camp
General Emilio Aguinaldo, Quezon City. A secretariat at all levels shall be organized and
composed of representatives from CHED and TESDA.

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ORGANIZATION OF NSRC NATIONAL DIRECTORATE OFFICE

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SCHOOL BASED NSRC ORGANIZATION

8
SCHOOL BASED NSRC UNIT ORGANIZATION

9
 MANNING: (CONT’N)

NSRC SECTION:

1 SECTION LEADER

1 ASSISTANT LOGISTICS OFFICER

1 ADMIN AND LOGISTICS OFFICER

1 OPERATIONS AND TRAINING OFFICER

1 COMMUNITY RELATIONS OFFICER

NSRC TEAMS:

1 SECTION LEADER

1 ASSISTANT SECTION LEADER

8 MEMBERS (MINIMUM)

12 MEMBERS (MAXIMUM)

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 CEBU NORMAL UNIVERSITY

FIRE PLAN
2017-2018

THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAM

Utilizing the NDRRMC organizational structure in disaster management is hereby

followed.

Disaster Management Team Organization Structure

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DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAM CORE DUTIES

The chairman is responsible for developing the plan to protect life and property and to
minimize damage in the event of a civil defense emergency or other disaster.

The Assistant Chairman serves as the Principal Assistant to DCG Chairman and acts
for him/her in his/her absence and performs such duties the Chairman may assign to him, in
addition to being the Deputy.

STAFF ELEMENTS:

Security Team Leader shall be responsible for securing vacated buildings, hospitals,
establishments, factories, schools, etc., or areas of evacuation centers and areas of
operations.

Supply Team Leader shall be responsible for determining the supply requirements of all
action teams. He shall identify the sources of such supplies as may be needed.

Transportation Team Leader shall be responsible for the transport needs. He shall
determine the transportation needs and requirements.

Communication Team Leader shall be responsible for Receipt of warning information

from the local Civil Defense Director or other authoritative sources and disseminates such
warning to all offices and personnel.

OPERATIONS TEAMS:

Warning Team Leader should ensure that warning signals can be received by all
occupants and offices. He ensures that all occupants should be educated on the meaning of
different warning signals or alarms and necessary actions to be taken.

Evacuation Team Leader is responsible for supervising and expediting the planned and
controlled movement of all building occupants in an emergency.

Fire Brigade Team Leader organizes the fire-fighting teams or brigades for initial
fire-fighting operations.

Rescue Team Leader is responsible for locating injured or trapped persons and
transferring them to a place where they can be taken care of during an emergency.

Medical Team Leader as head of the Health and First-Aid Team is responsible for
training and equipping all personnel assigned to perform medical and first-aid services in
emergency, and for supervising these operations within the building during emergency.

Damage & Control Team Leader is responsible for controlling utilities in the facility or
building during an emergency.

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 I. Guidelines in the Event of a Minor Fire

A. If a minor fire is controllable, immediately direct the exhaust of the fire extinguisher to
the base of the fire.
B. Promptly contact the fire department and the school security.
C. If the fire becomes an emergency situation, activate the fire alarm system. If the fire
alarm system is disabled, may use the manual alarm system and give verbal
instructions to evacuate the building.
D. Assist individuals to exit the building safely.
E. Faculty will direct their classes to the appropriate parking area away from danger where
a headcount will be taken.
F. Be aware of any injured or disabled students/employees who may need assistance in
exiting the building.
G. Building Representatives (Dean, Associate Deans, and Coordinator) will ensure that the
building is empty.
H. Do not re-enter an evacuated building until the “all-clear” is given by DCG.
I. All incidents/accidents must be documented. All information should be forwarded to the
appropriate office.

II. Guidelines in the Event of a Major Fire

A. If a fire is not controllable, immediately activate the fire alarm system or if the system is
disabled give verbal instructions to EVACUATE the building.
B. Promptly contact the Fire Department and Security Guards.
C. Assist individuals to exit the building safely.
D. Faculty will direct their classes to the appropriate parking area away from danger where
a headcount will be taken.
E. Be aware of any injured or disabled students/employees who may need assistance in
exiting the building.
F. Building Representatives (Dean, Associate Deans, and Coordinator) will ensure that the
building is empty.
G. Do not re-enter an evacuated building until the “all-clear” is given by DCG.
H. All incidents/accidents must be documented. All information should be forwarded to the
appropriate office. (Annex B)

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 ANNEX B

BUILDING MONITORING HAZARD REPORT FORM

This form is to be used to notify the administration of a safety or security hazard within a
building or its surrounding perimeter.

To: Date:

Building Name:
Location of Hazard:
Description of Hazard Safety Security:

I have submitted the above information and have discussed it with the Department Head.

Name Date Department Head Date

Received by:
Vice-President for Administration

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 Incident/Accident Report

Date Time
Location of Accident/Incident
Victim’s Full Name Address

Accident
Injuries
Description of Accident

Incident
Description of Incident

Witnesses
Name: Address: Phone No.:

Date: Reported by

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 EMERGENCY RESPONSE EXERCISE RATING SCALE

FIRE

Name of Building Date

Criteria Excellent Good Poor Remarks

If a fire is not controllable, immediately

activate the fire alarm system or if the
system is disabled give verbal instructions to
evacuate the building

Promptly contact the Fire Department and

Security Guards.

Assist individuals to exit the building safely.

Faculty will direct their classes to the

appropriate parking area away from danger
where a headcount will be taken.

Be aware of any injured or disabled

students/employees who may need
assistance in exiting the building.

Building Representatives (Dean, Associate

Deans, and Coordinator) will ensure that the
building is empty.

Do not re-enter an evacuated building until

the “all-clear” is given by DCG.

All incidents/accidents must be

documented. All information should be
forwarded to the appropriate office.

Total

PRINTED NAME AND SIGNATURE OF EVALUATOR

Rating Guide:

Excellent The execution of the procedure is smooth with no interruptions. Proper coordination by the
Disaster control group is strictly observed.

Good The execution of the procedure is a bit smooth with few interruptions. A little coordination by the
Disaster control group is observed.

Poor The execution of the procedure is chaotic. No coordination by the Disaster control group is
observed.

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 LOYALTY

IF YOU WORK FOR A MAN

IN HEAVEN'S NAME WORK FOR HIM
SPEAK WELL OF HIM
AND STAND BY THE INSTITUTION HE REPRESENTS
REMEMBER, AN OUNCE OF LOYALTY IS WORTH
A POUND OF CLEVERNESS
IF YOU MUST GROWL, CONDEMN
AND ETERNALLY FIND FAULT
WHY… RESIGN YOUR POSITIONS
AND WHEN YOU ARE ON THE OUTSIDE
DAMN TO YOUR HEART’S CONTENT
BUT AS LONG AS YOU ARE A PART
OF THE INSTITUTION
DO NOT CONDEMN IT
IF YOU DO… THE FIRST HIGH WIND
THAT COMES ALONG WILL BLOW YOU AWAY
AND PROBABLY YOU’LL NEVER KNOW WHY

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 LEGAL BASIS

UNDER PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION 1987 R.A. 9163

ART II SEC. 4. The prime duty of the government is to serve and protect the people. The
government may call upon the people to defend the State and, in the fulfillment thereof, all
citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal, military or civil
service.

SEC. 13. The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation building and shall promote
and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being. It shall inculcate
in the youth patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their involvement in public and civic
affairs.

VOLUNTEER LAW Republic Act No. 9418

A volunteer in legal terms is a person performing services for a nonprofit organization,, a

nonprofit corporation, a hospital, or a governmental entity without compensation, other than
reimbursement for actual expenses incurred. The term includes a volunteer serving as a director,
officer trustee, or direct service volunteer.

Some states have enacted laws granting immunity from lawsuits to volunteers, which are
intended to encourage volunteers to contribute their services for the good of their communities,
and also provide a reasonable basis for compensation for claims which may arise relating to
those services.

The following is an example of an excerpt from a state statute governing volunteers.

“(d) Any volunteers shall be immune from civil liability in any action on the basis of any act or
omission of a volunteer resulting in damage or injury if.

1. The volunteer was acting in good faith and within the scope of such volunteer’s official
actions and duties for a nonprofit organization, a nonprofit corporation, hospital, or a
governmental entity; and
2. The damage or injury was not caused by willful or wanton misconduct by such volunteer.

Sample: A life in Dapitan 1892-1896

TP LAW/R.A. 9163-NSRC

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● Volunteerism Month is observed every December in the Philippines. The Filipino people
are some of the most hospitable and generous people you’ll ever meet. Their spirit of
volunteerism is evident in all sectors, from nonprofits and corporations to the
government and academic institutions.
● The RA 9418 an “Act Institutionalizing Strategy for Rural Development, Strengthening
Volunteerism And For Other Purposes”, otherwise known as the “Volunteer Act of 2007”
provides the policy and institutional framework for integrating and harmonizing the
various volunteering efforts in the country.
● The act grants those who perform volunteer work for nonprofit organizations or a
governmental entity immunity from civil liability for injuries they cause by their acts of
negligence while volunteering.
● Volunteering can provide a healthy boost to your self-confidence, self-esteem, and life
satisfaction. You are doing good for others and the community, which provides a natural
sense of accomplishment. Your role as a volunteer can also give you a sense of pride
and identity.

● Examples: visiting orphanages, tree planting, fire brigade, house build, feeding program,
etc.

● 7 Characteristics That Every Great Volunteer Has In Common

1. They Have A Fearless Approach…
2. They Have Infinite Patience…
3. They Can Think Creatively…
4. They Are Eager to Take Initiative…
5. They Stay Humble About Their Work…
6. They Are Driven by Passion…
7. They Can Work In Teams.
● Types of volunteering:
○ Volunteering to work with animals, Volunteer for a community project, Sports
volunteering, Volunteering in hospitals, Green volunteering
● Volunteering can:
1. Give you a sense of achievement and purpose help you feel part of a community
2. Help you feel better about yourself by improving your self-esteem and confidence
3. Help you share your talents, learn new skills and create a better work-life balance
4. Help combat stress, loneliness, social isolation, and depression
5. Help you meet new people, which can help you feel more connected and valued

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 THE MEANING OF NATIONAL SECURITY

(National Defense COllege of the Philippines, 2000)

The school thought on the meaning of National Security:

A. Equated with National Defense

- Views national security as the protection of the nation’s people and territories from
physical assault;
- Threats to a nation’s security are perceived to emanate solely from outside the country;
- Prevalent until the 1950’s especially among the highly industrialized countries.
B. Nation Security Viewed as a Broader Concept
- In addition to national defense, it includes the protection of vital economic and political
interests, the loss of which could threaten fundamental values and vitality of the state
itself
- National security ceases to be the concern solely of the military, and it may be
threatened both from within and from outside of the country;
- This view started to gain adherents in the 1950’s, after the establishment of the National
Security Council in the United States;
- Obtained a wider acceptance only in 1970’s;
- Among its advocates was Robert McNamara who claimed that among developing
countries, where poverty was a common denominator, national security may in fact be
equated with development.

The common National Security Council and National Defense College of the Philippines definition of
National Security;

“A state or condition wherein the people’s way of life and institutions, their territorial integrity and
sovereignty, as well as their welfare and well-being are protected and enhanced.”

From the standpoint of the NSC, the security of the nation would largely depend on the maintenance of
the following elements:

TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY
● The territory of the country is intact and under the effective control of the Government:
- The nation’s territory (including its exclusive economic zone) (EEZ) is adequately
protected from illegal intrusions and destructive explorations, and no rebel or belligerent
group has control over any portion of the territory where our laws cannot be enforced.

ECOLOGICAL BALANCE
● The environment is able to support sustainable development strategies for the benefit of the
nation and the people who depend on it for their existence:
- A situation of affairs wherein current action and decisions affecting natural resources consider
the needs of future generations and the population is accorded protection against large-scale
threats to health and survival.

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BIO-POLITICAL STABILITY
● There is peace and harmony among the divergent groups of people in the country, and mutual
cooperation and support exists between the Government and the people as a whole:
- A situation where civil and human rights are respected and just policies and rules are
obeyed; lawmakers and law-enforcers are dedicated to the effective delivery of basic
services to the people.

ECONOMIC SOLIDARITY
● The economy is strong, capable of supporting national endeavors, and derives in strength from
the people who have an organic stake in it through participation or ownership:
- This is a situation where people have control over their own lives, livelihood and
economic destinies, and economic democracy prevails.

CULTURAL COHESIVENESS
● The people share the values and beliefs handed down by their forebears and possess strong
sense of attachment to the national community despite their religious, ethnic and linguistic
differences:
- That there are commonalities of ideas, feelings, and perspectives transcending
differences in language, religion, lifestyle, or ethnic affiliations.

MORAL CONSENSUS
● There is consensus among the people on the wisdom and righteousness of the nation, vision
and they are inspired by their patriotism and national pride to participate vigorously in the pursuit
of the country’s goals and objectives:
- There is agreement on who we are as people, where and to go as a nation, and how we
want to get there;
- There is agreement about what is right or wrong and agreement about the national
vision.

EXTERNAL PEACE
● The country and the people enjoy cordial relations with their neighbors; and they are free from
any control, interference or threat of aggression from any of them:
- The Philippines as a nation is respected by other nation-states and it is able to conduct
its activities without being hampered by any nation.

THE NATIONAL INTERNAL SECURITY PLAN (NISP)

● Provided for in Executive Order No. 21 “Creating a Coordinative and Integrative System on
Internal Security” July 19, 2001
● Based on Memorandum Order No. 44 approving the national Internal Security Plan and
Directing All Concerned Agencies to comply with and Implement the Plan
● Aims to prescribe the general framework and provide policy guidelines for coordination,
integrating and accelerating overall government response to overcome insurgency nationwide.

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

A. To coordinate, integrate and accelerate government peace and order, security and development
efforts to effectively implement the Strategy of Holistic Approach at the national, sub-national
and local levels;
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 B. To provide direction, assign roles, define responsibilities an ensure consistency in the
formulation and implementation of national policies, plans and programs that impact on internal
security;
C. To establish relationships among and synchronize the operations of existing government
structures on peace and order security and development to achieve synergism and efficiency;
D. To ensure the coordination and complementation of psychosocial interventions with the overall
internal security effort in order to enhance social capital and promote social cohesion and
national unity.

Comprehensive, multidisciplinary government response

Consists of four major component responses:
- Political / legal / diplomatic
- Information
- Socio-economic / psychosocial
- Peace and order / security
Customized, need-based, site-specific, and strategy-driven actions to address particular situations

COMPONENTS OF THE SHA

POLITICAL LEGAL/DIPLOMATIC
● Political Response
- Seeks to tap the full cooperation of local government units and civil society to promote good
government and citizen’s participation in the implementation of the NISP
- Develops and propagates democratic tenets to confront communist ideology
- Highlights the government’s commitment to pursue its Comprehensive Peace Process along the
Six Paths to Peace

SIX PATHS TO PEACE

1. Pursuit of social, economic and political reforms.
2. Consensus-building and empowerment for peace;
3. Peaceful, negotiated settlement with the different rebel groups;
4. Programs for reconciliation, reintegration and rehabilitation;
5. Conflict management and protection of civilians caught in armed conflict and
6. Building and nurturing a climate conducive to peace.

● Legal Response
- Aims to pursue institutional legal reforms and ensure the provision of legal and prosecutorial
services, legal assistance to civilians, as well as military / police personnel in cases relating to
the performance of their duties while addressing insurgency.
- Involves the combined efforts of DOJ, DND/AFP, and DILG PNP to provide efficient and
well-coordinated investigation and prosecution of related cases while strictly observing the
principles of International Humanitarian Law Human Rights.
● Diplomatic Response
- Includes the prevention of foreign intervention in the country’s interval armed conflicts,
promotion of international support for the government’s peace and development efforts by
maintaining lies with international bodies such as the Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC),
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the United Nations (UN), and generating

22
 support from concerned bilateral / multilateral aid agencies for programs/projects in priority
areas that require official development assistance (ODA)

SOCIO-ECONOMIC/PSYCHOSOCIAL COMPONENT
● Socio-economic
- Demands new strategies and innovative programs to alleviate poverty and meet development
needs
- Includes the provision of greater access to productive resources, redistributive assets reforms,
livelihood opportunities, and human development services that would bring about normal family
and community life
- Calls for additional resources beyond regular allocations and the acceleration of development
necessary to build up human capital
- Consists of collaborative action and institutional development initiatives that pushes for social
and economic reforms to confront the lingering causes of insurgency.
● Psychosocial
- Cuts across the implementation of political, socio-economic, and security initiatives
- Develops and implements programs to create and strengthen a spirit of nationhood among the
people which include developing national character/identity without losing cultural integrity.
- Contributes in the area of building social capital and addressing the psychosocial needs of
vulnerable groups like women and children and other groups directly affected by the conflict
- Takes into consideration the cultural, ethno-linguistic, religion diversity and the historical roots of
armed conflicts in specific areas of priority areas

PEACE AND ORDER/SECURITY

● Consists of response aimed to protect the people from the insurgents and provide a secure
environment for national development
● Involves activities to deny the insurgents access to their most important resource-popular
support- and direct efforts towards establishing conditions whereby the local population can,
with limited government support, provide for its own security
● Seeks to directly address the insurgent party, its army and mass organization, and the armed
conflict itself and nitrate programs to defend communities, protect the people’s secure vital
installations and national assets.

