Palawan State University: Reference No: Date Filed: Effectivity Date: Revision No.

Republic of the Philippines
PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY

Tiniguiban Heights, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan
Email: psu@psu.palawan.edu.ph • Website: psu.palawan.edu.ph
FB page: Palawan State University
UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

• Email: uro@psu.palawan.edu.ph • Website: www.psuresearch.wordpress.com
FB Page: Palawan State University Research Office
TERMINAL REPORT
Reference No: Date filed: Effectivity Date: Revision No.:
A. BASIC INFORMATION
Title: A Case Study of Solo Parents’ Project at Barangay Irawan, Puerto Princesa City: A Basis for Policy
Enhancement and Intervention
Proponent(s):
Project Leader: Leizel A. Gabaldon College/Campus: College of Business & Accountancy
Project Member: Yolly B. Dequito College/Campus: College of Business & Accountancy
Project Member: Rosene P. Milar College/Campus: College of Business & Accountancy
Project Member: Ramy Ann B. Maigue College/Campus: College of Business & Accountancy
Project Member: Glenda C. Jasmin College/Campus: College of Business & Accountancy
Project Member: College/Campus:
Member Responsibilities No. of hours spent per Remarks

week
ROSENE P. MILAR
YOLLY B. DEQUITO
GLENDA C. JASMIN
RAMY ANN B. MAIGUE
Duration of the Study (Start and End):
July 2022 – June 2023
Budget/Funding: Php 40,686.00
B. ABSTRACT (150-200 words)
This study aimed to assess the Solo Parents’ Projects at Barangay Irawan along with livelihood,
environmental awareness, health and nutrition and literacy based on the assessment of the
implementers and beneficiaries in Barangay Irawan from 2017 – 2022 a basis for future plans, programs
and activities
The researcher utilized the triangulation method of research, alongside with the researcher made
questionnaire as the main tools in gathering the data needed to answer the questions in this study. The
statistical tools used were mean, frequency and percentage distribution. There were (6) implementers and
71 beneficiaries who were utilized as respondents in this study. The results of the study revealed that the
solo parents’ projects were very satisfactory on both part of implementers and beneficiaries. The top
PSU-URO-127/Revised09.01.09

problems met by implementers and beneficiaries were limited funds for the projects. This was followed by
no proper programs that serve as a guide in the implementation of project and no sufficient materials tools
for better learning process. In terms of projects, the beneficiaries preferred food processing for livelihood;
advocacies on various environmental Concerns and Basic Disaster Preparedness and Response Training
(Survival Training) for environmental awareness; for health: Mental Health Program medical, dental,
health care and nutrition, followed by mental health program and recreational activities. Meanwhile, for
literacy; classes for out of school youth and adult (financial literacy, budgeting, savings, investment, etc.)
and lecture on recreational activities and vocational learning as their top priority’s projects.
Keywords: solo parents’ project activities, implementers, beneficiaries, perception, Barangay Irawan
C. INTRODUCTION (Brief rationale and review of literature including conceptual framework)
The 1986 Philippine Constitution provided Republic Act 8972, Article 64 which states that "The
State shall provide assistance to a widowed and abandoned parent or where either spouse is on
prolonged absence due to illness, imprisonment, etc., and in fulfillment thereof, the Department of Social
Welfare and Development may be required, under conditions by law, to provide services to the people,
especially solo parents to elevate their state in life through literacy, livelihood training, and psycho-social
services". Thus, Republic Act 7722, otherwise known as the Commission on Higher Education mandates
institutions of higher learning like State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) to respond to the call for
societal transformation.
Republic Act 8972 also known as “An establishing the Solo Parents’ Welfare Act of 2000 for
solo parents, declares that it is the policy of the State to promote the family as the foundation of the
nation, strengthen its solidarity and ensure its total development. The law calls for the development of a
comprehensive package of services for solo parents to address their needs. It further provides that
such parents should be helped to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills needed for the proper
care and maintenance of the family.
By virtue of RA 11861 or the Expanded Solo Parents Welfare Act has lapsed into law which will
enable increased benefits and additional support for solo parents. Benefits include additional parental
leave, scholarship to solo parent and their children and cash subsidy per month for those earning
minimum wage and below.
Since the Solo Parent Act aims to provide opportunities that will help solo parents identify and
resolve feelings of loneliness, grief, frustrations, and others that affect their role performance, provide
learning opportunities that will enhance and improve the understanding, attitude, and skills of a solo
parent in their responsibility in raising and managing their children while performing their dual/multiple