INFORMATION COMPONENT
● Refers to the overall effort to advocate peace, promote public confidence in government and
support government efforts to overcome insurgency through tri-media and interpersonal
approaches
● Includes efforts to counter insurgent propaganda and other psychological actions

NSTP COMPONENTS LEAD GOVERNOR MEMBERS

1. POLITICAL/LEGAL/DIPLOMATIC DND/AFP
● Seeks to tap the full cooperation of DOJ
LGU’s and civil society to promote good DILG DFA
governance and citizen’s participation OPAPP
in NSTP OPARD

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 2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC-PSYCHOSOCIAL
● Demands new strategies and NAPC, DAR,
innovative programs to alleviate poverty OPARD, DPWH,
and meet development needs DSWD NEDAM DND,
● Develops and implements programs to DOH, DILG, DepEd,
create nationhood, national OPAPP, DA
character/identity while maintaining
cultural integrity

3. PEACE AND ORDER/SECURITY

● Activities to deny the insurgents access DND-AFP DILG-PNP
to their most important ONSA
resource-popular support

4. INFORMATION OPS NAPS, DSWD,

● Overall effort to advocate peace DND, OPAPP

THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY

1. DEFINITION OF TERMS:
a. SUBVERSION - it is a group of conspiracy seeking to alter an existing system of
government through deceit and other unlawful means, or it is an act of individual or a
group who want to topple the government by all mean.
b. COMMUNISM - it is a theory which advocates elimination of private ownership. It tends
to make the world stateless and the society classless.
c. AGITATION - it is a subversive technique to arouse hatred and anger among the people
and to the government.
d. PROPAGANDA - it is a time of persuasion/influence the belief, emotion, behavior,
attitude, and opinion of the target audience.
e. INFILTRATION - deceptive use of legal activities and this is being used to exert influence
and if possible, seize control of the target group.
f. POLITICS - it is an art or science concerning the winning of control over government
2. THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY
Threat to national security may be defined as any expression of intuition to inflict evil, injury, or
damage to the nation’s people, territories and vital installations, political, economic, and religious
way of life. Threats to national security have always been the concern of the Armed Forces of
the Philippines who are tasked with the defense of the state from the enemies, within and
without. To cope with these threats, the AFP has placed its thrust towards modernizing its
armaments and other weaponry, and dealt with the problem by providing not only a military
solution to any conflict but also a conscious understanding on what brought about these threats
in order to address the root causes.
3. TYPES OF THREAT:
A. GENERAL THREAT:
1. POLITICS- caused by person/group of person who aspire for power and/or
position into the government

2. ECONOMIC- caused by businessmen who mass large amount of money but do

not pay taxes, hoarders, dollars syndicate, dollar salters, smugglers and big

24
 criminals. These groups tends to drain our national fund and thus results into
economic chaos.

3. PSYCHOSOCIAL- caused by activities that would undermine the morale of the

populace such activities are:
a. Indulgences to vices
b. Drug addiction
c. Prostitution
d. Other criminal acts
These activities tends to undermine the morale of the populace thus, become easy to insurgents
exploitation
B. EXTERNAL/INTERNAL THREAT:
EXTERNAL THREAT- it is posed primarily by conflict from other countries that may
affect certain country politically, economically, socially and even military (Iran-Iraq
conflict, arms race among superpowers - Indo-China War).
INTERNAL THREAT- posed primarily by the different groups who oppose our present
system.

ANTI AND COUNTER TERRORISM

Terrorism is the unlawful use of or threatened use of forces or violence against individual or
property to coerce intimidates government often to achieve political religious or ideological
objectives

THE ENVIRONMENT OF TERRORISM

It is often difficult to distinguish the act of politically motivated terrorist from violent acts
performed by criminals or individuals in the society at large. These acts create similar
tactical-level problems for security forces but normally have no political intent or effect. Some
criminal organizations, especially _____, have become powerful enough to have vested
political interest. When they pursue this interest by acts of terrorism they become a concern for
the military like any other political terrorists group.
The terrorist neither require nor necessarily seek political support. Terrorist operations,
organizations and movements require secrecy. Their activities do not conforms to the rules of
law or warfare. Their victims are frequently noncombatants or symbolic persons and places,
and usually have no role in either causing or correcting the terrorist’s grievances. Terrorist
methods include hostage taking hijacking, sabotage, assassinations, arson, hoaxes,
bombings, and armed attacks or threat thereof.

THE TERRORIST THREAT

The terrorist - understanding modern terrorism requires an appreciation of the emotional
impact that the terrorist act has on the terrorist’s audience, people other than the victims. The
audience must now act to respond to it, thereof, media coverage is imperative to terrorists
wishing to executive public fear or to gain attention for their cause. The great extent, the
terrorist’s desire for attention determines his choice of tactics.

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 The role that the terrorist group perceives itself is playing also determines its choice of
tactics and selection of targets. Terrorism can be an element of an insurgency or revolutionary
effort when employed with other military and political activities designed to gain autonomy or to
supplant the existing political system. Terrorism can be mere gesture used in isolation from any
meaningful political effort. In this context, targets and their degree of sophistication and
intelligence weaponry.

THE GENERAL CATEGORIZATION OF TERRORIST

1. NON-STATE SUPPORTED - this terrorist group operates autonomous receiving no
significant support from any government.
2. STATE SUPPORTED - a state supported group generally operates independently but
receives support from one or more government.
3. STATE DIRECTED - in this category, the terrorist group operates as an agent to a
government. It receives intelligence, logistics and operational support from government.

TERRORIST OBJECTIVES
Terrorist events can be classified by their immediate objectives. A terrorist organization may
pursue one, some or all of these objectives. The terrorist organization may establish its objectives and
strategy or the government supporting the terrorist organization may dictate them. In their case, the
military planner must identify these objectives and strategies in order to defeat the terrorist
organizations and prevent it from obtaining its goal.
1. RECOGNITION - at the outset of the terrorist campaign the objective terrorists’ acts maybe
national or international recognition of the cause. The reason in seeking recognition might also
include attracting recruits, obtaining funds demonstrating strength.
2. COERCION - coercion is the attempt to force a desired behavior of individual or groups or
governments. This objective call for from a strategy of a selective targeting which may rely on
publicly announced bombing, destruction of property and other acts which are initially less
violent than taking human life.
3. INTIMIDATION - intimidation differs from coercion, intimidation attempt to prevent individuals or
group from acting; coercion attempt to force action. Terrorist may use intimidation to reduce the
effectiveness of security forces by making them afraid to act. Intimidation can discourage
competent citizen from seeking or accept position within a government.
4. PROVOCATION - the specific objective or terrorist acts in this category is to provoke
overreaction on the part of the government forces. The strategy normally calls for attacking the
targets symbolic of the government. Attacks of this type, demonstrative vulnerability of terrorist
acts and contribute to a loss of confidence in the government’s ability to provide security.
5. INSURGENCY SUPPORT - terrorism in support of an insurgency is likely to include
provocation, intimidation, coercion and the quest for recognition. Terrorism can also aid an
insurgency by causing the government to over extend itself in attempting to protect all possible
targets. Other uses of terrorism skill in insurgencies includes acquiring funds, coercing recruits,
obtaining logistical support and enforcing internal discipline.

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 THE TERRORIST TACTICS
The terrorist may be classified to the tactics terrorist use. There are many tactics but generally
each cell favors and specialized in the use of one or two. The tactics establish a distinct identifying
pattern of operation. Generally; techniques used to analyze criminal behavior are also useful in
analyzing terrorist behavior. The study of terrorist behavioral patterns can reveal most about a terrorist
group. This information is helpful in implementing anti-terrorism and conducting counter terrorism
operations. A terrorist organization may use any or all of the tactics.
1. ASSASSINATION - assassination is euphemism for murder. The term generally applies to the
killing of prominent persons and symbolic enemies as well as to defectors from a terrorist group.
2. ARSON - arson has the advantage of low risk to the perpetrators. It requires only a low level of
technical knowledge.
3. BOMBING - the improvised explosive device (IED) is the contemporary terrorist’s weapon of
choice. It is inexpensive to produce and terrorist use it frequently, due to the various detonation
techniques available. The IED poses a low risk to the trained terrorist. Other advantages include
its attention getting capacity and the terrorist ability to control casualties through time of
detonation and placement of device.
4. HIJACKING - hijacking produces a spectacular hostage situation. Although terrorist hijacking on
trains, buses, ships and aircraft offer them greater mobility and worldwide media coverage as a
means for escape.
5. HOSTAGE TAKING - this is usually can over seizure of one or more people to gain publicity,
concessions or ransom in return for the release of the hostage or hostages.
6. KIDNAPPING - whale similar to hostage-taking kidnapping is usually covert action and the
perpetrators may not make themselves known for sometimes. While hostage-taker seek
immediate publicity for their terrorist acts, news media attention. Kidnapping is usually less
intense since the event may extend over a prolonged period because of the time involved. A
successful kidnapping requires elaborate planning and logistics although the risk to the terrorist
is less than in a hostage situation
7. MAIMING - maiming creates fear causes pain, but is not as negative terrorist image as killing a
hostage.
8. RAIDS - armed attacks on facilities usually have one or three purposes: to gain access to radio
or television broadcast facilities, to demonstrate government’s inability to guarantee the security
of critical facilities, and acquire money or materials.
9. SEIZURE - usually involves the capture of the building or object that has a value to the target
audience. Publicity is the principal objective. The risk to the terrorist is high because security
forces have time to react to the attack. They may opt to use force to resolve the incident since
few or no innocent lives may be risked.
10. SABOTAGE - the sabotage in the most sabotage incident is to demonstrate how vulnerable
society is to the terrorist actions. In the more developed countries, utilities, communications and
transportation systems are so interdependent that a serious disruption of one, affects and
gained immediate public attentions. Sabotage of industrial commercial or military facilities is one
means of showing the vulnerability of the target. While simultaneously making statement or
political or monetary demands.
11. HOAXES - any terrorist group can successfully employ a hoax. A threat against a person’s life
and those around him to devote more time and effort to security measures. A bomb threat can
close a commercial building, empty or disrupt transportation system at no cost to the terrorist.
The long-term effects is “false alarm” on the security force are more dangerous than a

27
 temporary disruption of the hoax. Repeated threat that do not materialized dull the analytical
and operational effectiveness of security personnel.
12. Use of NBS WEAPONS - although nuclear device is beyond the reach of all but the most
sophisticated state sponsored terrorist group, a chemical or biological weapons is not. The
technology is simple and the cost per casualty is extremely low. This makes such weapons
ideal for those with little or no regard for the consequence of their act. Fear of alienation
from peer and support population, probably inhibits their use but this restraints could
disappear as completion for headlines increases.

THE TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

The terrorist group develops organizational structures appropriate for the environment in which
they operate. Since terrorist usually work in a hostile environment, security is one of the primary
concerns. Hence, they organized their structure as:
1. Terrorist group is normally cellular
2. They may organize into multi-functional cell that several skills into one tactical unit.
3. They may create a separate specialized cells that come together for an operation on and ad hoe
basis.
4. Larger groups normally have a central command and control elements with one or more
subordinate elements.
Terrorist groups are strictly similar to the rudimentary military organizations.
However, in other group dynamics, egos, and philosophical differences override
organizational principles because of these internal differences, members may take
actions not consistent with their stated objectives.
In general, terrorist organizations especially those with little or no less access to government resources,
need a support structure like:
1. LEADERSHIP - leadership is the top of the pyramid. It dense policy and direct actions.
Leadership is intensely committed and may include charismatic figures. It the group is state
supported or direct, the leadership usually includes one or more members who have been
trained by the sponsoring state.
2. ACTIVE SUPPORTERS - active supporters are people who do not actually commit the violent
acts of terrorism. However they assist the terrorist by providing money, information, legal end,
medical services, safe bonuses, and forged and stolen documents. Active supporters frequently
agree ideologically with some or all of the group’s goal, but not the use of violence.
3. PASSIVE SUPPORTERS - passive supporters are more difficult to define and identify. Most of
them are sympathetic to the terrorist group, but either will not or cannot assume an active role.
Some passive supporters are involved by intimidation or blackmail. Passive support may be
unwitting for example, contribution to charitable cause or causes. The terrorist relies on passive
supporters for financial and public displays of support and minor logistical support.
MEETING THE TERRORIST THREAT
In this section will be discussing the government policy toward terrorism, and outline the
responsibilities of appropriate agencies within the national government. It includes a brief view of the
AFP programs to combat terrorism.
Following are statements that summarizes the policies and responsibilities.
1. All terrorist actions are criminal and intolerable thus whatever their activities they should be
condemned.
2. All lawful measure will be taken to prevent terrorist acts and to punish those who commit them.
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3. Host government will exercise its responsibility under international law to protect all persons
within its territories.
4. International cooperation to combat terrorism is a fundamental tent of policy. Treaties
concerning aircraft hijacking measure to protect diplomats and denial of sanctuary to terrorist
are included in any international treaties.

OTHER CONSIDERATIONS IN MEETING TERRORIST THREAT

1. LEGAL CONSIDERATION - terrorist acts are criminal, whether committed in peacetime or war.
In peacetime, terrorist may be prosecuted for violating the criminal laws of the country which
they commit their crime. Terrorist may also subject to the extra-territorial criminal jurisdiction of
other nation. They may also subject to universal jurisdiction by any nation for internal offense
such as piracy.
2. PRINCIPLES OF NATIONAL PROGRAM - no two nations or societies are exactly alike
therefore, no two national programs for combating terrorism are identical. This is because
national programs exercise the values of the society and government that create it. There are
however, several principles common than an internationally recognized insurgency, for example,
the use of conventional military forces (other than highly specialized counter terrorism units) in a
domestic counter terrorist role and lead to overreaction and abuse. This would be
counterproductive and lend support to the terrorist cause.
3. POLICY - a government develop singled single, consistent policy; the national leadership must
express it clearly. Statement of policy address three (3) audiences:
a. The Domestic Population - the terrorist attempts to undermine popular faith in a
government ability to protect its citizen. A significant part of the government policy
therefore, must demonstrate to its citizen that their government actions are more
detrimental to their wellbeing than the terrorist acts the government attempts to prevent.
b. The International Community - views the government policy as statement of national
resolve and commitment. It evaluates the policy for consistency, with agreements, treaty,
commitments, and adherence to national and international law. To the extent the policy
achieve this, government legitimacy grows while that of the terrorist diminishes.
However, a strong national policy against terrorism is meaningless without the resolve
and the means to implement it.
c. The Terrorist - are the third audience for national policy. In general, terrorism is -at this
time- a low risk operation. Bombings, hijacking and assassinations offer terrorist groups
a high probability of success and low risk of capture or death. However, a strong
consistent national program effectively executed can increase the terrorist risk. It can
also separate the terrorist from the populace, thereby denying their sanctuary, recruits,
funds and support. The terrorist evaluates the government program by comparing its
public statements with effectiveness of its policy.
d. Organization - a government cannot easily organize and support a new system whose
sole mission is combating terrorism, due to the expense and degree of sophistication
required, therefore it usually employs existing organizations.
e. Terrorist Attack - a broad range of target which fall into many different civil and military
jurisdictions. Thus, no single element of government can fully cope with all aspects of a
nation’s terrorist problem. To be successful, it is necessary for a government to
orchestrate the activities of the many agencies involved. National leaders must actively
participate in this orchestration.

29
One way to focus the national effort is to establish an office which deals exclusively with terrorism. Such
an office requires a mechanism for policy coordination. A council composed of senior personnel from all
government agencies involved in the anti-terrorism program could provide the mechanism. The head of
the terrorism office should chair this council, ideally, he should report directly to the nation’s leader.

FUNCTIONS OF A NATIONAL PROGRAM

The function of government program for combating terrorism are similar to those for
counter-insurgency. Among these functions are:
INTELLIGENCE - Intelligence provides the key to both successful AT and CT programs. A
nation’s ability to recognize, analyze and move against a terrorist threat depends upon the
effectiveness of its intelligent apparatus. An effective system of information exchange and control
between the police and the military should provide both organizations with essential current
intelligence. The police is normally have unit exclusive contact with general population than the military.
Thus, information concerning terrorist place, recruitment and support structure will normally surface
from police sources earlier than from military source.

SECURITY - security is the context of a national program to combat terrorism includes both
anti-terrorist (AT) and counter-terrorist (CT). Anti-terrorist (AT) programs are the most difficult to plan
and implement because they require active participation by all agencies and to varying degrees, the
public. Counter-terrorist (CT) on the other hand, generally involves only intelligence police, and on
occasion selected military personnel. The fundamental elements of an AT program include awareness
and physical security. One of the defensive behaviors the AT campaign encourages is physical security.
This includes efforts to both physically strengthen and control access to facilities which are likely
terrorist targets. In brief by developing public awareness and implementing or enhancing physical
security the government “hardens” the terrorist targets. This makes the terrorist task more difficulty.
More importantly it increases the risk of injury, capture, or death for the terrorist.

INFORMATION - in combating terrorism, the government coordinates a variety of police

instruments, both internally and its allies. Informational activities are one of the most important
ingredients in a national security strategy. Policy makers should understand how using informational
assets could strengthen the government standing both world and domestic public opinion. PSYOPS,
public affairs (PA) and public diplomacy are all informational activities. Each can play an important role
in combating terrorism.

When government uses information to persuade, it is a PSYOP weapon. When it uses

information to discuss matters of public interest, it becomes a PA. When the government integrates
information into a comprehensive program involving both information and cultural activities supporting a
national strategy, it becomes a part of public diplomacy. In combating terrorism, PSYOP can contribute
immensely to an offensive strategy. It can help avoid collateral damage to the general populace. A
well-planned and executed program pit the terrorist in the defensive psychologically, forcing him into
more predictable behavior. PSYOP integrates with other operations helps separate the terrorist from
their sources of support and instigate rivalry between different groups.

30
 Terrorist and terrorist group promote their actions through the news media. To counteract this,
the government must preempt the terrorist exploitation of the media through rapid and accurate
disclosure of their activities and intentions. Only serious national security and operational requirements
should be allowed to alter the procedure. Adhering to such full disclosure policy helps offset terrorist
propaganda. It may help turn public opinion against terrorist exposing their cruelty and destructive acts.
But a policy of full disclosure must also avoid the release or exposure of counterproductive information.
Consistency within the national program and education of the population and military forces combine
the reduce the risk of terrorism. Unity of effort and legitimacy are factors in any program or combat
terrorism, money or equipment can overcome poor judgment or in attention to deal in the struggle
against terrorism but leadership and effective management are paramount. No amount of training,
money or equipment can overcome poor judgment or inattention to deal in the struggle against
terrorism.
PRINCIPLES OF COMBATING TERRORISM

A well-structured anti-terrorism program is the foundation of any effective combating terrorism

effort. The basics of such program include the collection and dissemination of timely threat information,
the conduct of information awareness program and the implementation of sound defensive measure.
Defensive measure include preparation and exercise of response forces and procedures because
absolute protection against terrorist activities is not possible protection plan and procedures are based
on assessment of the threat and an evaluation of friendly vulnerabilities. The resulting plan should
strike a reasonable balance between the protection desired, mission requirements and the vulnerability
of resources.

ARMY COMBATING - Terrorism Program - within the army, combating terrorism is on aspect of
force protection. It therefore falls within the still responsibility of operation officers at all levels. The army
designed its combating terrorism program reduce the vulnerability of installations, unit, and personnel
during peacetime, mobilization and war.The army’s program concentrates on developing a protective
posture in peacetime which can carry over war. The army’s approach to combating terrorism has two
distinct but not separate aspects of anti-terrorism and counter-terrorism.

ANTI-TERRORISM - includes all measure that installation, units and individuals take to reduce
the probability of their failing victims to terrorist act. AT includes these defensive measures that reduce
the vulnerability of individuals and property. The extent of these measures varies based on assessment
of the local threat. These includes personnel awareness and knowledge of personal protection
techniques. They also include crime prevention and physical security program to “harden” the target
making the Army installations and personnel less appealing as terrorist targets.

COUNTER-TERRORISM - includes the full range of offensive measures to prevent defer and
respond to terrorism. Other counter-terrorism measure preemption, intervention or retaliation with
specialized forces operating under direction of the NCA - have the characteristics of strikes or raids.

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THE PHILIPPINECRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
a. Criminal Justice System is the machinery which society uses in the enforcement of standards of conduct
necessary to protect individuals and the community. It operates by:
i. Preventing the commission of crime;
ii. Enforcement of laws;
iii. Protecting life individual rights and property;
iv. Removing dangerous persons from the community;
v. Deterring people from indulging in criminal activities;
vi. Investigating, apprehending, prosecuting and sentencing those who cannot be deterred from violating
the rules of society;
vii. Rehabilitating offenders and returning them to the community as law abiding citizens
b. The Five (5) Pillars of the Philippine Criminal Justice System are:
1. LAW ENFORCEMENT. Effective and efficient law enforcement remains the principal strategy of any
government in the continuing effort of reducing crime and maintaining peace and order. The Police
stands at the forefront of the criminal justice system. The Police exist for twin objectives: the
prevention of crime and disorder and the preservation of the peace; and the protection of life, property,
and personal liberty. The law enforcement agencies include the following: Philippine National Police;
National Bureau of Investigation; Economic Intelligence and Aquatic Resources; Bureau of Immigration
and Deportation; Bureau of Customs; Bureau of Air Transportation; Bureau of Land Transportation;
Dangerous Drugs Board Export Processing Zone Authority.
2. PROSECUTION. The National Prosecution Service (NPS) is the principal prosecutory arm of the
government. As a component of the Criminal Justice System, it is mandated to maintain and uphold
the rule of law through effective and expeditious delivery of prosecutorial services in order to enhance
peace and order. The NPS is composed of the Prosecution Staff.The Regional State Prosecutor Office
and the Provincial/City Prosecutor’s office. TheSecretary of Justice exercises general supervision and
control over the prosecutors throughout the country. The Chief of State Prosecutors who heads the
Prosecution Staff us tasked with the implementation of provision of laws, executive orders and decrees
and carries out policies, plans and programs of the Department of Justice relative to the investigation
and prosecution of criminal cases defined and penalized under the Revised Penal Code and other
penal laws.
3. THE COURTS (PENALIZATION). The Courts provide authoritative decisions in legal disputes brought
to it for resolution. The Court functions as a court of law and not as a power organ. The solemn oath
and commitment of those who manned the courts is to defend the Constitution and the law. The courts
of law in the Philippines are: the Supreme Court; the Court of Appeals, Sandigan Bayan; Court of Tax
Appeal; Shar’a District and Circuit Courts; Regional Trial Courts and Municipal Trial Courts/Municipal
Circuit Trial Courts/Metropolitan Trial Court/Municipal Trial Court in Cities.
4. THE CORRECTIONS (REHABILITATION). The functions of Corrections serve to rehabilitate and
neutralize the defiant behavior of adult criminals and juvenile delinquents. This component of the
criminal justice system faces a three-side task in carrying out the punishment imposed on the
convicted offender by the court: to deter, to inflict retribution, and to rehabilitate. The component of
corrections effectuate their functions through different programs, namely: Probation, commitment of an
institution and parole.
5. THE COMMUNITY. The community is the basic element and considered the fifth component of the
entire criminal justice system. The administration of criminal justice is not the exclusive responsibility of
the police, the prosecutors, the judges and the corrections personnel. Out of necessity, the criminal
justice system relies on citizen participation. Without the active participation of the members of the
community, the processes of the criminal justice system cannot operate. The police rely on the citizens
to report crimes and to assist them in the conduct of investigation. The prosecutors and the judge’s
depend on the citizens as witnesses in the prosecution of the offender. The correction staff trust them
to support community-based corrections programs.

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 COMMON CAUSES OF DRUG ABUSE

Drug abuse is both a serious national and international problem. Some of the causes are:

1. Membership in a “Barkada”. If the members of a barkade are drug addicts, any

incoming member will eventually become a drug addict too because of the influence of
the old members.
2. Overuse. A drug may be taken by a patient as a pain reliever but because of the constant
use, the patient becomes addicted to the drug.
3. Curiosity. Some persons, especially the young ones, are curious about the effects of a
drug and they experiment using it. Later, they become habituated to the use of the drug.
4. Frustration. Some persons who are highly frustrated may take drugs to lessen the impact
of their disappointment and depression. The frustration may be caused by broken homes,
parental problems, soured love affairs, failure to find a job, etc. Before it is too late, they
become addicted.
5. Victim of a pusher. Some persons ,especially women and children, become victims of a
pusher. THe pusher gives them food and drinks under the guise of friendship and
kindness until they become habituated to the drug.
6. Removal of Inhibition. Some persons may be inhibited to do something under their
normal consciousness; consequently, they take drugs to weaken the inhibition. Some
actors and actresses cannot act according to the demands of the scene and they take
drugs to be able to act accordingly. Some doctors cannot operate either unless they are
under the influence of a drug. Later, they become addicted.
7. Boredom. This is especially true with rich people who have high incomes from their
investments or inheritance. They do not need to work and are idle most of the time.
Because of idleness, they become bored and to lessen the boredom, they take drugs.
8. Ignorance. Ignorance of the evil effects of drugs may lead a person to take drugs to enjoy
the feeling of being “high” until he becomes addicted. This is especially true with people
of low level of education.
9. Easy access to drugs. When drugs are easily available, some people are tempted to try
taking them. Then they become addicted.
10. Influence of Mass Media. Young people blindly imitate what they see on television or in
the movies, especially if they have this misconception that using drugs is “cool” and part
of the rites of passage of every person.

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 You may be living in a farm, at the center of the town, or in a city. Is the place where you
live your community?

The passengers ona bus or a jeep, the men and women dancing in the hall, and the people
buying their needs in the market–do they make up a community?

Find out the answers to these questions by doing Reading 1

READING 1

MEANING OF COMMUNITY

A community may consist of only a few families. Their homes are built in a group. They
have many things in common. They know each other rather well, being neighbors. Many of
them go to the same church. They send their children to the same school. They work together to
improve the community.

Besides the people having things in common, a community occupies an area. In some
places a community can be called a nayon, and in others a neighborhood. It is smaller than a
purok, and much smaller than a barangay.

If you belong to a larger group of people who have common interests, such as the people
described above, you belong to a larger community. Maybe your community is a barangay.

When you grow older, you may identify yourself with your town. Then the town is your
community.

Going farther than the town, you may say that you belong to a country, as indeed you do.
Then the country is your community.

Communities have many things in common:

● All communities have people
● Communities occupy an area
● People in the community have common goals and interests

A subdivision, occupying a certain area with homes in it where people live, is also a
community. In almost all big cities, you may find subdivisions. Examples of subdivisions
include the Philamlife Homes in Quezon City, Xavier in Cagayan de Oro City, San Sebastian in
Tarlac, and Jungle Town in Baguio City.

34
 An industrial area where there are factories and homes and offices in the same general area can
also be a community. Examples of industrial areas are the Bataan Export Processing Zone in Bataan
Province, the Baguio Export Processing Zone in Baguio City, and the San Miguel Village in San
Fernando, Pampanga.

You will also find what are called compounds. These residential areas, with homes probably
owned by a family and relatives, are also communities. One example of a compound is the Madrigal
Compound on Roxas Boulevard, Manila. Other compounds are found in other towns and cities
throughout the country.

In some other areas you find other groups of people living and working together, perhaps under
an employer. Examples of these are the pineapple farmers and employees of the Philippine Packing
Corporation in Bukidnon Province and the sugarcane farmers and employees of Hacienda Luisita in
Tarlac Province.

At a hacienda the people have their homes, a school, a health clinic, a church, and stores. Their
community hall is used for general purposes like dancing, meetings, and parlor games.The Philippine
Packing Corporation employs hundreds of people to grow and pack pineapples for export and local
consumption. In one of their camps, Camp Philippis, the people have a school, a church, a hospital,
several stores, and a playground. In the smaller camps the people have basketball and volleyball courts
and community centers where they meet to discuss their common problems and projects. In many of
these camps there are string bands providing music for social events.

These are all examples of communities. Perhaps you know of other places where people live
together in the same residential areas. In large areas, these may be blocks. In rural areas these may be
puroks.

These communities are not political units. They may belong to barangays municipalities but they
are distinct groups because they have many things in common.

Questions for Discussion

1. Define a community in your own words.

2. Is your barangay a community? Explain.
3. What do you think would be the most important characteristic of a community? Explain.

Things to Do

1. In a group of 5’s, explore your community. Each group will be given an area(purok) to observe.
Consult your teacher for your assigned area. List down all the things that you have observed.
2. Interview some households to find out the activities that bind the people in the community.

35
READING 2
YOUR PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

Look around you. Do you live in a community near the sea? If so, you should have a beach
nearby. The beach is part of your physical environment. Maybe the mouth of a river is near your home.
There may be a road and bridge not too far away. There may be mountains and hills in the distance. And
there may be buildings of various types–residences, stores, a school, a warehouse, a government
building. All these are your physical environment.

Some parts of your physical environment are natural, meaning they were made by nature, like
beaches, mountains, and rivers. But others are made by men, like the houses, school, and government
buildings

.
Figure 1. Sketch map of a community

36
 Do you live at the foot of a mountain? There may be a forest not too far away. That, too, is part
of your environment. Maybe there is a spring nearby or a waterfall up in the hills. There are roads and
rails. These, too, are parts of your environment.

Do you live on a flat area, like those in Bulacan or in Panay or Davao? Maybe what you see is
flat ground, almost all of it planted to rice or corn. And maybe there are irrigation canals that feed the
crops with water.

Look at the accompanying sketch map in Figure 1. It represents a small community. Note the
natural and man-made surroundings: a flat area, a river crossing the community, a mountain, roads, and
a bridge across the river. There may be houses along the riverbanks, a schoolhouse, government
buildings, and a market.

Maybe your own community does not look like this. You may have something else that others do
not have, like a police outpost, a cemetery, a drugstore, or a doctor's clinic. These, too, are parts of the
physical environment in some communities.

Questions for Discussion

1. What is the importance to you of knowing the physical environment of your community?
2. How do you think does the physical environment affect the life in the community?

Things to Do

1. Study the map of your community.

a. Describe its location.
b. Point out the important landmarks in the community.
c. Identify the resources in the community.
2. Find out which area in the community is the most populated. Which is least populated? Mark
these areas on the map. Give some possible reasons why these areas are thickly populated or
thinly populated.

Going further than being familiar with the community and its environs is the need to know the
beginning of one’s community. A short history of a community starts by describing its location. Then it
tells when it started. It names the founder or founders of the community if they are known. Then it gives
the changes that have taken place since its beginning. The changes could be in population, roads, an
buildings. Sometimes the leaders of the community are mentioned. The history ends by telling what the
community is like today.

The next reading gives you a model of a history of a community.

37
READING 3

THE ORIGIN OF DAVAO

The name Davao has many interesting meanings. Folk tales about Davao are too many. The
origin of the name Davao is more of folklore than fact.

Davao is said to have derived its name from the word Daba-daba, a region of flames or fire as
recorded in the books of the early Jesuit priests. Some sources say this word is of Bagobo origin which
is the name of the sacred brush that belonged to the chieftain of the early Bagobos named Datu Duli who
lived in the rolling hills of Sandawa Mountain. As time went on, Daba-daba was shortened to Dava and
the letter o was added to become Davao.

Some say Davao was derived from the name of a Manobo rebel named Dabaw. Others maintain
that the name was derived from the word dabahan, a big basin used for laundry by the natives. Still
another derivation of the name was from the word daba meaning earthen pot or palayok which the early
natives mae as their means of livelihood. When mountain dwellers got down to the lowlands, the first
thing they looked for and bought was the daba.

But many native Dabawenyos prefer the believe that Davao derived its name from the great river
which the early Tagabawa tribe called Dabu. The Guiangans called this river Duhwow, and the Obos,
Davoh. Later, the three names given to the river by these early natives were incorporated into what is
now Davao.

Davao, in tis early beginnings was peopled by different races and groups from different regions
and countries. The waves of migration into the Philippines from the Asian countries of Borneo,
Malaysia, Indonesia, and Persia via Celebes Sea first landed in Mindanao, then pushed their explorations
toward the North. On their way, some of them probably weary and tired from the voyage, settled and
lived in Sarangani Island, then later found their way to what is now Davao. From these migrations in
history came the aboriginal/ethnic tribes. These ethnic indigenous groups are of varied cultures and
racial types. The major indigenous tribes that compose the natives of Davao are the Bagobos, Bilaans,
Mandayas, Guiangans, Mansaka, Manobo or Manuba, Tagacaolos, and the aboriginal Atas who live in
the “heights.” These indigenous ethnic groups were forced later to move to the hinterlands to give way
to a new wave of migrants, the Maguindanaoans from Cotabato, Zamboanga, and Jolo. The Atas or the
dark-skinned short people were pushed inland to the foothills of the mountain like Mt. Apo.

The Muslim Maguindanaoans came originally to settle but the majority of them did business as
they were by nature traders and merchants. These Moros (as the Muslims were called then) became the
settlers at the banks of Tagloc River (as called by the early natives) led by Datu Bago, their chieftain.
Bago lorded the place from 1830 to 1847.

38
 Next to the Muslims came the Hindus and the Arabian-Persians and then the Chinese. The
Chinese and the Indians (Hindus and Bombays) made up the biggest groups of foreigners then.

The Europeans arrived when Jose Oyanguren came to conquer Davao for the Spanish
government. He brought with him his Spanish soldiers and their families. Some native volunteer soldiers
from Caraga and Surigao who were Christian converts joined Oyanguren in the expedition to Davao.

After the Spaniards, the next to arrive in Davao were the Americans who were soldiers
discharged after the Spanish-American War and who later became plantation owners, the Americans
who were members of the first Survey Mission in 1902, the American commanders of military units sent
to maintain peace, the Japanese laborers who were recruited to work in the plantations of the American
and Filipino hacenderos, and the adventurous Christian Filipinos from Luzon and the Visayas.

The well-known pioneer migrants from Luzon and Visayas were those who came in the late
1800s as political refugees and in the early 1900s as professionals, government officials and employees,
homesteaders, and even plain job-seekers who later became businessmen and hacenderos.

Life then in Davao was very simple. There was peace all around. The people lived mainly by
farming, weaving sinamay, stripping abaca, making copra, and fishing.

The late 1930s marked the coming to Davao City of a group of young teachers, fresh graduates
of the Zamboanga Normal School, who were recruited by Superintendent of Schools John Stumbo to
teach in Davao.

In 1937, the capital town of Davao was converted into a chartered city, now the City of Davao.
Davao City as it is known today was once a part of Davao province before it was divided into three
provinces in 1967.

Davao City’s onward march to progress took place after the Liberation Period. The principal
industries were logging, copra, banana, corn, abaca, ramie, mining, and fishing. When the logging
industry declined, next to flourish was the banana industry. The coconut industry emerged as the
Philippines’ biggest dollar earner after the Second World War.

Soon after the liberation of Davao City from the Japanese, the city government was
reestablished, with Atty. Leon Garcia, Sr. being appointed as mayor. This period saw the unprecedented
influx of people in this city. Among the more prominent migrants in the 1950s and 1960s were the
business tycoons Alcantara, Almendras, Angala, Dakudao, Dizon, Floirendo, Maglana, Pamintuan,
Robillo, Santos, and Sarmiento. This was the period of the logging industry. The banana and pineapple
industries boomed later in the 1960s.

39
READING 4

THE LUTAYAN SETTLEMENT

Lutayan settlement is located at the periphery of the Bulacan Lake covering 2,000 hectares of
fertile agricultural land and 9 hectares of residential area. It is 4 kilometers away from the Lutayan
municipality proper and 16 kilometers from the municipality of Koronadal, South Cotabato. The
settlement’s population is composed of 7,308 persons or 802 families. The average family size is 9.

The settlers are 99% Muslims and 1% Christians. Most of them were either former evacuees who
were victims of the social conflict, and rebel returnees. They were resettled by the National
Coordinating Council (NCC) with other agencies in the local level pursuant to PMO 516. Eighty-nine
families were provided with individual nipa huts ina 150 sq. metre lot. Other families who were not
included in the housing project built their own shacks near the banks for the Buluan Lake and the market
site. Their shacks are mostly dilapidated and a one-room affair, lacking in household fixtures. They have
filthy surroundings as the water remains stagnant because of poor drainage.

Gastro-enteritis and malaria are prevalent. These diseases have been attributed to lack of sanitary
toilets and poor health habits of the settlers. Malaria is attributed to the mosquitoes that abound at the
Buluan Lake and the stagnant waters in the settlement.

Of the 7,308 population, 2,000 are pre-schoolers. However only 36 of these preschoolers were
found to be malnourished. Many of these children could be seen naked and unattended to. It was
gathered from the midwife that the settlement has an average of 10 babies born each month.

Many residents, especially the women, were seen idle. There are not many job opportunities in
the settlement.

The average educational level of the residents is grade 4. Communicating with the people is a
problem as they are wary and uncommunicative. A community organization worker who can speak the
local dialect could be effective in working with the Lutayan settlers.

Questions for Discussion

1. Describe the population of Lutayan in terms of:

a. Family size
b. Age
c. Educational level
d. Level of health and nutrition
e. Level of employment
f. Socio-economic status
2. Explain how each of the characteristics listed above could influence the progress of Lutayan.

40
Things to Do

1. Form a group of 4-5 members. Conduct a mini survey of an area in your community. Your
assigned area will be designated by your teacher. Find out the following:
a. Age composition of the population
0-5 years old -
6-21 years old -
22-65 years old -
66 and above -
b. Family size (number of family members)
c. Sex
Male -
Female -
d. Level of education
No formal schooling -
With some elementary education -
Elementary graduate -
High school education -
College education -
College graduate -
e. Employment
Employed -
Unemployed -
f. Civil status
Single -
Married -
Separated -
Widowed -
g. Religion
Catholic -
Protestant -
Muslim -
Others -
2. Present your data in class. Combine these with what the other groups have found in order to form
a complete picture of the population. Draw implications from the data (example: big family size
may mean many children be sent to school.)

The people can be mobilized to develop their community through community organizations. The
next reading discusses the importance of community organizations.