roles at home, provide skills training and livelihood opportunities to solo parents and their children to
enable them to cope with the financial demands of solo parenting, gain access to available resources
and other support services that may be necessary for solo parents and their children; and organize and
mobilize community-based support system/growth groups of solo parents that will help them strengthen
their coping mechanisms towards solo parenting.
The Palawan State University, as an institution of higher learning, is committed to upgrade the
quality of life of the people by providing higher education opportunities through excellent instruction,
research, extension, production services, and transnational collaboration and innovations.
The College of Business and Accountancy supports the university's mission to improve the
quality of life of the people through the sharing of resources, skills, expertise, and knowledge. The
faculty commits itself to conduct capability projects and activities for the solo parents to enable them to
cope with the financial crisis of solo parenting.
Puerto Princesa City lies in the heart of the long and narrow island, the province of Palawan. As of
the year 2021 data, the city is composed of sixty-six (66) barangays; thirty-five (35) are classified as urban
barangays and thirty-one (31) as rural with a registered population of 161,912 persons or 21.43 percent of
the total provincial population. Therefore, it is considered the most populated municipality in Palawan with
an income level equal to or below the poverty threshold. Poverty remains a mainly rural phenomenon
though urban poverty is on the rise.
Irawan is located within the vicinity of Puerto Princesa City. This barangay is bountiful in terms of
natural resources. Its population as determined by the 2020 Census was 8,784. This represented 2.86%
of the total population of Puerto Princesa.
Based on PSA report, the population of Irawan grew from 2,107 in 1990 to 8,784 in 2020, an
increase of 6,677 people over the course of 30 years. The latest census figures in 2020 denote a
positive growth rate of 7.82%, or an increase of 2,642 people, from the previous population of 6,142 in
2015. In 2015 Census, the age group with the highest population in Irawan is 15 to 19, with 733
individuals. Conversely, the age group with the lowest population is 80 and over, with 33 individuals.
Combining age groups together, those aged 14 and below, consisting of the young dependent
population which include infants/babies, children and young adolescents/teenagers, make up an
aggregate of 32.60% (2,002). Those aged 15 up to 64, roughly, the economically active population and
actual or potential members of the work force, constitute a total of 63.89% (3,924). Finally, old
dependent population consisting of the senior citizens, those aged 65 and over, total 3.52% (216) in all.

As to Age dependency ratio, the ratio of persons in "dependent" ages (generally under age 15
and over age 64) to those in "economically productive" ages (15 to 64 years) in the population. It is
sometimes divided into the old-age dependency (the ratio of people aged 65 and older to those aged
15 to 64 years), and the child dependency (ratio of people under 15 to those aged 15 to 64 years.
With this, Solo Parent Programs have to move ideas along the road to action, to develop
knowledge needed, and to apply useful knowledge in the solution of society’s major problems. This is
carried on through the establishment of the programs or activities.
Irawan Solo Parents Association aims to help and uplift it’s members and their children to have a
good quality of life. To help them ensure the well-being and development of their family. To have a
decent, equal, fair and just recognition in the society in addressing their needs and potential role in the
community. A support system that will help them to have an equal fighting chance in life. Celebrating
measure which will increase benefits and additional support for solo parents. The association also
acknowledges the compounding challenges brought by raising a child solely. The financial woes they
face in supporting and providing for their children. The mental health struggles of parenting and the
everyday juggles. The absence of legal protection, outright rejection, mistreatment limitations and equal
opportunities to access to basic services like health, education and social services.
At present, there are seventy-two (72) registered solo parents. Most of them are high school
graduates and no stable job. Therefore, empowering solo parents and promoting gender equality are
crucial to accelerating sustainable development. With the continued growth and development, both
Local Government Unit (LGU) and the community development itself must find a way to address the
myriad problems in the community by raising the income of the solo parents to improve the lives of
the deprived, depressed, and the underprivileged (DDU) solo parents.
With these in mind, the researchers are motivated to conduct the study to assess the
implementation of the Solo Parent Program project activities in Barangay Irawan a basis for additional
project activities specifically designed to improve the different aspects of human development like
economic, social, spiritual etc.

D. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Review of Related Literature:
This chapter discusses related literature and studies from local and foreign sources which are
significant and relevant to this particular study. These literature and studies herein cited give valuable insights
and information in the formulation and development of this investigation. Furthermore, this chapter presents
the conceptual framework and definition of terms.
This study is anchored on Maslow’s Theory of Needs pointed out that needs are similar to instinct and
play a major role in motivating behavior. This theory is particularly useful in understanding how change
agents mobilize communities into action and eventually get their all buy-in, in development propose ad
implement. Community project is successfully attained when an analysis of the community’s need is
undertaken. A needs assessment is important for determining addressing needs, or “gaps” between current
conditions and desired conditions or “wants”. This discrepancy between the current condition and wanted
condition must be measured to appropriately identify the need. The need can be a desire to improve current
performance or to correct deficiency.
According to Steve Rose social needs are fundamental when it comes to living a good life. There is a
need a perceived sense of personal significance, achieved through a perceived sense of both social
belonging and social contribution.
Community Development is well-defined as a process where community members come together to

take collective action and generate solutions to common problems. Also, International Association for
Community Development clearly described as a professional discipline, "a practice-based profession and an
academic discipline that promotes participative democracy, sustainable development, rights, economic
opportunity, equality and social justice, through the organization, education and empowerment of people
within their communities, whether these be of locality, identity or interest, in urban and rural settings".
The community development when it is being done well, combines various functions: helping people
set up groups, supporting forums and networks, and organizing events and activities that enable people to
work together across organizational and community boundaries. It actively tackles the division social
exclusion and discrimination that deter some people in communities from participating in activities and
decision-making. It also works with public authorities and agencies to help them understand and engage with
the community they serve, and facilitate links upwards, downwards, horizontally across communities and
agencies. At the health of the practice is set of values about collective working, equality and justice, learning
and reflecting, participation, political awareness and sustainable change. It is this combination of roles,

values responsibilities and spheres of operation that give community development its distinctive character.
Additionally, If there was no community development…what does a locality look like without an active
community development presence? There are few community groups, these may be small and exclusive,
and many people do not realize the issues and concern them are shared by others and can be affected by
joint action. The most disadvantaged people receive poor quality public service yet are least confident and
skilled at representing their needs to authorities; sections of the local population are not able to participate in
activities that are intended for the whole community because prejudices, assumptions, and cultural
differences are not tackled. Community leaders and representatives are not properly selected and
accountable, and may struggle or be ineffective on partnership boards. Public agencies and departments that
need to engage with local communities are unaware of each other’s efforts lack insight into how communities
work and have few channels for dialogue with them. (http://www.iacdglobal.org.files/commdevchalllenge-
summary.pdf).
Community based projects are implemented with aims of promoting improved livelihood of a
community. Therefore, community-based projects should contribute to overall development and welfare of the
community. This can be assessed by use of indicators like: an increase in social services such as good
housing, education, better healthcare, improved nutrition, clean environment and access to safe and clean
water. In addition, it should promote increase in household income levels to enable them meet their needs as
well as save for future use.
An important first step in meeting the needs of the community is to ascertain what these needs are
and what services already exist within the local area to address them. To be most effective, local need
analysis should be both an ongoing process and an activity that builds the capacity of the community.
Thus, improving the quality of life of a community depends to a very great extent on the people
themselves who form that community. Community development is a partnership among the community
developer, the people of the community and other agencies in improving the standards of life of the
community. The people of the community must be willing to give their share in the work. Through community
development the people develop a common feeling of solidarity and become aware that they can achieve
positive changes in themselves. They come to realize that life has meaning and all activities should be guided
by its meaning.
Further, this section presents from books, publications and articles that have bearing to the present
study. It includes the Solo Parent Act otherwise known as Republic Act 8972 which was signed into law by
President Joseph E. Estrada in 2000.
Section 4 of Article of the RA 8972 which states that, “The State promotes the family as the foundation