41
READING 5

MOBILIZING THE PEOPLE THROUGH COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS

Community organizations as defined by Murray Ross is a process of identifying problems and

needs, prioritizing them, formulating solutions in solving problems/attaining needs and implementing
them through cooperative and collaborative efforts which result to improved capacity in community
problem-solving process and community integration.

Through community organization, people are helped to deal more effectively with their
problems, needs, and aspirations by helping them develop, strengthen and maintain qualities of
participation, self-direction, cooperation, and integration of efforts.

PHILOSOPHY OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION

Community organization is anchored on the following philosophy: “Acceptance of the right of

the community to decide what it wants rather than having the organizer’s views imposed upon it, belief
on the capability of the people to find richer and more satisfying ways in living if they are helped to use
the resources within themselves and their environment which are and could be made available to them.”

FOCUS OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION

Community organization is focused on the following:

“Removal of blocks to growth.”

Identified blocks to growth are ignorance, negative values such as bahala na, ningas cogon, and
mañana habit, exploitation of the weak and ignorant and some oppressive social structures.

“The release of potentialities in the individual, group and community as a whole.”

This can be achieved through people’s participation in community activities, projects and
especially in the problem-solving and decision-making process. The people have also to be recipients of
training programs like leadership training, seminars on cooperatives, nutrition, primary health care,
livelihood programs, skills training, disaster preparedness, etc.

“The development of the capacity of indigenous leaders to lead, to manage and function in their
assigned social roles in the community.”

Indigenous leaders’ capacity to lead can be further developed if given important and challenging
roles as committee chairman or in taking charge of a community activity or project. They should be
given wide latitude in making decisions and the proper orientation and training for their assigned role.
Learning by doing is an effective method of developing the leadership potentials of an individual.
42
 “Developing the ability of different sectors in the community to function as an integrated whole.”

This can be done if all sectoral plans and activities are integrated in one community plan and
when the implementation of said plans and activities are done through the cooperative and collaborative
efforts of the different sectors involved in planning with the people. Thus the plan of the government
sector, the private sector, (NGOs, civic and business organizations) and the religious sector need to be
integrated into one community plan to avoid competition and duplication of services and activities
involving the same target client system.

“Strengthening people’s capacity for problem-solving, decision making, and cooperation.”

The people should not be mere recipients of development efforts. They should be involved in
planning activities that affect their lives from problem/need identification, planning for their solutions,
analyzing their identified problems/needs, implementing said plans and in monitoring and evaluating
their implementation. People’s participation in these community activities would develop and enhance
their capacity to solve their problems and meet their needs in a cooperative manner.

“The full use of inner/indigenous resources before tapping external resources.”

A self-reliant and self-managed community is the primary goal of community organization. Thus
the people should learn to tap and make full use of their own resources before tapping external
resources. A community no matter how depressed, has its own resources to tap such as human resources
and natural resources like spring for water supply, raw materials such as forest products like rattan, nito,
wild fruits, wild honey, marine products, clay, etc. The value of self-reliance needs to be inculcated as
dependence on other resources stunts growth and only delays the community’s development.

PURPOSES OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION

The purposes of community organization are the following:

1. To solve certain problems and meet needs.

2. To achieve selected social goals.

3. To strengthen people’s capacity in dealing with their problems, needs and aspirations.

43
 Through organized efforts, community organization aims to solve certain problems that the
people consider of great priority or attain their community’s pressing needs and aspirations. It may be
their problems on housing, drug abuse, street children, on crimes and juvenile delinquency or the need
for the water supply system, primary health care, etc. The organized efforts may be composed of a
neighborhood welfare council, ad hoc committee, task force wherein the government, the private and
religious sectors are represented, committee, study group and the development council, depending on the
kind of problems/needs to be solved or met. The community organization worker is therefore required to
possess skills in organizing, coordinating, and inter-group relationship, if he/she has to effectively enable
the people to solve certain problems and needs with their active participation.

The community worker is expected to help the community to achieve some social goals and
objectives. It may be their aspirations for a better life through ownership of the land they till as tenants
or the electrification of their community to boost economic productivity. In this case the community
organization worker needs to act as broker with the landlord, the Department of Agrarian Reform and
the Department of Energy to help them attain their aspirations. He/she may also organize the people for
cooperative projects such as Consumers’ Cooperative, Credit Cooperative, and Cooperative Marketing.

Strengthening the people’s capacity in dealing with their problems, needs and aspirations would
require adequate training through relevant seminars and on-the-job training. Thus they should be
allowed to determine what their priority problems/needs and enunciate their own aspirations. They
should also be allowed to plan the solutions to their own problems and needs and implement these plans
themselves with the guidance/assistance of the community organization worker. In this way, they
acquire the capacity to deal with their own problems/needs and enable them to become a self-reliant and
self-managed community.

Questions for Discussion

1. What could be the role of a community organization in the community?
2. How can a community organization be of service to the community?
3. How can a community organization succeed in developing the community?

Things to Do
1. Find out from the barangay chairman the community organizations that are operating in the
community.
2. In a group of five, observe the activities of a community organization. Comment on the
importance of the projects being undertaken by the community organization.
3. Interview some people in the community who are being affected by the said projects. Ask them
about their feelings and reactions to: a) the projects, and b) the community organization itself.

The community organization in the barangay is usually formed in response to problems in the
community. You will have a better understanding of the importance of community organization when
you look at the problems of the community. The next reading will expose you to some of these
problems. Examine if you encounter similar problems in your community.

44
READING 6

COMMUNITY PROBLEMS

Being a part of the community, you cannot help but be involved in its problems. Here are some
problems that you will likely encounter.

You see that the roads in your community are in bad shape. Holes are here and there, rocks are
coming out of the surface, and parts of the road are underwater during the rainy season.

You also see unsanitary surroundings. People dump their garbage anywhere on the road or on
street corners and the waste is not collected. Hundreds of flies swarm in garbage heap. A dead cat, dog,
or pig is rotting on the ground.

Public buildings, including your school, may look shabby. The paint is peeling off and mud has
been splashed on the walls by some school boys. There is writing on the walls and on the desks or
chairs. Many of the houses need repair.

Branches that have been cut off from big trees lie around. Dead branches of trees have not been
cut off. Banana trunks lie on the roadside, in canals, or in ditches. Empty milk cans and beer bottles are
scattered all about.

What do you feel when you see conditions like those described above? No doubt you feel
unhappy. Or maybe you are embarrassed to have dirty surroundings like these. If visitors come to your
community, would you be proud to show them such disorder and dirt?

You belong to your community. Though you are only a high school student you belong to it just
the same. Conditions like those described above show the character of some people in your community.
Their character does not speak well of your community.

Questions for Discussion

1. What are the problems identified in the reading?
2. What do you think are the causes of these problems?
3. How do you think can these problems be solved?

Things to Do
1. Form a group and do a survey of problems in the community. You may observe the community
or interview people about these problems.
2. Find out the possible causes of these problems.
3. Recommend solutions to these problems.

In response to the problems, the community undertakes programs and projects. Some common
programs are presented in the next reading.
45
READING 7

BARANGAY PROGRAMS

The barangays are required by law to carry out programs which will address some problems and
stimulate the development of the community. The Local Government Code lists the following programs
as having been delegated to the barangays:

1. Peace and Order Program

2. Disaster Preparedness
3. Youth Development Program
4. Barangay Justice Program
5. Codification of Ordinances
6. Barangay Assembly
7. Training Programs

PEACE AND ORDER PROGRAM

In any community life, peace and order is given prior importance. Without peace and order,
community life is disrupted. All plans and efforts for development will also be at a standstill. Thus the
barangays are mandated to have their own security measures. They are to organize a Tanod Brigade to
keep peace and order in the community.

The Tanod Brigade is to act as security officers of the barangay. They are expected to maintain
peace and order in the community and police its boundaries from the entry of lawless elements.

In case of community disturbance, the Tanod is expected to investigate and quell that disturbance. If the
disturbance is in violation of existing laws and ordinances the Tanod refers the case to the Police or
Barangay Captain for the corresponding appropriate action. There could be other security measures or
ways of maintaining peace and order besides organizing a Tanod Brigade.

The citizens of the community/brigade should also be given orientation on how they can help
prevent crimes and disorder in their respective vicinity.

YOUTH DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

The Local Government Code created a Youth Council in every barangay. It has been given the
responsibility to “initiate programs designed to enhance the social, political, economic, cultural,
intellectual, moral, spiritual, and physical development” of the barangay youths. To carry out its
mandate, the Youth Council is authorized to create such bodies or committees to implement programs
and activities they deem necessary to carry out the objectives of the youth in the barangay and hold
fund-raising activities to finance their projects and activities.

46
BARANGAY JUSTICE PROGRAM

Section 1 of P.D. No. 1508 created in each barangay a Pupong Tagapayapa or Lupon composed
of the Barangay Captain as Chairman and not less than ten and not more than twenty members to be
constituted every two years to settle amicably disputes among family and barangay members without
judicial recourse in order to promote the speedy administration of justice and in the process preserve and
develop Filipino culture and the strengthening of the family as a basic social institution.

Said barangay system of justice also aims to prevent the congestion of court cases thus helping
the courts in administering justice. It is also designed to preserve the Filipino tradition of settling
disputes amicably. Can the Lupon settle all types of disputes? No, the Lupon cannot settle the following
disputes:

1. Where one part involves the government of any subdivision or instrumentality thereof;
2. Where one party is a public officer or employee and the dispute relates to the performance of his
official functions;
3. Offenses punishable by imprisonment exceeding 30 days or a fine exceeding P200.00;
4. Offenses where there is no offended private party;
5. Disputes involving parties who actually reside in barangays of different cities/municipalities
except where each barangay adjoin each other;
6. Cases involving real property located in different municipalities.

CODIFICATION OF ORDINANCES

Codification is the process of collecting and systematizing all passed Ordinances through
classification and integrating similar measures, updating those that need modification and setting aside
those that are no longer relevant. The purpose is to come up with a code for reference and proper
implementation. The process of codification would also enable the barangay officials to identify gaps
and weaknesses in their legislative duties. This insight would help them improve the quality of their
future legislative work. The process would also enable them to enact measures that are still wanting and
relevant to the contemporary community life.

BARANGAY ASSEMBLY

Pursuant to the Local Government Code, “the Barangay Assembly shall be composed of all
persons who are actual residents of the barangay for at least six (6) months, who are fifteen (15) years of
age and over, are citizens of the Philippines and duly registered in the list of barangay assembly
members kept by the barangay secretary.”

47
 The Barangay Assembly is to meet at least twice a year to hear and discuss the semestral report
of the Sangguniang Barangay concerning its activities and finances.

It has also powers “to initiate legislative processes by recommending to the Sangguniang
Barangay the adoption of measures for the welfare of the barangay; decide on adopting the process of
initiative on questions and issues presented therein; and hear and pass upon the semestral report of the
Sangguniang Barangay covering its activities and finances.”

TRAINING PROGRAMS

Barangay leaders should learn to identify their own training needs and immediately seek the
appropriate resource agency or trainor from government or private sector to provide them their needed
training with the assistance of the barangay worker.

Trainings usually needed by the barangay leaders are in the following areas:
1. Administration and management
2. Parliamentary procedures in holding/presiding over barangay sessions/meetings
3. Development planning, policy formulation, decision-making, monitoring and evaluation of plans
and projects
4. Disaster preparedness
5. Barangay Justice Administration

The barangay residents should also be given the opportunity to attend training programs for their
welfare and enhancement. THe following trainings are suggested:

1. Adult education
2. Value formation and spiritual enhancement for the children and youth
3. Drug abuse seminars
4. Leadership
5. Family life education
6. Food preservation
7. Fish culture
8. Cottage industries
9. Cooperatives
10. Vocational skills training
11. Seminars on primary health care and nutrition
12. Herbal medicine

Questions for Discussion

1. What problems are being addressed by each of the programs presented in the reading? Fill in the
chart on the next page.

48
READING 8

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Development means positive change and growth in an individual’s and community’s life and the
capacity of people for participation, self-direction and integrated effort in community affairs. It is
performed by people living in the community .It is executed through self-help voluntary participation,
self-direction and cooperation of the people with technical assistance from government and pirate
agencies as well as individuals. Community development is concerned with all the people of the
community rather than just a segment of the population: total community life and needs rather than just
one aspect of community life.

Planning for community development involves a systematic procedure in preparing activities to

achieve a desired goal taking into consideration available resources, time, and efforts need.

A development plan consists of the following:

A. Definition and analysis of the problem

Example:
The lack of peace and order refers to a condition where people feel insecure about
their life and property because of the threat of war and conflict. Peace and order
problem in the community stems from the lack of education and employment
opportunities of the people.

B. Objectives
Example:
To give scholarships to 10% of elementary pupils yearly.
To generate employment for 20% of community members aged 20-50 years.

C. Programs and Services

Example:
Scholarships for 10% of elementary pupils in the barangay.
Livelihood projects for 20% of members aged 20-50 years.

D. Implementation
Example:
A committee will be organized to screen potential scholars.
Qualified barangay members will be given livelihood skills training.

49
 E. Monitoring and Evaluation
Example:
The performance of scholars will be evaluated based on their report cards. Only
those whose general average is at least 80% will continue to be given
scholarships.
The number of those who underwent training and those who are actually
employed will be monitored.

The development plan when implemented well will enable the community to solve its problems
and prevent them from resurfacing in the future.

Questions for Discussion

1. Would you consider a community development plan important? Why?

2. What do you see would be your role in a community development plan?
3. What do you think is the role of the other members of the barangay in the community
development plan?

Things to Do

1. In coordination with your teacher, invite your barangay chairman or any barangay official for a
presentation in class of the community development plan. Prepare questions for discussion.
2. Give your comments about your community development plan.
3. Identify those areas in the plan where you think you can contribute.

There are many ways by which young people like you can serve your community .Turn to the
next reading to find out how.

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READING 9

WHAT YOU CAN DO TO HELP IMPROVE YOUR COMMUNITY

You can serve your community at the individual and group levels.

Individually, there are things that you can do on your own. For example, a student living in a
rural area, submitted the following list of “small things” that he thinks he can do:

1. I can plant fruit trees around my house. I will water them during the dry season and protect them
from animals and children;\

2. I can keep our pigs in their pens so that they will not wander around;

3. I can trim the grass and clean the yard when I am not busy with my school work;

4. I can keep my surroundings at home as neat and clean as I can; make my bed or fold any mat and
blanket when I get up, and put my books, notebooks, shoes, and slippers in their proper places;

5. I can put away dirty clothes, socks, towels, combs, toothbrush, and toothpaste where they
belong;

6. I can help scrub the floor, dust the furniture, and bury or burn trash and garbage; and

7. I can keep myself neat and clean even if I have only a few clothes.

For her part, a girl who lives in an urban residential area, submitted the following:

1. I will dispose of our garbage in the proper place. I will not dump garbage in my neighbor’s yard;

2. I will keep the sidewalk in front of my house free from trash and dirty water;

3. I will not make too much noise by not turning on my radio very loud so as not to disturb my
neighbors;

4. I will keep the space in our house assigned to me as neat and clean as I can.

At the group level, you and your classmates can work together to serve your community.

One way is to talk to your teacher and organize cleanliness “squad”.Each squad is composed of
several boys and girls - say eight - and they work together. One squad for example, could be a
“Sanitation Squad”. Its principal job is to help clean the streets, the canals, the sidewalks, etc.

51
 Another squad could be the “Neatness Squad”. Its members look around for broken fences, ugly
tree stumps, rock on the road, empty bottles and cans, used straws, plastic bags, and other things that
make the community untidy. This squad picks up these ugly things and takes them away..

A third squad could be a “Cover the Holes Squad”. As its name indicates, the members cover
ugly holes on the road. It would be nice to see a group of high school students working with shovels and
pushing wheelbarrows full of sand or gravel.

Can you think of other squads? Here are a few more.

● Squad for the Protection of Trees

● Squad for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
● Squad to Assist in Traffic Control in Front of the School
● Squad to Help Little Children Cross the Street

If you do not like the word squad because it sounds military, use another word.
Examples: team, group, barkada, and other names that mean cooperation, working together, and
volunteer work.

Questions for Discussion

1. Why is it important for you to serve your community?

2. How can you encourage others in the community to do their role?

Things to Do

1. List 3 things, in the order of importance, that you commit yourself to do for your community?
2. Form a small group and talk about what you can do together to serve your community.

52
 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
Congress of the Philippines
Metro Manila
Fourteenth Congress

Third Regular Session

Begun and held in Metro Manila, on Monday, the twenty-seventh day of July, two thousand nine.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10066

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION OF THE NATIONAL

CULTURAL HERITAGE, STRENGTHENING THE NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR CULTURE AND
THE ARTS (NCCA) AND ITS AFFILIATED CULTURAL AGENCIES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:

Section 1. Short Title. - This Act shall be known as the "National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009".

ARTICLE I
POLICIES AND PRINCIPLES

Section 2. Declaration of Principles and Policies. - Sections 14, 15, 16 and 17, Article XIV of the 1987
Constitution declare that the State shall foster the preservation, enrichment and dynamic evolution of a
Filipino culture based on the principle of unity in diversity in a climate of free artistic and intellectual
expression. The Constitution likewise mandates the State to conserve, develop, promote and
popularize the nation's historical and cultural heritage and resources, as well as artistic creations. It
further provides that all the country's artistic and historic wealth constitutes the cultural treasure of the
nation and shall be under the protection of the State, which may regulate its disposition.

In the pursuit of cultural preservation as a strategy for maintaining Filipino identity, this Act shall pursue
the following objectives:

(a)Protect, preserve, conserve and promote the nation's cultural heritage, its property and
histories, and the ethnicity of local communities;

(b)Establish and strengthen cultural institutions; and

(c)Protect cultural workers and ensure their professional development and well-being.

The State shall likewise endeavor to create a balanced atmosphere where the historic past coexists in
harmony with modern society. It shall approach the problem of conservation in an integrated and
holistic manner, cutting across all relevant disciplines and technologies. The State shall further
administer the heritage resources in a spirit of stewardship for the inspiration and benefit of the present
and future generations.

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 ARTICLE II
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Section 3. Definition of Terms. - For purposes of this Act, the following terms shall be defined as
follows:

(a) "Adaptive reuse" shall refer to the utilization of buildings, other built-structures and sites of
value for purposes other than that for which they were intended originally, in order to conserve
the site, their engineering integrity and authenticity of design.

(b) "Anthropological area" shall refer to any place where studies of specific ethno-linguistic
groups are undertaken, the properties of which are of value to our cultural heritage.

(c) "Antique" shall refer to a cultural property found locally which is one hundred (100) years in
age, more or less, the production of which has ceased.