of the nation, strengthen its solidarity and ensure its total development. On the other hand, Section 15 of RA
8972 where a comprehensive program of services for solo parents and their families will be developed by
the DSWD, DOH, DepEd, CHED, TESDA, DOLE, NHA and DILG, in coordination with local government units
and non-governmental organizations with proven track record in providing services for solo parents. The
DSWD shall coordinate with concerned agencies the implementation of the comprehensive package of social
development and welfare services. The package will initially include: (a) Livelihood development services,
which include training on livelihood skills, basic business management, value orientation and the provision of
seed capital or job placement.
In addition, Sec. 22 mandated the DepEd, CHED and TESDA to provide the following benefits and
privileges: (a) Scholarship programs for qualified solo parents and their children in institutions of basic, tertiary
and technical/skills education; (b) Non-formal education programs appropriate for solo parents and their
children. Additionally, RA 8972 or the Solo Parent’s Welfare Act provides for benefits and privileges to solo
parents and their children. It aims to develop a comprehensive package of social development and welfare
services for solo parents and their children to be carried out by the Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD), as the lead agency, various government agencies including NSO and other related
NGOs.
Sec. 27 of the Article of RA 8972 gives an additional powers and functions of the DSWD. The
following are the additional powers and functions relative to the welfare and development of solo parents and
their families: (a) Conduct research necessary to: (1) develop a new body of knowledge on solo parents; (2)
define executive and legislative measures needed to promote and protect the interest of solo parents and
their children; and (3) assess the effectiveness of policies and programs designed for solo parents and their
children; The commissioning or contracting out for the conduct of said research shall be inherent in the
performance of herein function; (b) Coordinate the activities of various government agencies, LGUs, and non-
government organizations engaged in promoting and protecting the interests of solo parents and their
children; (c) Coordinate the dissemination of information concerning the benefits of the Act and these Rules,
as well as other advocacy activities; and (d) Monitor the implementation of the provisions of this Act and
suggest mechanisms by which such provisions are efficiently and effectively implemented.
Section 9 of Republic Act No. 11861 states that the DepEd, CHED, TESDA shall provide scholarship
programs for solo parents and a full school scholarship for (1) child of a solo parents in institutions of basic,
higher and technical vocational skills education: Provided, That the said solo parent or child of a solo parent
has all the qualifications set for the scholarship program of the DepEd, CHED or TESDA. The LGUs shall
ensure that the budget for social safety assistance is included in the calamity funds of LGUs.
At present, Solo Parent Family case is continuously growing in number. One of the current reforms of

the government is to implement measures to address the root causes of the rising of teenage pregnancies.
President Rodrigo Duterte signed Executive Order no. 141, 2021. It should be given proper attention as a
social and sociological problem.
Thus, Expanded Solo Parent Welfare Act Benefits or known as Republic Act 11861, directs the
Department of Social Welfare and Development Secretary, in coordination with other agencies, to develop a
“comprehensive package” of social protection services for solo parents and their families which includes
livelihood opportunities, legal advice and assistance, counseling services, parent effectiveness services, and
stress debriefing, among others, regardless of financial status. It allows for a P 1,000 monthly cash allowance
for solo parents earning minimum wage, and a 10% discount on certain medicines and food supplements
purchased by low-income solo par cost housing, coverage from Philippine Health Insurance Corp., and
educational scholarships for children. Social needs are essential when it comes to living a good life.
Furthermore, Republic Act No. 9710 or The Magna Carta of Women defines Gender and
Development Program (GAD) as the development perspective and process that is participatory and
empowering, equitable, sustainable, free from violence, respectful of human rights, supportive of self-
determination and actualization of human potentials. It seeks to achieve gender equality as a fundamental
value that should be reflected in development choices and contends that women are active agents of
development, not just passive recipients of development. GAD focuses on Gender Mainstreaming or a
strategy for: making women’s as well as men’s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the
design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of policies, programs and projects in all social, political,
civil, and economic spheres so that women and men benefit equally; assessing the implications for women
and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programs in all areas and at all levels.
The Family Code of the Philippines Article 149 declared that, the family is a fundamental social
institution that is valued and protected by public policy. Moreover, Desmond Tutu (2018) said that, “Family is
the basic foundation for development of a child. The way a child is loved, cared and nurtured provides
opportunity for a child to be better in his life in future”. Section 3 paragraph 5 of RA 8972 states that Solo
parents are individuals in either one of these categories: "Parent left alone with parenthood liability for at least
one (1) year due to legal separation or de facto separation from spouse, as long as he/she is entrusting with
the custody of the children". Furthermore, paragraph 6 of Section 3, the court or the church's decree on the
declaration of nullity or annulment of marriage, he/she is responsible for the custody of the children, the
parent left alone or alone with the burden of parenthood, "A parent left alone with the responsibility of
parenthood due to death of a spouse" (paragraph2 (a) Section3, RA 8972), and; "Parent left solo with the
obligation of parenthood for at least one year due to the abandonment of spouse " (paragraph 7 (a) Section 3,
RA 8972).

Dagupon (2022) quoted in her study that in 2015, the Philippine Statistics Authority calculable that
three million family heads were not married; most of them were feminine, concerning two million.
Furthermore, the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) Report (2020), solo parenthood has various reasons
and different forms: overseas work, abandonment, widowhood, incarceration, legal or factual separation,
annulment, adoption, or a toddler out of wedlock because of poor education. But in this study, solo-
parenthood is the results of the absence of a husband or wife who are suffered from economic crisis that their
income is below the poverty line threshold. And, the best way to decrease poverty is to give job opportunities
to the unemployed. It was found out that the solo parent’s physical status was undernourished due to poor
and inadequate diet. They were mentally and emotionally distressed, due to greater responsibilities and the
feeling of betrayal. In addition, the lack of awareness to the Solo Parents Association which could assist
them with their issues. The majority of the respondents have experienced financial difficulty because they lack
regular source of income to sustain their needs.
Related to the earlier provision, the Commission on Higher Education Institutions have to be attentive
about the changing demands of the people. The institution which concerns about the public demands and
design their product and providing service according to it will be considered as a socially responsible
institution. It is concluded that people do not all move uniformly along a hierarchy of needs, and people have
different ways of expressing their needs, so there will still some difference of opinion about social
responsibility. An important first step in meeting the needs of the community is to ascertain what these needs
are and what services already exist within the local area to address them. To be most effective, local need
analysis should be both an ongoing process and an activity that builds the capacity of the community. That,
institution has to play a very definite role to fulfill the demands, needed by the general people. One way to
realize the mandate is to collaborate with various community stakeholders on an organized extension service
activity to address social issues and problems in the community.
Progress is the road towards social transformation. Positive approach to social change results in
betterment of society, improving human and social conditions. Social change refers to a process responsive
to many types of changes; it changes the man in made condition of life; to changes in the attitudes and beliefs
of men, and to the changes that go beyond the human control to the biological and the physical nature of
things. According to Heraclitus, “change is the only constant life for everything in this world is changing over
time.
RELATED STUDIES