(d) "Archaeological area" shall refer to any place, whether above or under ground, underwater
or at sea level, containing fossils, artifacts and other cultural, geological, botanical, zoological
materials which depict and document culturally relevant paleontological, prehistoric and/or
historic events.

(e) "Archives" shall refer to public and private records in any format which have been selected
for permanent preservation because of their evidential, historical informational value; otherwise
known as archival materials collections or archival holdings; the place (building/room/storage
area) where archival materials are kept and preserved; and an organization or agency or part
thereof whose main responsibility is to appraise, arrange, describe, conserve, promote and
make archival materials available for reference and research, also known as archival agency.

(f) "Built heritage" shall refer to architectural and engineering structures such as, but not limited
to, bridges, government buildings, houses of ancestry, traditional dwellings, quartels, train
stations, lighthouses, small ports, educational, technological and industrial complexes, and their
settings, and landscapes with notable historical and cultural significance.

(g) "Collector" shall refer to any person who or institution that acquires cultural property for
purposes other than sale.

(h) "Commission" shall refer to the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA).

(i) "Conservation" shall refer to all the processes and measures of maintaining the cultural
significance of a cultural property including, but not limited to, preservation, restoration,
reconstruction, protection, adaptation or any combination thereof.

(j) "Cultural agencies" shall refer to the following national government agencies with their
specific areas of responsibility: National Museum (cultural property); the National Library
(books); National Historical Institute (Philippine history); National Archives (documents); Cultural
Center of the Philippines (culture and the arts); and Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (language).

(k) "Cultural education" shall refer to the teaching and learning of cultural concepts and
processes.

54
(l) "Cultural heritage" shall refer to the totality of cultural property preserved and developed
through time and passed on to posterity.

(m) "Cultural heritage worker" shall refer to an individual undertaking cultural heritage work.

(n) "Cultural institution" shall refer to entities engaged primarily in cultural work.

(o) "Cultural property" shall refer to all products of human creativity by which a people and a
nation reveal their identity, including churches, mosques and other places of religious worship,
schools and natural history specimens and sites, whether public or privately-owned, movable or
immovable, and tangible or intangible.

(p) "Dealers" shall refer to natural or juridical persons who acquire cultural property for the
purpose of engaging in the acquisition and disposition of the same.

(q) "Heritage zone" shall refer to historical, anthropological, archaeological, artistic geographical
areas and settings that are culturally significant to the country, as declared hy the National
Museum and/or the National Historical Institute.

(r) "History" shall refer to a written record of past events relating to Philippine history.

(s) "Historical landmarks" shall refer to sites or structures that are associated with events or
achievements significant to Philippine history as declared by the National Historical Institute.

(t) "Historical monuments" shall refer to structures that honor illustrious persons or
commemorate events of historical value as declared by the National Historical Institute.

(u) "Historical shrines" shall refer to historical sites or structures hallowed and revered for their
history or association as declared by the National Historical Institute.

(v) "Historical street name" shall refer to a street name which has been in existence for at least
fifty (50) years and over time has been considered historic.

(w) "Important cultural property" shall refer to a cultural property having exceptional cultural,
artistic and historical significance to the Philippines, as shall be determined by the National
Museum and/or National Historical Institute.

(x) "Intangible cultural heritage" shall refer to the practices, representations, expressions,
knowledge and skills, as well as the instruments, objects and artifacts associated therewith, that
communities, groups and individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage, such as: (1) oral
traditions, languages and expressions; (2) performing arts; (3) social practices, rituals and
festive events; (4) knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe; and (5)
traditional craftsmanship.

(y) "Intangible cultural property" shall refer to the peoples' learned processes along with the
knowledge, skills and creativity that inform and are developed by them, the products they create
and the resources, spaces and other aspects of social and natural context necessary for their
sustainability.

55
 (z) "Library" shall refer to an institution where the collection of books, manuscripts, computerized
information and other materials are organized to provide physical, bibliographic and/or
intellectual access to the public, with a librarian that is trained to provide services and programs
related to the information needs of its clientele.

(aa) "Museum" shall refer to a permanent institution that researches, acquires, conserves,
communicates and exhibits the material evidence of humans and their environment for
purposes of education or leisure.

(bb) "National cultural treasure" shall refer to a unique cultural property found locally, possessing
outstanding historical, cultural, artistic and/or scientific value which is highly significant and
important to the country and nation, and officially declared as such by pertinent cultural agency.

(cc) "Nationally significant" shall refer to historical, aesthetic, scientific, technical, social and/or
spiritual values that unify the nation by a deep sense of pride in their various yet common
identities, cultural heritage and national patrimony.

(dd) "Natural property of cultural significance" shall refer to areas possessing outstanding
ecosystem with flora and fauna of national scientific importance under the National Integrated
Protected Areas System.

(ee) "NCCA Portal Cultural Databank" refers to the specific domain in the Commission's intranet
for cultural information that is accessed only internally with control and confidentiality. It includes
the registry of national cultural property.

(ff) "Prehistory" shall refer to the period of human history before the introduction of the forms of
writing.

(gg) "Registry" shall refer to the Philippine Registry of Cultural Property which is the registry of
all cultural property of the country deemed of significant importance to our cultural heritage.

(hh) "Restoration" shall refer to the action taken or the technical intervention to correct
deterioration and alterations.

(ii) "Tangible cultural property" shall refer to a cultural property with historical, archival,
anthropological, archaeological, artistic and architectural value, and with exceptional or
traditional production, whether of Philippine origin or not, including antiques and natural history
specimens with significant value.

ARTICLE III
CULTURAL PROPERTY

Section 4. Categories. - The cultural property of the country shall be categorized as follows:

(a)National cultural treasures;

(b)Important cultural property;

(c)World heritage sites;

56
 (d)National historical shrine;

(e)National historical monument; and

(f)National historical landmark.

Section 5. Cultural Property Considered Important Cultural Property. - For purposes of protecting a
cultural property against exportation, modification or demolition, the following works shall be considered
important cultural property, unless declared otherwise by the pertinent cultural agency:

Unless declared by the Commission,

(a)Works by a Manlilikha ng Bayan;

(b)Works by a National Artist;

Unless declared by the National Museum,

(c)Archaeological and traditional ethnographic materials;

Unless declared by the National Historical Institute,

(d)Works of national heroes;

(e)Marked structure;

(f)Structures dating at least fifty (50) years old; and

Unless declared by the National Archives,

(g)Archival material/document dating at least fifty (50) years old.

The property owner may petition the appropriate cultural agency to remove the presumption of
important cultural property which shall not be unreasonably withheld.

Section 6. World Heritage Sites. - The appropriate cultural agency shall closely collaborate with the
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) National Commission of the
Philippines in ensuring the conservation and management of world heritage sites, of cultural and mixed
sites category, in the Philippines.

Section 7. Privileges for Cultural Property. - All cultural properties declared as national cultural
treasures and national historical landmarks, sites or monuments shall be entitled to the following
privileges:

(a)Priority government funding for protection, conservation and restoration;

(b)Incentive for private support of conservation and restoration through the Commission's
Conservation Incentive Program for national cultural treasures;

(c)An official heritage marker placed by the cultural agency concerned indicating that the
immovable cultural property has been identified as national cultural treasures and/or national
historical landmarks, sites or monuments; and
57
 (d)In times of armed conflict, natural disasters and other exceptional events that endanger the
cultural heritage of the country, all national cultural treasures or national historical landmarks,
sites or monuments shall be given priority protection by the government.

All cultural properties declared as important cultural property may also receive government
funding for its protection, conservation and restoration. An official heritage marker shall likewise
be placed on an immovable cultural property to identify the same as important cultural property.

Section 8. Procedure for Declaration, or Delisting of National Cultural Treasures or Important Cultural
Property. - The procedure in declaring as well as in delisting a national cultural property or an important
cultural property shall be as follows:

(a)A declaration or a delisting of a cultural property as a national cultural treasure or an

important cultural property shall commence upon the filing of a petition by the owner,
stakeholder or any interested person, with the Commission, which shall refer the matter to the
appropriate cultural agency;

(b)Upon verification of the suitability of the property as a national cultural treasure or an

important cultural property, the cultural agency concerned shall send notice of hearing to the
owner and stakeholders. Stakeholders including, but not limited to, local government units, local
culture and arts council, local tourism councils, non governmental conservation organizations,
and schools, may be allowed to file their support or opposition to the petition;

(c)The owner and/or other stakeholders shall file their position paper within fifteen (15) days
from receipt of the notice of hearing, furnishing all the parties, including the appropriate cultural
agency, with such position paper. Extensions may be allowed, but in no case shall it exceed
more than thirty (30) days;

(d)The petitioner/stakeholder shall give their answer within fifteen (15) days upon receipt of any
position paper. Thereafter, no further submissions shall be allowed; and

(e)The appropriate cultural agency shall have a maximum of ninety (90) days from the deadline
of the submission of all the answers within which to submit its resolution and render its decision
on the application.

Section 9. Right of First Refusal on the Sale of National Cultural Treasures. - The appropriate cultural
agency shall be given the right of first refusal in the purchase of cultural properties declared as national
cultural property. Prior to the finality of the sale, the appropriate cultural agency may likewise match any
offer made for the purchase of national cultural property.

Section 10. Licensing of Dealers of Cultural Property. - All dealers of cultural property shall secure a
license to operate as such from the appropriate cultural agency concerned. They shall submit a
quarterly inventory of items carried which shall include a history of each item. Failure to submit two (2)
consecutive inventories shall be a ground for cancellation of the license. All dealers of cultural property
shall be subject to inspection by the concerned cultural agencies.

The cultural agencies may charge and collect fees for registration as well as for licenses, inspections,
certifications, authorizations and permits that they issue and undertake in connection with the

58
implementation of this Act. Funds generated from these collections by cultural agencies shall be
retained by the cultural agency concerned for its operations.

Section 11. Dealings of Cultural Property. - No cultural property shall be sold, resold or taken out of the
country without first securing a clearance from the cultural agency concerned. In case the property shall
be taken out of the country, it shall solely be for the purpose of scientific scrutiny or exhibit.

ARTICLE IV
HERITAGE ZONES

Section 12. Designation of Heritage Zones. - The National Historical Institute and the National
Museum, in consultation with the Commission and the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board or
other concerned agencies, shall designate heritage zones to protect the historical and cultural integrity
of a geographical area.

Section 13. Maintenance of Heritage Zones. - A heritage zone shall be maintained by the local
government unit concerned, in accordance with the following guidelines:

(a)Implementation of adaptive reuse of cultural property;

(b)Appearance of streets, parks, monuments, buildings, and natural bodies of water, canals,
paths and barangays within a locality shall be maintained as close to their appearance at the
time the area was of most importance to Philippine history as determined by the National
Historical Institute; and

(c)Local government units shall document and sustain all sociocultural practices such as, but
not limited to, traditional celebrations, historical battles, recreation of customs, and the
reenactment of battles and other local customs that are unique to a locality.

ARTICLE V
REGISTRATION AND CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY

Section 14. Establishment of a Philippine Registry of Cultural Property. - All cultural properties of the
country deemed important to cultural heritage shall be registered in the Philippine Registry of Cultural
Property.

The Commission, through the appropriate cultural agencies and local government units, shall establish
and maintain this Registry within three (3) years from the effectivity of this Act. The guidelines in the
registration of cultural property are as follows:

(a)All cultural agencies concerned shall individually maintain an inventory, evaluation and
documentation of all cultural properties declared according to their category and shall submit the
same to the Commission. For cultural property declared as immovable cultural property, the
appropriate cultural agency shall, after registration, give due notice to the concerned Registry of
Deeds for annotation on the land titles pertaining to the same;

(b)Local government units, through their cultural offices, shall likewise maintain an inventory of
cultural property under its jurisdiction and shall furnish the Commission a copy of the same;

59
 (c)Both cultural agencies concerned and local government units shall continuously coordinate in
making entries and in monitoring the various cultural properties in their respective inventory;

(d)All government agencies and instrumentalities, government-owned and/or -controlled

corporations and their subsidiaries, including public and private educational institutions, shall
report their ownership and/or possession of such items to the pertinent cultural agency and shall
register such properties within three (3) years from the effectivity of this Act;

(e)Private collectors and owners of cultural property shall register such properties within three
(3) years from the effectivity of this Act. The private collectors and owners of cultural property
shall not be divested of their possession and ownership thereof even after registration of said
property as herein required.

Information on registered cultural properties owned by private individuals shall remain confidential and
may be given only upon prior consent of the private owner. The Commission shall operate the Registry
in the NCCA portal cultural databank.

Section 15. Conservation of Cultural Property. - All intervention works and measures on conservation
of national cultural treasures, important cultural property, as well as national historical landmarks, sites
or monuments and structures previously marked by the National Museum and/or the National Historical
Institute before the implementation of this Act, shall be undertaken through the appropriate cultural
agency which shall supervise the same.

The appropriate cultural agency shall approve only those methods and materials that strictly adhere to
the accepted international standards of conservation.

Section 16. Documentation and Preservation of Traditional and Contemporary Arts. - Local government
units shall document traditional and contemporary arts and crafts, including their processes and
makers, and sustain the sources of their raw materials. Local government units shall encourage and
sustain traditional arts and crafts as active and viable sources of income for the community.

The Commission, the Department of Trade and Industry, the Department of Tourism and other
government agencies involved directly or indirectly in the production of goods shall assist the local
government units in protecting their traditional and contemporary arts and crafts, making them viable for
current and future markets, with a view to encouraging and promoting the unique heritage and identities
of said communities.

The local government unit concerned shall submit an annual inventory of these documentations to the
Commission, which will be included in the Philippine Registry of Cultural Property, as established in
Section 14 of this Act.

Section 17. Systematic Research in Natural History. - The National Museum shall have the authority to
collect, maintain and develop the national reference collections of Philippine flora and fauna, rocks and
minerals through research and field collection of specimens including important cultural property within
the territorial jurisdiction of the Philippines. It shall be exempt from any and all permit systems
regulating the same.

60
The National Museum shall inform the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the
Department of Agriculture of such collection. All types of specimen collected in the Philippine territory
shall be deposited in the National Museum.

Section 18. Heritage Agreements. - The Commission, upon advice of the concerned cultural agency,
may enter into agreements with private owners of cultural properties with regard to the preservation of
said properties.

Such agreement shall be in the form of a contract and may include such terms and conditions including,
but not limited to:

(a)Public access to the property;

(b)Value of the encumbrance;

(c)Duration of the servitude of the property;

(d)Restriction of the right of the owner or occupant to perform acts on or near the place;

(e)Maintenance and management of the property;

(f)Provision of financial assistance for the conservation of the property; and

(g)Procedure for the resolution of any dispute arising out of the agreement.

Such agreement should be annotated in the land title to bind future owners and/or occupants of the
immovable cultural property.

Section 19. National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage. - The appropriate cultural agency shall
closely collaborate with the UNESCO National Commission of the Philippines in safeguarding intangible
cultural heritage in the Philippines. The Philippine Intangible Cultural Heritage Committee established
by the UNESCO National Commission of the Philippines shall continue to take the lead role in
implementing the provisions of the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural
Heritage, with particular attention to Articles 11 to 15 of the said Convention.

Section 20. Immovable National Cultural Treasures. - Immovable national cultural treasures shall not
be relocated, rebuilt, defaced or otherwise changed in a manner, which would destroy the property's
dignity and authenticity, except to save such property from destruction due to natural causes.

The site referred to in this provision may only be moved after securing a permit from the Commission or
the appropriate cultural agency.

Section 21. Indigenous Properties. - The appropriate cultural agency, in consultation with the National
Commission on Indigenous Peoples, shall establish a program and promulgate regulations to assist
indigenous people in preserving their particular cultural and historical properties.

Section 22. Renaming of Historical Streets, Buildings Designated as Cultural Treasure or Important
Cultural Property. - The names of historical streets, parks, buildings, shrines, landmarks, monuments
and sites designated as national cultural treasures or important cultural property shall not be allowed to
be renamed by a local or national legislation, unless approved by the National Historical Institute, and

61
only after due hearing on the matter. Furthermore, for changes of names done to historical streets,
parks, buildings, shrines, landmarks, monuments, and sites prior to the effectivity of this Act, the
National Historical Institute may direct the local government units to restore their original names, also
after due hearing.

ARTICLE VI
REGULATING THE EXPORT, TRANSIT, IMPORT AND REPATRIATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY

Section 23. Export of Cultural Property. - Whoever desires to export cultural property registered in the
Philippine Registry of Cultural Property shall adhere to the following requirements:

(a)Authorization from the Commission through the appropriate cultural agencies;

(b)Application for export permit shall be submitted thirty (30) days before the intended export
from the Philippines; and

(c)Application for export permit must include the following: (1) the purpose of the temporary
export; (2) the export date of the cultural property; (3) the repatriation date of the cultural
property; (4) a description of the cultural property; and (5) the inventory of the cultural property
in the Philippine Registry of Cultural Property.

The grant of export permit shall be based on the following conditions: (i) the cultural property is
exported on a temporary basis; and (ii) export of cultural property is necessary for scientific scrutiny or
exhibit.

Section 24. Repatriation Claims and Agreements. - Should the cultural property registered in the
Philippine Registry of Cultural Property be illicitly exported from the country, the Department of Foreign
Affairs shall, upon the recommendation of the appropriate cultural agency, claim the right of repatriation
vis-a-vis all other contracting States. Any compensation and costs shall be carried by the Philippine
government.

For the protection of cultural and foreign affairs interests and to secure cultural heritage, the Philippines
may conclude international treaties with contracting States on the import and repatriation of cultural
property subject to the following conditions:

(a)The scope of the agreement must be cultural property of significant importance to the cultural
heritage of the contracting States;

(b)The cultural property must be subject to the existing export policies for the purpose of
protecting cultural heritage; and

(c)The contracting States shall grant reciprocal rights.

ARTICLE VII
POWERS OF THE COMMISSION/CULTURAL AGENCIES

Section 25. Power to Issue a Cease and Desist Order. - When the physical integrity of the national
cultural treasures or important cultural properties are found to be in danger of destruction or significant
alteration from its original state, the appropriate cultural agency shall immediately issue a Cease and
Desist Order ex parte suspending all activities that will affect the cultural property. The local government
62
unit which has the jurisdiction over the site where the immovable cultural property is located shall report
the same to the appropriate cultural agency immediately upon discovery and shall promptly adopt
measures to secure the integrity of such immovable cultural property. Thereafter, the appropriate
cultural agency shall give notice to the owner or occupant of the cultural property and conduct a hearing
on the propriety of the issuance of the Cease and Desist Order. The suspension of the activities shall
be lifted only upon the written authority of the appropriate cultural agency after due notice and hearing
involving the interested parties and stakeholders.