Foreign
Stack & Meredith (2017) quoted that Single parent families are at high risk of financial hardship which
may impact on psychological wellbeing. went without food and struggled to pay bills. Isolation, anxiety,
depression, paranoia, and suicidal thoughts were described. The author recommended that support for single
parents must acknowledge the impact of social circumstances and give more consideration economic drivers
of distress. Worries in financial stability were very evident for the single parents, especially in providing for
their child’s needs. Some of them struggle with this because of the absence of their partners. These parents
face financial problems as they have difficulties sharing childcare and financial responsibilities with their
partners (Bahk, 2021)
Qin Li concluded that single mothers are left behind in four respects: lower income and worse
economic conditions, lower employment and career development opportunities, worse physical and mental
health, and poorer interpersonal relationships and less chance of remarriage.
Burgund,,et.al. (2013) recommended that, it is necessary to improve living standards of single-parent

families - improve economic situation of single-parent families, to ensure the effective realization of alimony
and provide employment and vocational adjustment with parental roles. Then there is a respect to information
about rights and the availability of support: Single parents should be informed about their rights and possible
forms of assistance; Ensure availability of professional psychological help for single parent and child; Provide
counseling and practical support to socially isolated single mothers; and, Encourage the establishment and
operation of the association for single parents.
most single mothers interviewed were

highly involved in their children’s education. It is therefore, recommended that, government should set
up an agency that will ensure that single mothers who are financially handicapped are empowered
with different jobs and fully established in order to ensure a better socio-economic status to eradicate
the stereotype belief of poverty in single mother homes. In addition, government should set up an
organization to train and motivate young single mothers about the basic principles of parenting and
importance of parenting to ensure that their children realize their potential
A two - years Covid-19 Pandemic crisis has been a big challenge to all solo parents: facing
unemployment due to loss of job opportunities, job instability, low paid job, and limited time to guide their
children. Apart from it, parents play a vital role as home facilitators and their primary role in modular learning
is to establish a connection and guide the child. Thus, this learning modality has passed on a big
responsibility to the parents since, according to the Department of Education (DepEd), parents and guardians
perform the various roles in modular distance learning. This crucial role of parents in implementing various
remote learning modalities amid the COVID-19 crisis was also expressed by Manila Times (2020).

In this new normal of schooling, parents play a crucial role in shaping the character of their children
and encouraging them to learn. Parents have been known to be a child’s first teacher from the moment they
are born and as they mature into adults. The traditional role of parents involve teaching, guiding, and raising
children to become strong standing members of the communities. With this pandemic, parents have to take
up the role of being both parent and teacher. Parents were faced with the new challenge of being both parent
and teachers at the same time and they may have felt like their space has been raided by their children and
they were all trying to figure out how to balance between working from home and ensuring their children stay
on track with their learning. It is important that our children feel supported in their academics, as this is also a
new adjustment to them.
Solo parents are likely to make twice as much effort as they can to make enough money for their
dependent child. The working poor solo parent is the individuals who are spend 27 weeks or more (either
employed or actively seeking work) and yet have an income below the poverty level. The Labor Statistics
Bureau reports that 10.6 million people in 2012 were considered working poor, including many single parents.
The effect can be even more staggering that results in acquiring more work to make additional income.
(Universal Class, n.d.). Therefore, a father or a mother's absence has a significant impact not only on the
child but also on the single parent. A household without the presence of another affects many aspects of the
family situation. By setting up the needs and future of their lives, single parents bound up in raising the child,
playing the absent parent's role that a child needs most significantly in growing up. Makura,et.al (2020)
quoted that there is a significant relationship between single-mother parenting and students’ academic
performance.
Mello,et.al. (2016) cited that solo parent faced a variety of problems in the financial area. A majority of
single parents experienced financial difficulties in meeting the basic needs of children such as providing good
food, clothing and school fees. The most frequent item on which they tried to cut down the expenses were
clothing, food, social and recreational activities.
Widiyanti (2018) concluded that women in poverty discourse are considered as a highly vulnerable
group. Women empowerment through micro-financing program is the appropriate way to solve the issue of
woman poverty. Additionally, women who often had difficult credit access in a formal financial institution,
become facilitated in accessing capital to improve her business by the existence of woman cooperative.
Cooperative is an organization who depicts social capital, which has important elements that refer to network,
trust, and norm. The objective of this study was to found out the effect of network, trust, and norm as social
capital dimension toward women empowerment and its impact toward poverty.
Maldonado and Nieuwenhuis (2018) mentioned that single parent families face triple bind is because
of inadequate resources, inequitable employment opportunities, and policies that did not support them.

Therefore, in every project activity, it is mandated to have an effective system. The activities contribution in
the attainment of the objectives of the program is very essential. Any information can be provided both
monitoring and evaluation system, which provide information, required by the policy makers, trainers, and the
trainees involved in the program. Further research on chronic poverty and revisiting of policies and guidelines
are needed to ensure right implementation of designed goals and objectives.
Burgund, A., Pantelic, M., & Milanović, M.D. (2013) identified the major issues confronting single-
parent families and to collect suggestions for improving their social standing and to persuade policymakers to
include solo-parent families as a vulnerable group in legal regulations. They recommended that it is
necessary to improve solo-parent families' living standards - to improve their economic situation, to ensure
the effective realization of alimony, and to provide employment and vocational adjustment with parental roles.
Moreover, they also recommended that the solo parents’ should be informed about their rights and the
availability of support, ensure the availability of professional psychological help for single parent and child;
provide counseling and practical support to socially isolated single mothers; and encourage the establishment
and operation of a solo parent association.
Local
Lopez, Glenn, et. al. (2019) the study revealed that 62% were under low-income or unemployed
conditions and facing financial hardship, while the rest were engaged in rather stable job opportunities. He
mentioned that common skills among the low-income group were gathering shells and fishing, food vending
and abaca stripping. Therefore, concluded in their study that solo parents possess livelihood skills that are
potential sources of additional income. The common skills are gathering shells and food vending, abaca
stripping, and fish gathering, respectively. The most of the identified solo parents’ have skills in cooking, hog-
raising, and sewing. Moreover, the opportunity for intervention is marketing strategy to enhance
entrepreneurial skill needed. Majority of solo parents have been trained to produce goods, however did not
prosper due to lack of prospective buyers.
Garcia (2021) findings suggested that in terms of challenges, they struggled mainly in financial and
emotional support. The participants find it challenging to provide for themselves as they do not have partners
responsible for the family. Therefore, work and the participants' family's support are the sources for providing
the child's needs. It is noticeable even on the complete families that they are leaning on these ways. Filipinos
are known to have a tight culture that impacts the orientation of a family. However, the findings suggested
that the participants are more likely to be non-restrictive, particularly in teaching their children. Also, other
parents are considered to be restrictive in their parenting style. These single parents have their ways of
disciplining their children to be responsible for themselves. There is individual assistance from the
government that can help, specifically the single parents. But, based on the result, the participants included