Section 26. Power to Issue Compulsory Repair Order. - When a privately-owned heritage site cannot
be maintained by the owner or has fallen into disrepair through neglect to such an extent that it will lose
its potential for conservation, the appropriate cultural agency may serve on the owner or occupant of
such property an order to repair or maintain such site. If the owner fails to comply with the said order
within thirty (30) to forty-five (45) days, repairs may be undertaken by the appropriate cultural agency
funded by the Commission for the account of the owner.

Section 27. Visitorial Powers. - The cultural agencies concerned, through the Commission, are hereby
given the power to inspect national cultural treasures, important cultural properties, and national
historical landmarks, sites or monuments at any time to ensure the protection and integrity of such.
They may also inspect public or private collections or objects that may be categorized as cultural
property: Provided, That in the case of private collections or objects, the prior written consent of the
owner shall be obtained.

Section 28. Power to Deputize Other Government Agencies. - The cultural agencies concerned, as
well as the Commission, shall have the power to deputize the Philippine National Police, the National
Bureau of Investigation, the Armed Forces of the Philippines, the Philippine Coast Guard, and other
local or national law enforcement agencies, including the Bureau of Fisheries' agents, the Department
of Environment and Natural Resources' rangers, the Bureau of Customs and the Bureau of Immigration
agents, members of the Office of the Special Envoy on Transnational Crimes and other such agencies
and their successors-in-interest, to enforce the provisions of this Act and its implementing rules and
regulations. The said agencies shall immediately detail their respective personnel to protect the cultural
items under the National Registry.

Failure to follow deputization order of the concerned cultural agency as well as the Commission shall
be penalized in accordance with Section 49 herein.

Section 29. Power to Recover Cultural Properties. - The Commission is empowered to recover or
retrieve cultural properties which are under the custody of foreign nationals or entities and to bring
these properties back to Philippine custody.

Section 30. Anthropological Research and Archaeological Exploration/Excavation. -

(a)The National Museum, with respect to cultural/archaeological/anthropological matters, and

the National Historical Institute, with respect to historical anthropological matters, shall regulate
and control all anthropological research conducted by foreigners; and all archaeological
excavation or exploration. Pursuant to the foregoing, the National Museum or the National
Historical Institute shall deputize other agencies to protect archaeological and anthropological
sites. It shall be guided by the following rules:

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 (1)All cultural properties found in terrestrial and/or underwater archaeological sites
belong to the State;

(2)No terrestrial and/or underwater archaeological explorations and excavations for the
purpose of obtaining materials and data of cultural value shall be undertaken without
written authority and direct site supervision by archaeologists and/or representatives of
the National Museum;

(3)All anthropological researches, for the purpose of obtaining materials and data of
cultural value and where the principal proponent is a foreign national, shall be
undertaken only with the authority and under the supervision of the National Museum or
the National Historical Institute. Anthropological research by Philippine nationals,
especially members of the indigenous communities, shall be encouraged;

(4)Archaeological or anthropological materials presumed as important cultural property

shall be allowed to leave the country only upon proper evaluation and written permission
of the National Museum or the National Historical Institute;

(5)All explorations and excavations undertaken, wherein the caves, rock shelters and
their vicinities may have been used in the prehistoric past by man either for habitation,
religious and/or sacred and burial purposes all over the country, shall be under the direct
jurisdiction and supervision of archaeologists and/or other experts of the National
Museum;

(6)All mining activities inside caves, rock shelters and any such other areas shall require
a written permit and clearance from the National Museum. An appropriate prior
inspection by representatives of the National Museum, funded by the company applying
for a mining right, shall be required to ensure that no archaeological materials are
present and destroyed;

(7)Excavations in caves, rock shelters and other areas by laymen are prohibited by this
Act. All earth-moving activities in these areas must have the proper permit and clearance
from the National Museum and monitored by their representatives;

(8)All treasure hunting permits and licenses shall be issued by the National Museum,
which shall formulate the rules and regulations to adequately control, regulate and
monitor all applicants for such undertakings; and 20

(9)The provisions of this Act on explorations and excavations of terrestrial and

underwater archaeological sites shall supersede all local, municipal, regional and
autonomous regional governments' resolutions and ordinances.

(b)When the presence of any cultural or historical property is discovered, the National Museum
or the National Historical Institute shall immediately suspend all activities that will affect the site
and shall immediately notify the local government unit having jurisdiction of the place where the
discovery was made. The local government shall promptly adopt measures to protect and
safeguard the integrity of the cultural property so discovered and, within five (5) days from the
discovery, shall report the same to the appropriate agency. The suspension of these activities

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 shall be lifted only upon the written authority of the National Museum or the National Historical
Institute and only after the systematic recovery of the archaeological materials.

(c)The Commission, upon the recommendation of the appropriate cultural agency, shall provide
incentives for persons who discover and report heretofore unknown archaeological sites, in
accordance with its rules and regulations implementing the provisions of this Act.

(d)Any government or nongovernment infrastructure project or architectural site development

shall include anthropological, archaeological and historical and heritage site conservation
concerns in their Environmental Impact Assessment System.

ARTICLE VIII
ROLE OF CULTURAL AGENCIES

Section 31. Responsibilities of Cultural Agencies for Designation of Cultural Property. - The cultural
agencies, in conformity with their respective charters and mandates, shall define and delineate their
respective areas of responsibility with respect to cultural properly and assessment of national cultural
treasures and national historical landmarks, sites or monuments. These areas shall be subject to
periodic re-assessment whenever necessary.

For purposes of this Act, the following shall be the responsibilities of cultural agencies in the
categorization of cultural property:

(a)The Cultural Center of the Philippines shall be responsible for significant cultural property
pertaining to the performing arts;

(b)The National Archives of the Philippines shall be responsible for significant archival materials;

(c)The National Library shall be responsible for rare and significant contemporary Philippine
books, manuscripts such as, but not limited to, presidential papers, periodicals, newspapers,
singly or in collection, and libraries and electronic records;

(d)The National Historical Institute shall be responsible for significant movable and immovable
cultural property that pertains to Philippine history, heroes and the conservation of historical
artifacts;

(e)The National Museum shall be responsible for significant movable and immovable cultural
and natural property pertaining to collections of fine arts, archaeology, anthropology, botany,
geology, zoology and astronomy, including its conservation aspect; and

(f)The Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino shall be responsible for the dissemination development,
and the promotion of the Filipino national language and the conservation of ethnic languages.

Section 32. Institutional Linkages of the National Cultural Agencies. - The cultural agencies and other
national government agencies, as listed below, shall consult, coordinate and work closely with the
Commission in the implementation of their respective programs/projects in the context of this Act.
Furthermore, the Commission may link up with other agencies and institutions, as it may deem
appropriate, as a way of dealing with conservation in a holistic manner:

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(a)The Department of Tourism and its attached agencies which shall be responsible for cultural
education among tourism services, and protection of cultural properties supplemental to the
jurisdiction of the cultural agencies as defined in this Act. The implementation and creation of a
tourism master plan shall be consistent with this Act;

(b)The Intramuros Administration which shall be responsible for the restoration and
administration of the development in Intramuros;

(c)The National Parks Development Committee as an attached agency of the Department of

Tourism which shall be responsible in supervising the development (beautification, preservation
and maintenance) of the Quezon Memorial, Fort Santiago, Luneta, Paco Park, Pook ni Maria
Makiling and other national parks and satellite projects;

(d)The Department of Education which shall be responsible in instituting the governance of

basic education act, and the conservation and restoration of its built heritage such as the
significant Gabaldon school buildings as determined by the National Historical Institute;

(e)The Department of Public Works and Highways which shall, be responsible in undertaking
major infrastructure projects specifically in the planning, design, construction, and maintenance
of national roads and bridges as they impact on heritage structures or aspects of heritage
conservation;

(f)The National Commission on Indigenous Peoples, in behalf of the country's indigenous

cultural communities, which shall coordinate with the national agencies on matters pertaining to
cultural properties under its jurisdiction;

(g)The Department of Environment and Natural Resources which shall be responsible for the
establishment and management of the National Integrated Protected Areas System and the
conservation of wildlife resources, including cave and cave resources and which shall
coordinate with the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples, the conservation of natural
resources that are cultural sanctuaries of indigenous peoples;

(h)The Department of the Interior and Local Government which shall coordinate with the
national cultural agencies on matters pertaining to cultural properties under its jurisdiction, and
ensure that the provisions of this Act is properly executed by the local government unit;

(i)The Office on Muslim Affairs which shall coordinate with the national cultural agencies on
matters pertaining to cultural properties under its jurisdiction;

(j)The UNESCO National Commission of the Philippines which shall be responsible for providing
the liaison between the cultural agencies of the Philippines and the UNESCO as well as assist
the national cultural agencies in implementing the agreements and conventions adopted by the
UNESCO of which the Philippines has ratified or is in the process of ratification;

(k)The Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board which shall coordinate with the local
government units and the Commission on matters pertaining to the establishment and
maintenance of heritage zones;

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 (l)The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao and the Cordillera Administrative Region which
shall coordinate with the national cultural agencies on matters pertaining to cultural properties
under their respective jurisdictions; and

(m)The Office of the Special Envoy on Transnational Crimes which shall have the oversight and
operational capacity to go after illicitly trafficked and stolen cultural treasures.

Section 33. Incorporation of Cultural Property Programs in Local Government Units' Budgets. - The
local government units are encouraged to incorporate programs and budgets for the conservation and
preservation of cultural property in their environmental, educational and cultural activities.

Section 34. Training Programs. - The Commission, in coordination with the appropriate cultural
agencies, shall provide general training programs on conservation to the local government units which
have established cultural heritage programs and projects in their localities.

ARTICLE IX
CULTURAL PROPERTY INCENTIVES PROGRAM

Section 35. Tax Exemption on Donations. - All donations in any form to the Commission and its
affiliated cultural agencies shall be exempt from the donor's tax and the same shall be considered as
allowable deduction from the gross income in the computation of the income tax of the donor, in
accordance with the provisions of the National Internal Revenue Code of 1997, as amended.

Section 36. National Heritage Resource Assistance Program. - The Commission may provide financial
assistance in the form of a grant to historic, archaeological, architectural, artistic organizations for
conservation or research on cultural property. No grant made pursuant to this Act shall be treated as
taxable income.

Section 37. Awards and Citations. - To encourage preservation of the national heritage, the
Commission shall establish an annual conservation recognition program under which monetary prizes,
awards and citations will be given by the President of the Philippines, upon the recommendation of the
Commission, for special achievements and important contributions and services in the area of heritage
preservation and conservation efforts.

ARTICLE X
CULTURAL EDUCATION

Section 38. Incorporation of National Cultural Treasures and Important Cultural Property in the Basic
Education System. - Within one (1) year from the effectivity of this Act, the Department of Education, in
coordination with the Commission's Philippine Cultural Education Program, shall formulate the cultural
heritage education programs both for local and overseas Filipinos to be incorporated into the formal,
alternative and informal education, with emphasis on the protection, conservation and preservation of
cultural heritage property.

The Philippine Registry of Cultural Property shall likewise be incorporated into the formal, alternative
and informal education by the provincial and local governments.

Section 39. Cultural Heritage Education Program. - Within one (1) year from the effectivity of this Act,
the Department of Education, the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority and the

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Commission on Higher Education, in consultation with the Commission, shall set forth in its teaching
programs nationwide the following cultural heritage education programs with emphasis at the provincial,
city and municipal levels:

(a)Protection, conservation and preservation of cultural heritage properties;

(b)Instructional materials in print, film and broadcast media on the cultural and historical
significance of cultural properties; and

(c)Visitation, public accessibility and information dissemination on designated local cultural

properties.

Section 40. Public Accessibility. - Access to national historical landmarks, monuments and sites,
whether designated as national cultural treasures or important cultural property by the general public for
visitation and information, and by government representatives for inspection, shall not be hindered
except on reasonable cause. Fees, as prescribed by the cultural agency concerned, may in appropriate
cases be charged to defray the cost of conservation, inclusive of general maintenance and upkeep. In
the case of privately-owned monuments and sites, the National Historical Institute or the National
Museum shall arrange with the owners the schedules of visits and regular inspection.

ARTICLE XI
CULTURAL HERITAGE WORKERS' INCENTIVES PROGRAM

Section 41. Cultural Heritage Workers' Incentives. - The national cultural agencies, in coordination with
the Commission on Higher Education, shall initiate scholarships, educational training programs and
other measures to protect the well-being of curators, conservators, authenticators, cultural researchers
or educators, historians, librarians, archivists and valuators/appraisers of cultural property. Such cultural
workers shall be given grants, incentives and scholarships upon the endorsement by the head of the
appropriate cultural agency:

(a)Program for Cultural Heritage Workers. - Within ninety (90) days from the effectivity of this
Act, the Commission shall come up with the following:

(1)An active roster of authenticators and valuators/ appraisers;

(2)An education and training plan for conservators, authenticators, valuators/appraisers

and other conservation- related workers; and

(3)A general training plan on conservation for local government units.

(b)Application of Scientific Career Merit System. - Cultural heritage workers in the civil service
with a doctorate, master of science, or master of arts degree in fields related to cultural heritage
promotion and conservation shall be given the rank and benefits of scientists subject to
qualifying standards equivalent to those prescribed in the scientific career merit system of the
government.

A cultural heritage worker involved in science and technology in government agencies shall be
eligible for the benefits under Republic Act No. 8439, or the "Magna Carta for Scientists,
Engineers, Researchers and Other S & T Personnel in the Government". The Commission shall
likewise establish a merit award system for non-civil service cultural heritage workers.
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 ARTICLE XII
SENTRO RIZAL

Section 42. Creation of Sentro Rizal. - There is hereby created and established a Sentro Rizal whose
main purpose is the promotion of Philippine arts, culture and language throughout the world.

Section 43. Overseas Branches or Offices of Sentro Rizal. - Sentro Rizal shall have branches or offices
in countries where there are children of overseas Filipino workers who need to be educated about their
roots, as well as developed countries where there are large Filipino communities.

The office or branch shall be repository, inter alia, of the following materials on Philippine arts, culture
and language: books, digital video discs, compact discs, films, magazines, artworks, tourism promotion
materials, information materials, etc. All these shall be made available to the public, both Filipino and
foreign.

Section 44. Coordination and Supervision with Philippine Schools. - The Sentro Rizal shall coordinate
and supervise the Philippine schools for Filipino children overseas.

Section 45. Services Offered. - The Sentro Rizal shall offer Filipino language courses for children and
adults, as well as exhibits, small concerts, poetry reading, Philippine cuisine lessons in all Sentro Rizal
branches.

Section 46. Provision of Tourism, Trade and Investment Materials to the Sentro Rizal. - The
Department of Tourism, as well as the Department of Education, the National Commission on Culture
and the Arts, the Commission on Higher Education, the National Historical Institute, the National
Archives, the National Library, and the Cultural Center of the Philippines, shall provide tourism
promotion materials to the Sentro Rizal overseas branches. In the same manner, the Department of
Trade and Industry shall also provide trade and investments materials.

Section 47. Appropriations. - The amount of One hundred million pesos (P100,000,000.00) necessary
to carry out the provisions of this Act shall be appropriated immediately to be generated from whatever
source that are available in the National Treasury.

ARTICLE XIII
PENAL PROVISIONS

Section 48. Prohibited Acts. - To the extent that the offense is not punishable by a higher punishment
under another provision of law, violations of this Act may be made by whoever intentionally:

(a)Destroys, demolishes, mutilates or damages any world heritage site, national cultural
treasures, important cultural property and archaeological and anthropological sites;

(b)Modifies, alters, or destroys the original features of or undertakes construction or real estate
development in any national shrine, monument, landmark and other historic edifices and
structures, declared, classified, and marked by the National Historical Institute as such, without
the prior written permission from the Commission. This includes the designated security or
buffer zone, extending five (5) meters from the visible perimeter of the monument or site;

69
 (c)Explores, excavates or undertakes diggings for the purpose of obtaining materials of cultural
historical value without prior written authority from the National Museum. No excavation or
diggings shall be permitted without the supervision of a certified archaeologist;

(d)Appropriates excavation finds contrary to the provisions of the New Civil Code and other
pertinent laws;

(e)Imports, sells, distributes, procures, acquires, or exports cultural property stolen, or otherwise
lost against the will of the lawful owner;

(f)Illicitly exports cultural property listed in the Philippine Registry of Cultural Property or those
that may be categorized as such upon visitation or incorrectly declares the same during transit;
and

(g)Deals in cultural property without proper registration and license issued by the cultural
agency concerned.

Section 49. Penal Provisions. - Upon conviction, the offender shall be subject to a fine of not less than
Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000.00) or imprisonment for a term of not less than ten (10) years,
or both, upon the discretion of the court: Provided, That any cultural property attempted to be
concealed from registration or those intended to be encumbered or excavated in violation of this Act
shall be summarily confiscated and forfeited in favor of the Commission: Provided, further, That if the
violation is committed by a juridical person, the president, manager, representative, director, agent or
employee of the said juridical person responsible for the act shall also be liable for the penalties
provided herein: Provided, furthermore, That if the acts are committed by dealers, they shall suffer, in
addition to the penalties provided herein, the automatic revocation of their license to operate: Provided,
finally, That if the offender is an alien, he/she shall be placed under the custody of the Bureau of
Immigration for the appropriate proceedings under this Act and shall be summarily deported after
serving his/her sentence.

Heads of departments, commissions, bureaus, agencies or offices, officers and/or agents found to have
intentionally failed to perform their required duty as prescribed by the deputization order under Section
28 of this Act shall be liable for nonfeasance and shall be penalized in accordance with applicable laws.

If the offense involves the nonregistration of a cultural property such as those referred to in Section 14,
and the nonregistration occurs upon or after proper notification by the Commission or the cultural
agency concerned, the offender shall be subject to a fine of not less than Ten thousand pesos
(P10.000.00) but not more than One hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00).

The concerned head of agency, officer and/or employee of the government entities mentioned in
Section 31 shall be held liable for failure to consult and coordinate with the Commission for the damage
to the cultural property resulting from the implementation of the entity's program/project, and shall be
meted the penalty mentioned in the first paragraph of this section: Provided, That the offender/s shall
likewise be asked to pay for the repair or rebuilding of what has been damaged.

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 ARTICLE XIV
ENDOWMENT

Section 50. National Endowment for Culture and the Arts. - The sum of Five hundred million pesos
(P500,000,000.00) shall be contributed by the Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation
(PAGCOR) and/or General Appropriations at the minimum rate of One hundred million pesos
(P100,000,000.00) per year for five (5) years towards the establishment of a National Endowment for
Culture and the Arts. Said amount shall be kept separate and deposited in a special account in the
Bureau of Treasury specifically earmarked for culture and the arts.

ARTICLE XV
FINAL PROVISIONS

Section 51. Implementing Rules and Regulations. - The Commission, in consultation with other
government agencies mentioned in this Act, shall promulgate the implementing rules and regulations
within ninety (90) days after the effectivity of this Act.

Section 52. Repealing Clause. - Pertinent provisions of Republic Act No. 7356, the "Law Creating the
National Commission for Culture and the Arts"; Republic Act No. 8492, the "National Museum Act of
1998"; Republic Act No. 9072, the "National Caves and Cave Resources Management and Protection
Act"; Republic Act No. 7942, the "Philippine Mining Act of 1995"; and all other laws, presidential
decrees, executive orders and rules and regulations inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are
hereby repealed or modified accordingly.

Section 53. Separability Clause. - Any portion or provision of this Act that may be declared
unconstitutional shall not have the effect of nullifying other portions or provisions hereof as long as such
remaining provisions can still subsist and be given effect.

Section 54. Effectivity Clause. - This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its publication in at least
two (2) newspapers of general circulation.

Approved,

(Sgd.) PROSPERO C. NOGRALES (Sgd.) JUAN PONCE ENRILE

Speaker of the House of President of the Senate
Representatives
This Act which is a consolidation of Senate Bill No. 3014 and House Bill No. 6733 was
finally passed by the Senate and the House of Representatives on December 14, 2009
and December 16, 2009, respectively.

(Sgd.) EMMA LIRIO-REYES (Sgd.) MARILYN B. BARUA-YAP

Secretary of Senate Secretary General
House of Representatives
Approved: MAR 26 2010

(Sgd.) GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO

President of the Philippines
71
REPUBLIC ACT No. 3588

AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOR PERMANENT REGISTRATION OF VOTERS AND FOR THIS PURPOSE
TO POSTPONE THE GENERAL RENEWAL OF REGISTRATION OF VOTERS WHICH IS SET FOR
NINETEEN HUNDRED SIXTY-THREE.

Section 1. Permanent list of voters. There shall be a permanent list of voters in each city, municipality
and municipal district.

Section 2. Who may be registered in the Permanent List of Voters. All persons possessing all the
qualifications prescribed for a voter and none of the disqualifications, have the right and duty to be
registered in the permanent list of voters of the city, municipality or municipal district wherein they are
domiciled and to be included in the precinct book of voters of their corresponding precinct.

Any person who may not have on the date of his registration the period of domicile required may also
be registered upon proof that on the date of the election he shall have such qualification.

Section 3. Election Registrar. There shall be in each city, municipality and municipal district at least one
election registrar and a clerk appointed by the Commission on Elections. The salaries for the positions
of election registrar and clerk in the city, municipality and municipal district shall be at such rates as
may be determined by the position classification to be made by the commission on elections; Provided,
however, That in any city, municipality and municipal district having four thousand registered voters or
less, the Commission on Elections may at its discretion appoint an election registrar, attach it to another
political subdivision for purposes of registration, or appoint the city, municipal or municipal district
treasurer as election registrar with additional compensation to be fixed by the Commission on Elections
but not to exceed fifty per cent of his salary as treasurer.

The city, municipal or municipal district council, as the case may be, shall provide a place for the office
of the registrar.

Section 4. Qualification of Election Registrar. Except in the case mentioned in the proviso of Section
three hereof, only members of the Philippine Bar may qualify for appointment as election registrar:
Provided, That if there are no lawyers available for appointment, graduates of duly recognized schools
of law, liberal arts and education who are civil service eligibles may be appointed.

Section 5. Registration of voters. On any date, within sixty days after having acquired the qualifications
of a voter, but not later than sixty days before the day of any regular election and not later than thirty
days before the day of any special election, a qualified elector shall personally appear before the
election registrar of his city, municipality or municipal district wherein he is domiciled and file with him a
sworn application for registration in triplicate.

To facilitate filing of applications for registration, the election registrar may hold office in any district,
barrio or sitio within his jurisdiction, without any travelling allowance, subject to the rules and
regulations promulgated by the Commission on Elections. Any person who fails to register within sixty
days after having acquired the qualifications of a voter or is registered after said period shall not be
qualified to vote in the election immediately following his registration.

72
Section 6. Application for registration. The sworn application for registration shall contain three
specimens of the applicant's signature and his passport or identification photograph, which shall be at
the expense of the government if the applicant should so request, and shall state the following:

(a) name, surname and middle and/or maternal surname:

(b) place of birth;

(c) age on his last birthday;

(d) Philippine citizenship;

(e) civil status, if married, the name of the spouse;

(f) profession, occupation or work;

(g) exact address with the name of the street, the house number or in case there be none, a
brief description of the locality and place;

(h) that he possesses the qualifications required of an elector;

(i) that he is not disqualified to vote;

(j) that he is not registered in any other precinct, otherwise, he shall state the precinct number
and the city, municipality or municipal district in which he previously registered, and attach
thereto his sworn application for the cancellation of such previous registration;

(k) the prints of all his ten fingers;

(l) space shall be provided upon the face of the application for the notation of the voting record
of the person registered thereon;

(m) such other information or data which the Commission on Elections may require.

Section 7. Approval or disapproval of application and petition for inclusions. Upon receipt of the sworn
application for registration, the election registrar shall set it for hearing, notice of which shall be posted
in the municipal building for at least three days before the hearing. On the date of the hearing, the
election registrar shall receive whatever evidence that may be submitted for or against the application.
The election registrar shall decide within ten days from filing, all applications submitted to him and issue
the corresponding identification card to the registered voter.

If the election registrar disapproves the application the applicant shall be furnished with a certificate of
disapproval wherein the ground for the disapproval shall be stated. The applicant may within fifteen
days from the receipt of the certification of disapproval file wit the Justice of the Peace Court or the
Court of First Instance of the province a petition for his inclusion, which shall be decided within fifteen
days after filing. If the decision is for the inclusion of a voter in the permanent list of voters, the election
registrar shall activate the application for registration which has been previously denied, by placing said
application in the corresponding precinct book of voters wherein the order of inclusion by the court shall
be entered and shall mail or deliver to the voter his identification card. If the decision is adverse, the
right of appeal as heretofore granted by existing laws shall be available.

73
Section 8. Challenge of right to register. Any elector or representative of any political party of the city,
municipality or municipal district may appear before the election registrar to oppose or challenge any
application for registration stating the ground therefor. The challenge shall be under oath and shall be
attached by the election registrar to the application together with proof of notice to the challenger and
the voter of the date set for hearing.

Section 9. Publication of application for registration. Within two days from approval or disapproval of
any application for registration, the election registrar shall post a notice in the municipal building giving
the name and address of the applicant and the date of the application and the action taken on the
application.

Section 10. Preparation of precinct Book of Voters. The election registrar shall prepare the precinct
book of voters of each precinct which shall consist of all the original copies of the approved applications
of voters for registration arranged alphabetically belonging to the same precinct, in a suitable binder or
device.

Each precinct book of voters, before delivery to the board of inspectors shall be duly sealed and
certified by the election registrar that the approved applications contained therein, stating the exact
number, are complete for the precinct. The election registrar shall deliver this precinct book of voters to
the chairman of the board of inspectors at the same time the board takes delivery of its official ballots,
for the use of the board during the voting and which shall be returned to the election registrar for his
custody at the same time the statement of election returns are delivered. Thirty days before a regular
election and ten days before a special election, all precinct book of voters shall be sealed and shall not
be available for examination by the public.

Section 11. Permanent list of voters of each city, municipality or municipal district. The approved
qualifications of registration contained in all the precinct books of voters of the city, municipality or
municipal district shall comprise the permanent list of voters of said city, municipality or municipal
district.

Section 12. Provincial Central File of Registered Voters. The duplicate copies of all approved
applications for registration shall immediately be sent to the Provincial Central File of Registered Voters
which shall be under the custody and supervision of the election registrar assigned in the capital. These
applications shall be arranged alphabetically by city, municipality or municipal district and shall be open
during office hours to the public with legitimate inquiries for purposes of election.

Section 13. National Central File of Registered Voters. The triplicate copies of all approved applications
for registrations shall immediately be sent to the Commission on Elections. These applications shall be
arranged alphabetically by city, municipality or municipal district and shall be open during office hours to
the public with legitimate inquiries for purposes of election.

Section 14. Voter's Identification. The voter's identification card shall serve and be considered as
document for the identification of each registered voter.

No extra copy or duplicate of the voter's identification card shall be prepared and issued except upon
authority of the Commission on Elections.

74
The voter's identification card shall be subject at any time to examination, charge or renewal by the
Commission on Elections, and any registered voter who fails, without cause, after due notice, to
surrender his voter's identification card shall be sufficient ground for its cancellation.

Each identification card shall bear the name and address of the voter, his age, sex, civil status,
occupation, his passport or identification photograph, thumbmark, number of the precinct where he is
registered, his signature and the signature of the registrar.

No fees shall be collected for the issuance of the voter's identification card.

Section 15. Petition for exclusion of voters and decision thereon. Any elector, representative of a
political party or the election registrar of the city, municipality or municipal district may at any time
except forty-five days before a regular election and twenty-five days before a special election file with
the Justice of the Peace Court or the Court of First Instance of the province a sworn petition for
exclusion from the permanent list of voters of any voter on the ground that he is qualified, disabled or
illegally registered, which petition shall be decided within fifteen days after filing. The right of appeal as
provided for in existing laws shall be available to any interested party.

The election registrar upon receipt of the final decision ordering exclusion of a voter shall remove his
application from the corresponding precinct book of voters and place said application in the inactive file,
wherein the order of exclusion by the court shall be entered.

The election registrar shall submit monthly reports or as often as the Commission on Elections may
order, of all cancellations made by him pursuant to court orders, so the corresponding action can be
taken on the copies of the application in the Provincial Central File and in the Commission on Elections.

Section 16. Cancellation due to death, conviction, and failure to vote in two successive preceding
elections. The election registrar shall remove the voter's application for registration from the
corresponding precinct book of voters of the following after entering therein the cause for cancellation
and shall place them in the inactive file:

(a) Those who have since died as certified to at the end of each month by the local civil
registrar.

(b) Those who have since been sentenced by final judgment to suffer an imprisonment of not
less than one year or found guilty of having violated their allegiance to the Republic of the
Philippines as certified to at the end of each month by the clerk of court, the clerk of the
municipal court in chartered cities and the justice of the peace.

(c) Those who did not vote in the two successive preceding regular elections as shown by the
voting records of each voter after the holding of an election.

The election registrar shall notify by mail or by personal delivery the registered voter of his cancellation
and the ground thereof and require the surrender of his voter's identification card. In cases of death, all
notices and requirements shall be directed to the voter's next of kin.

The name cancelled shall be published on the bulletin board immediately stating the reason for the
cancellation and shall be reported to the Commission on Elections and the Provincial Central File
together with copies of the certified statements of the local civil registrar, the clerk of court, the clerk of

75
the municipal court of chartered cities and the justice of the peace. The Provincial Central File and the
Commission on Elections shall accordingly remove the application for registration of the voters and file
them in the inactive file after entering in their re- of notice of the decision by the barrio council
concerned registration.

Section 17. Cancellation of previous registration. Any registered voter may request for the cancellation
of his registration by personally filing a sworn application for said cancellation with the election registrar,
who shall proceed to cancel the same and issue the certificate of cancellation to the voter.

Any registered voter who has transferred and acquired a new domicile may request for the cancellation
of his previous registration as stated in the first paragraph hereof or by sending by registered mail a
sworn application for cancellation of registration in duplicate giving his old and new addresses and
enclosing his voter's identification card, or by personally filing said sworn application with the election
registrar or his new domicile, who upon receipt thereof shall transmit the same, together with the voter's
identification card, to the election registrar of the voter's old domicile.

The election registrar concerned shall upon receipt of the application for cancellation of registration
remove his application for registration from the corresponding book of voters, which shall be placed in
the inactive file, and issue the certificate of cancellation to the voter by registered mail or personally.
The election registrar shall enter the corresponding notations in the application of registration of said
request for cancellation.

The election registrar shall preserve all applications for cancellation and shall report all cancellations
made by him under this Section to the Commission on Elections and to the Provincial File Center for
their corresponding action. The names of voters cancelled shall be posted in the bulletin board for thirty
days.

Section 18. Change of Address of Voter in the Same City, Municipality or Municipal District. Any voter
who has changed his address in the same city, municipality or municipal district where he is registered
shall immediately notify his election registrar not later than forty-five days before any regular election
day and thirty days before a special election day. If the change of address involves a change of
precinct, the election registrar shall transfer his application of registration from the precinct book of
voters of his old precinct to his new precinct. All changes of address shall be reported to the
Commission on Elections and the Provincial Filing Center by the election registrar and he shall
immediately notify the voter that his change of address has been noted in his application of registration,
together with his precinct number, if new.

Section 19. Adjustment of the Precinct Book of Voters in Case of Division or Merger of Precinct. When
a precinct is divided into two or more precincts or certain precincts are merged, the election registrar
shall accordingly transfer the application for registration of the voters included in the precinct book of
voters of the precinct or precincts affected to the corresponding precinct book of voters of the resulting
new or adjusted precinct. All adjustments shall be reported to the Commission on Elections and the
Provincial Filing Center for their corresponding action. Voters affected by the adjustment of precincts
shall be notified by mail of their new precinct resulting from the adjustment.

Section 20. Publication of the Precinct List of Voters. For the purpose of public information and
reference only, thirty days before the day of a regular election and ten days before the day of special
election, the election registrar shall furnish the candidates, heads of the national political parties in the

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city, municipality or municipal district, the Provincial Central File and the Commission on Elections a
copy of the certified list of the names and addresses of all the voters in each precinct of the city,
municipality or municipal district. Changes in this list shall be distributed in the same manner as
supplementary lists.

The election registrar shall also furnish two certified copies of said precinct list to the poll clerk for
posting in the polling place and for the use of the board of inspectors on election day.

Section 21. Canvass to Check Registration. The election registrar shall, subject to the rules and
regulations promulgated by the Commission on Elections, conduct such mail check or house to house
canvass or both, without traveling allowances, of the voters of any precinct for the purpose of filing
exclusion proceedings.

Section 22. Power of election registrar to administer oaths and issue summons. The election registrar
shall have the same powers possessed by justices of the peace to administer oaths, to issue subpoena
and subpoena duces tecum, to swear witnesses, and to compel witnesses to appear and testify, but if
the summons is issued at the instance of any private party, the corresponding fees and the expenses
incident thereto, shall be paid in advance by said party.

Section 23. Such sums as are necessary to carry out the objectives and purposes of this Act are
hereby authorized to be appropriated. The positions created by this Act as well as the sums needed for
operating expenses during each fiscal year shall hereafter be included and provided for in the annual
Appropriations Act: Provided, however, That the Commission on Elections is hereby authorized to use
such sums available from any savings in the appropriation for the nineteen hundred sixty-three election
as it may in its discretion deem necessary for the initial expenses to implement the provisions of this
Act.

Section 24. Annulment of registry list. Any precinct book of voters not prepared in accordance with the
provisions of this Act, or the preparation of which is effected with fraud, bribery, forgery, impersonation,
intimidation, force, or any other similar irregularity may, after due notice and hearing, be annulled by the
Commission on Elections.

Section 25. The preparation of a new list of voters which in accordance with section ninety-five of
Republic Act Numbered One hundred eighty as amended by Republic Act Numbered Five hundred
ninety-nine is scheduled for the year nineteen hundred sixty-three is hereby postponed: Provided, That
the list of voters for the nineteen hundred sixty-three election shall be prepared in accordance with
section one hundred one of the revised election code, to the date that this Act takes effect; on which
date the list of voters then existing shall be annulled and every voter shall have to register anew;
Provided, That the provision of this section shall not be applicable if the date this Act takes effect falls
within less than one year from a general election, in which case this section shall take effect on the first
day of January next succeeding said general election.

Section 26. Repealing clause. Provisions of the Revised Election Code, and other laws, rules and
regulations inconsistent herewith are hereby repealed.

Section 27. Effectivity. This Act shall take effect on January one, nineteen hundred sixty-four: Provided,
That section twenty-five hereof shall take effect immediately upon approval of this act.

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REPUBLIC ACT No. 8049

AN ACT REGULATING HAZING AND OTHER FORMS OF INITIATION RITES IN FRATERNITIES,

SORORITIES, AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS AND PROVIDING PENALTIES THEREFOR

Section 1. Hazing, as used in this Act, is an initiation rite or practice as a prerequisite for admission into
membership in a fraternity, sorority or organization by placing the recruit, neophyte or applicant in some
embarrassing or humiliating situations such as forcing him to do menial, silly, foolish and other similar
tasks or activities or otherwise subjecting him to physical or psychological suffering or injury.

The term "organization" shall include any club or the Armed Forces of the Philippines, Philippine
National Police, Philippine Military Academy, or officer and cadet corp of the Citizen's Military Training
and Citizen's Army Training. The physical, mental and psychological testing and training procedure and
practices to determine and enhance the physical, mental and psychological fitness of prospective
regular members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Philippine National Police as approved
by the Secretary of National Defense and the National Police Commission duly recommended by the
Chief of Staff, Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Director General of the Philippine National
Police shall not be considered as hazing for the purposes of this Act.

Section 2. No hazing or initiation rites in any form or manner by a fraternity, sorority or organization
shall be allowed without prior written notice to the school authorities or head of organization seven (7)
days before the conduct of such initiation. The written notice shall indicate the period of the initiation
activities which shall not exceed three (3) days, shall include the names of those to be subjected to
such activities, and shall further contain an undertaking that no physical violence be employed by
anybody during such initiation rites.

Section 3. The head of the school or organization or their representatives must assign at least two (2)
representatives of the school or organization, as the case may be, to be present during the initiation. It
is the duty of such representative to see to it that no physical harm of any kind shall be inflicted upon a
recruit, neophyte or applicant.

Section 4. If the person subjected to hazing or other forms of initiation rites suffers any physical injury
or dies as a result thereof, the officers and members of the fraternity, sorority or organization who
actually participated in the infliction of physical harm shall be liable as principals. The person or persons
who participated in the hazing shall suffer:

1. The penalty of reclusion perpetua (life imprisonment) if death, rape, sodomy or mutilation
results there from.

2. The penalty of reclusion temporal in its maximum period (17 years, 4 months and 1 day to 20
years) if in consequence of the hazing the victim shall become insane, imbecile, impotent or
blind.

3. The penalty of reclusion temporal in its medium period (14 years, 8 months and one day to 17
years and 4 months) if in consequence of the hazing the victim shall have lost the use of speech
or the power to hear or to smell, or shall have lost an eye, a hand, a foot, an arm or a leg or
shall have lost the use of any such member shall have become incapacitated for the activity or
work in which he was habitually engaged.

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 4. The penalty of reclusion temporal in its minimum period (12 years and one day to 14 years
and 8 months) if in consequence of the hazing the victim shall become deformed or shall have
lost any other part of his body, or shall have lost the use thereof, or shall have been ill or
incapacitated for the performance on the activity or work in which he was habitually engaged for
a period of more than ninety (90) days.

5. The penalty of prison mayor in its maximum period (10 years and one day to 12 years) if in
consequence of the hazing the victim shall have been ill or incapacitated for the performance on
the activity or work in which he was habitually engaged for a period of more than thirty (30)
days.

6. The penalty of prison mayor in its medium period (8 years and one day to 10 years) if in
consequence of the hazing the victim shall have been ill or incapacitated for the performance on
the activity or work in which he was habitually engaged for a period of ten (10) days or more, or
that the injury sustained shall require medical assistance for the same period.

7. The penalty of prison mayor in its minimum period (6 years and one day to 8 years) if in
consequence of the hazing the victim shall have been ill or incapacitated for the performance on
the activity or work in which he was habitually engaged from one (1) to nine (9) days, or that the
injury sustained shall require medical assistance for the same period.

8. The penalty of prison correccional in its maximum period (4 years, 2 months and one day to 6
years) if in consequence of the hazing the victim sustained physical injuries which do not
prevent him from engaging in his habitual activity or work nor require medical attendance.

The responsible officials of the school or of the police, military or citizen's army training organization,
may impose the appropriate administrative sanctions on the person or the persons charged under this
provision even before their conviction. The maximum penalty herein provided shall be imposed in any
of the following instances:

(a) when the recruitment is accompanied by force, violence, threat, intimidation or deceit on the
person of the recruit who refuses to join;

(b) when the recruit, neophyte or applicant initially consents to join but upon learning that hazing
will be committed on his person, is prevented from quitting;

(c) when the recruit, neophyte or applicant having undergone hazing is prevented from reporting
the unlawful act to his parents or guardians, to the proper school authorities, or to the police
authorities, through force, violence, threat or intimidation;

(d) when the hazing is committed outside of the school or institution; or

(e) when the victim is below twelve (12) years of age at the time of the hazing.

The owner of the place where hazing is conducted shall be liable as an accomplice, when he has actual
knowledge of the hazing conducted therein but failed to take any action to prevent the same from
occurring. If the hazing is held in the home of one of the officers or members of the fraternity, group, or
organization, the parents shall be held liable as principals when they have actual knowledge of the
hazing conducted therein but failed to take any action to prevent the same from occurring.

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The school authorities including faculty members who consent to the hazing or who have actual
knowledge thereof, but failed to take any action to prevent the same from occurring shall be punished
as accomplices for the acts of hazing committed by the perpetrators.

The officers, former officers, or alumni of the organization, group, fraternity or sorority who actually
planned the hazing although not present when the acts constituting the hazing were committed shall be
liable as principals. A fraternity or sorority's adviser who is present when the acts constituting the
hazing were committed and failed to take action to prevent the same from occurring shall be liable as
principal.

The presence of any person during the hazing is prima facie evidence of participation therein as
principal unless he prevented the commission of the acts punishable herein.

Any person charged under this provision shall not be entitled to the mitigating circumstance that there
was no intention to commit so grave a wrong.

This section shall apply to the president, manager, director or other responsible officer of a corporation
engaged in hazing as a requirement for employment in the manner provided herein.

Section 5. If any provision or part of this Act is declared invalid or unconstitutional, the other parts or
provisions thereof shall remain valid and effective.

Section 6. All laws, orders, rules or regulations which are inconsistent with or contrary to the provisions
of this Act are hereby amended or repealed accordingly.

Section 7. This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) calendar days after its publication in at least two (2)
national newspapers of general circulation.

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 DESIRABLE CHARACTER QUALITIES

TRUTHFULNESS - earning future trust by accurately reporting past facts.

LOYALTY - using difficult times to demonstrate my commitment to those I serve.
PATIENCE - accepting a difficult situation without giving a deadline to remove it.
TOLERANCE - realizing that everyone is at varying levels of character development.
GRATEFULNESS - letting others know by my words and actions how they benefited my life.
CONTENTMENT - realizing that true happiness does not depend on material conditions.
FORGIVENESS - clearing the record of those who have wronged me and not holding a grudge.
COMPASSION - investing whatever is necessary to heal the hurts of others.
RESPONSIBILITY - knowing and doing what is expected of me.
ENTHUSIASM - expressing joy in each task as I give it my best effort.
DEPENDABILITY - fulfilling what I consented to do, even if it means unexpected sacrifice.
DETERMINATION - purposing to accomplish right goals at the right time, regardless of the opposition
CLEANLINESS - arranging myself and my surroundings to achieve greater efficiency.
HONOR - respecting those in leadership because of the higher authorities they represent.
HARDWORK - laboring diligently to achieve a desired goal.
CREATIVITY - approaching a need, a task, or an idea from a new perspective.
DISCIPLINE - rejecting wrong desires and doing what is right.
SENSITIVITY - perceiving the true attitudes and emotions of those around me.
INITIATIVE - recognizing and doing what needs to be done even before I am asked to do it.
PUNCTUALITY - showing esteem for others by doing the right thing at the right time.
HUMILITY - acknowledging that achievement results from the investment of others in my life.
JUSTICE - taking personal responsibility to uphold what is pure right and true.
GENEROSITY - realizing that I am a trustee of all I have and using everything for the best purposes.
SINCERITY - eagerness to do what is right, with transparent motives.

THE MEANING OF NATIONAL SECURITY

(National Defense College of the Philippines, 200)

The school of thought on the meaning of National Security:

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SECRET OF WINNERS

In the jungle:
1. The Elephant is the biggest;
2. The Giraffe is the tallest;
3. The Fox is the wisest; and
4. The Cheetah is the fastest;

Yet, the Lion is the KING of the jungle even without ANY of these qualities

Why?

Because:
1. The Lion is courageous, is bold, walks with confidence, dares anything and is
never afraid.
2. The Lion believes it is unstoppable.
3. The Lion is a risk taker.
4. The Lion believes any animal is food for him.
5. The Lion believes any opportunity is worth giving a trial and never lets it slip from
its hands.

So…
1. You don’t need to be the fastest.
2. You don’t need to be the wisest.
3. You don’t need to be the smartest.
4. You don’t need to be the most brilliant.
5. All you need is courage.
6. All you need is the will to try.
7. All you need is the faith to believe it is possible.
8. All you need is to believe in yourself, that you can do it!!

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The Lion sleeps for 20 hours & works for 4 hours & yet eats meat.

But the elephant works for 24 hours & eats grass.

Your life’s strategy matters most in your approach to circumstances & situations for you
to be champion or winner always.

Stay in the Lion’s mood! That’s the mood for winners.

CTTO

Someone graduated at the age of 22, but waited 5 years before securing a good job.
Someone became a CEO at 25, and died at 50.
While another became a CEO at 25, and live to 90 years.
Someone is still single, while someone from his school group has become grandfather.
Obama retired at 55 and Trump started at 70.
Everyone in this world works based on their time zone.
People around you might seem ahead of you & some might seem to be behind you.
But everyone is running their own race, in their own time.
Do not envy them.
They are in their time zone, and you are in yours.
So, relax.
You’re not late.
You’re not early.
You are very much on time.

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 1. I know people who graduated at 21 and didn’t get a job until they were 27.
2. I know people who graduated late at 25 and they found out immediately.
3. There are people who never went to university but found what they love at 18.
4. There are people who found a job straight out of college making decent money, but hate
what they do.
5. I know people who took gap years and found their purpose.
6. People who were so sure about what they were going to do at 16, they change their
mind at 26.
7. There are people who have children but are single.
8. There are people who are married but had to wait 8 to 10 years to have children.
9. There are those who are in a relationship but love someone else.
10. There are those who love each other but aren’t together.
11. So the point is everything in life happens according to our time in our clock.
12. You may look at some of your friends and think that they’re ahead of you.
13. Maybe some of them make you feel behind but everything happens at their own place.
14. They have their own time and clock and so do you.
15. Be patient.

I.

● At age 25 Mark Cuban was a bartender in Dallas.

● It took till 32 for J.K. Rouling to be published for Harry Potter after being rejected by 12
publications.
● Ortega landed Zara when he was 39.
● Jack Ma started Alibaba when he was 35.
● Morgan Freeman got his big break at 52.
● Steve Carell only got his break after 40 years old.
● Virgin was started by Richard Bronson at 34.
● Getting your degree at 25 is still an achievement.
● Not being married at 30 but still happy is beautiful.
● Starting a family at 35 is still possible.
● And buying a house after 40 is still great.
● Don’t let anyone rush you with their timelines.
● Einstein said “not everything that counts can be counted and not everything that’s
counted truly counts.”
● I urge you to be able to create meaningful, purposeful, fulfilling lives for your selves and
learn how to use that.
● To make an impact and a difference in the lives of others, that will be a true success.

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Our trip is very short

*Our trip is very short. I've read this at least 5 times since this morning. It’s so true and
beautifully written.

A woman climbed up the bus and sat down beside a man, hitting him with her numerous bags.

When the man remained silent, the woman asked him why he did not complain when she hit
him with her bags?

The man replied with a smile: “There is no need to be upset about something so insignificant,
as our journey together is so short, because I’m getting off at the next stop.”

This answer disturbed the woman so much, she asked the man to excuse her and thought the
words need to be written in gold.

Each of us must understand that our time in this world is so short, that darkening it with
useless arguments, jealousy, not forgiving others, discontentment and bad attitudes are a
ridiculous waste of time and energy. Did someone break your heart? Stay calm. The trip is too
short.

Did someone betray you, intimidate, cheat or humiliate you? Relax - Don’t be stressed.

The trip is too short. Did someone insult you without reason? Stay calm. Ignore it. The trip is
too short. Did someone make a comment that you didn’t like? Stay calm. Ignore. Forgive, keep
them in your prayers & love them still for no reason. The trip is too short. Whatever the
problems some bring to us, it is a problem only if we think of it, remember that our journey
together is too short. No one knows the length of our trip. No one has seen tomorrow. Nobody
knows when it will arrive at its stop. Our trip together is too short. Let us appreciate friends and
family. Keep them in good humor. Respect them. Let us be respectful, kind, loving, & forgiving.
Because we will be filled with gratitude and joy, after all.

Our trip together is very short. Share your smiles with everyone… choose your path to be as
beautiful as you wish it to be.

Our trip is very short.

CTTO

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 THE EXTENSION CREED

Go to the people.
Live with the people. Learn from them.
Plan with them. Work with them.
Start with what they know.
Build on what they have.
Teach by showing, learn by doing.
Not by showcase but a pattern.
Not odds and ends but a system.
Not a piecemeal but integrated approach.
Not to conform but to transform.
Not relief but release.

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 The Mang Ambo Case

Mang Ambo Mahayahay is a known landed man in Barangay Cambudlot. One day, a
group of barangay 4-H club youth members approached him for his support in their greening
program. They requested him to donate 1,000m² of his land to be used for their plant nursery
and Mang Ambo eagerly conceded to their request.

In their barangay, everybody is busy especially their San Isidro Chapel officials in their
coming annual barangay fiesta in coordination with the different barangay organizations and
local government officials.

One of their nightly activities is the giving of awards and recognition of those individuals
who contributed to the development of their barangay and those who contributed in their
religious activities. During the recognition night a lot of municipal officials were present,
including the mayor and his councilors. Likewise, Mang Ambo and his family were there too
because that night was named as Barangay Recognition Night. A lot of names were called to
come on stage to be presented with the plaque of recognition and of course a lot of pictorials.

At the end of the entire program, the name of Mang Ambo was not called and until the
whole night affair ended.

Three days after that recognition night, the Barangay 4-H Club Youth members visited
Mang Ambo’ s residence bringing with them the Deed of Donation for the site of the nursery for
Mang Ambo’s signature, however, Mang Ambo has a change of heart and told them he
changed his mind in donating the lot but still he’ll allow them to use his land for some time.

They asked local government officials to persuade Mang Ambo to pursue in donating
his land but to no avail.

What is the main problem of the story? If you are a member of that 4-H club, what are you
going to do?

Please present your solutions in the next page.

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BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION

88
DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR & LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Philippine National Police

PO1 - Patrolman/Patrolwoman (Pat.)

PO2 - Police Corporal (PCpl.)
PO3 - Police Staff Sergeant (PSSgt.)
SPO1 - Police Master Sergeant (PMSgt.)
SPO2 - Police Senior Master Sergeant
(PSMSgt.)
SPO3 - Police Chief Master Sergeant
(PCMSgt.)
SPO4 - Police Executive Master Sergeant
(PEMSgt.)

Inspector - Police Lieutenant (PLt.)

Senior Inspector - Police Captain

Chief Inspector - Police Major

Superintendent - Police Lieutenant Colonel

Senior Superintendent - Police Colonel

Chief Superintendent - Brigadier General

Director - Major General

Deputy Director - Lieutenant General

Director General - Full General

(Chief of the PNP)

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Philippine Navy

90
Philippine Air Force

91
Department of National Defense

Philippine Army

92
 NSTP
Name:
Degree:
Platoon:
Date:

Encircle the correct answer by choosing T for True or F for False.

T F 1. Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium (NPK) are the primary nutrients of the plants.
T F 2. Law of Ecology “Everything is connected to everything else”
T F 3. Rice hull or saw dust or sand provides moisture to the plants.
T F 4. Garden soil is needed for their roots anchor.
T F 5. Fell method is used to determine the plants feeling.
T F 6. Mid-day wilting the plants experiencing water stress.
T F 7. Pointed steel material use in cultivating the soil surrounding the plant.
T F 8. Animal manure is best use when it is newly secreted.
T F 9. Animal manure provides nutrients needed by the plants.
T F 10. If you squeeze the soil and when release crumbled, means there are still moisture.
T F 11. In waste management 4Rs, Refuse, Reuse, Reduce, Recycle.
T F 12. The best time to water the plants is early morning.
T F 13. Bigger plants best to be watered in the late afternoon.
T F 14. The Philippine Army has 10 Army Infantry Divisions.
T F 15. The 31D PA is in Camp Perralta, Capiz.
T F 16. The Scout Ranger is patterned from the Boy Scout in USA.
T F 17. 2 or more Battalions formed into a company.
T F 18. The lowest ranking police is a patrolman.
T F 19. The highest NCO in the army is the chief of Master Sgt.
T F 20. In the navy, chief Petty Officer is = to the staff Sgt. of the Army.
T F 21. A 9003 is the social waste tgt. Law.
T F 22. Flag Code of the Philippines is RA 9184 you’re fined 20 thousand pesos if you disrespect,
dissociate the Phil. Flag or less than a year imprisonment.
T F 23. The count can put you in jail at the same time fined 20 thousand.
T F 24. The Phil. Flag is given to the newly used military officer.
T F 25. Narra, Gemilina, Acacia and Bamboo grass are good carbon boarders.

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 Cebu Normal University
NSTP __Sem/S.Y._____

Name: Course: Platoon: AM☐PM☐

I. Write the letter that represents the correct answer.

1. All of the ecosystem descriptions except. d. Overfishing
a. It’s the study of environment 11. The grasses are considered in environment as.
b. Biotic and non-biotic portion a. Decoration
c. Everything outside you b. Green floors
d. Department of science and technology c. Feet protector
2. Importance of protected areas for development 12. Considered as the lungs of the earth.
except/ a. Caves
a. Support important natural vegetation b. Rivers
b. Regulates and purifies water flow c. Forest
c. Protect people from natural disasters 13. In the event of typhoon you will do the following,
d. Eliminate rare and wild species except.
3. Possible consequences of a degraded watershed a. Store water
except. b. Keep ready handy flashlight
a. Dried up rivers c. Stays away from low lying beaches
b. Soil erosion d. Enjoy the free rain showers
c. Flash floods 14. The winds in excess of 185 kph, seek shelter in
d. Appearance of new wildlife strong buildings and to stay indoors it is.
4. A watershed is like a basin with an opening or a a. Storm signal no. 3
hole on its side, except that. b. Storm signal no. 2
a. Catches rainwater c. Signal no. 4
b. Stores the rainwater d. Signal no. 4
c. Drains through stream/river 15. The center of the cyclone is expected to pass the
5. Start environmental protection and conservation area within the next 24 hours and 60 to 100 kph.
at home except. a. Storm signal no. 3
a. Boycott the product of polluters b. Storm signal no. 2
b. Watches T.V. only at night time c. Storm signal no. 4
c. Refuses to buy drinks in throwaway d. Storm signal no. 1
cans 16. Winds from 100-185 kph and expected to reach
d. Reuse your area within the next 12 hours
6. Dumping of industrial waste resulting to. a. Signal no. 3
a. Proliferation of aquatic ecosystems b. Signal no. 2
b. Increase genetic and reproduction c. Signal no. 1
c. Food production in aquatic ecosystem d. Signal no. 4
d. Ecosystems become unfit for human 17. NDRRMC means
consumption a. National Development Rescue and
7. The burning of fossil fuels produce the following, Resources Management Council
except. b. Nature Development Resource
a. Acid deposition Reduction and Material Conservation
b. Smog c. National Disaster Risk Reduction
c. Aesthetic problem Management Council
d. Good health effects 18. NDRRMC was created by R.A.
8. Mining cause land subsidence and others except. a. 10121
a. Siltation b. 10963
b. Loss of scenic vistas c. 9003
c. Soil erosion d. 7077
d. Beautify the landscape 19. During earthquake you’re advised to but except.
9. There are major infrastructures that may cause a. Duck
environmental destructions except. b. Seek cover
a. Reclamation c. Move near to the window
b. Land development 20. When you’re out of the building after the
c. Dams earthquake you’re next move is.
d. Greenhouse construction a. Goes back to the building and gets your
10. Desertification, soil erosion, flooding are possible important item
results of the following, except. b. Stays away more than one half the
a. Logging height of the building
b. Kaingin c. Switch off the light inside the building
c. Overgrazing 21. What disaster teams your platoon belongs?
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