themselves on other government benefits. It is also evident to the findings that there are single parents who
are non-beneficiaries even though they are aware of it. In general, the government has the responsibility and
accountability that will support their citizens according to their duty. People have the right to be treated
equally. Equality is ensured for everyone to be equal regardless of their race, gender, religion, age, and
status. Common programs for single mothers include entrepreneurship capacity and financial aid. A two-
pronged approach for Southeast Asian Countries which incorporates accessible childcare services and
vocational training programs is recommended to achieve more promising outcomes for single mothers.
In the study of Manalo (2019), in terms of the professional responsibilities of the solo parents, the
findings revealed that being a solo parent has an impact on the parents' academic performance because they
lack time and are unable to focus on their graduate studies. Some of them are unable to comply and submit
their requirements on time, and they must work before attending school. She also found out that the problems
faced by solo parents include financial difficulties, negative attitudes and support from peers and society,
difficulty balancing their personal and professional lives, low self-esteem and a fear of asking for help from
others, and a lack of quality time with children.
Farnacio, et.al (2021) argued that the Expanded Solo Parents’ Welfare Act of 2020, upon the recent
amendments, is not sufficient to address the goals of the policy to raise living standards of Filipino solo
parents.
Liwayway G. Dagupon and Zosima C. Garin (2022) recommended that to improve living conditions of
solo parents and their children include focusing on healthy lifestyles like eating nutritious food, getting enough
rest, and regular exercise. Making themselves busy and more productive to replace negative thoughts. Assist
them in vegetable farming, and creation of livelihood projects as a source of regular income.
The present study is seen to be familiar with the aforementioned study. The author discussed the
financial struggles of working women at barangay Irawan while the present study focuses on the assessment
of project activities that can improve the living conditions of solo parents and their children focusing on
healthy lifestyles like eating nutritious food, getting enough rest, and regular exercise. Making themselves
busy and more productive to replace negative thoughts. Assist them in vegetable farming, and the creation of
livelihood projects as an additional source of income. Because of this, they need help, especially from the
local government unit and other government agencies, for them to grow their economy.
Citing the above-mentioned readings, the researchers gained more insights and knowledge on the
enhancement of policies and guidelines that will serve as a guide for solo parents’ programs that later on will
strengthen the project activities implementation

Conceptual Framework
Two factors will be considered under the independent variables such as the implementers (solo parent
coordinators/ LGU Officials) and beneficiaries of the Solo Parent project activities which consist of registered
solo parents. Meanwhile, the Solo Parent project implementation to the community such as livelihood,
environmental awareness, health and literacy are the expected output which are deemed as the depended
variables of the study.
The efficient implementation of the Solo Parent project will directly or indirectly be affected by the
interplay of these dependent and independent variables.
Two groups of respondents, the Solo Parent beneficiaries and Solo Parent project implementers were
asked to asked the implementation of the program. In addition, the said respondents will be asked to give the
problems they experienced during the implementation of the program. They are likewise requested to suggest
corresponding solutions.
Conceptually, this study assumes that the success of the program implementation depends on the
perception of the target beneficiaries and how they benefit from the program which will lead a basis for future
project activities.
This concept is illustrated in the research paradigm as shown in the next page.

Research Paradigm
E. MATERIALS & METHODS (include research design, data gathering instrument, sampling method, statistical tests)
Methodology
This chapter deals with the methodology used by the researchers in the conduct of the study. This
discusses further the respondents, the data gathering instruments, procedure to gather needed data.
Research Design
The study used the mixed method research design. This method describes the Solo Parent project
activities implemented in Barangay Irawan, Puerto Princesa City such as livelihood, financial literacy,
environmental awareness, and health and nutrition. The instruments used to gather information were through
the usage of researcher-made questionnaires, documentary analysis, and Key Informant Interview with the
identified solo parent- respondents. The analysis of documents included (1) Republic Act 8972 or known as
the Solo Parent Act. The researchers were facilitated the interview in order to determine the gaps and identify
the issues which pertains to program project activities implementation. Also, the researchers gathered data
from the primary sources and these were validated by the different Key Informants.
Research Instrument

The researcher utilized the researchers’ made questionnaires as the main tools in gathering the data
needed to answer the questions in this study. These were administered to the Solo Parent Implementers,
barangay officials. There were one set of questionnaires to both implementers and beneficiaries. The
questionnaire will consist of two parts. Part A was the profile of the implementers and the beneficiaries such
as gender, age, marital status, no. of children, occupation, monthly income, educational attainment, no. of
years of being a solo parent. Part B, were the perceptions of the implementers and beneficiaries on the
implementation of the project activities of Solo Parent. The researcher used a 4 -point scale parameters and
the data obtained interpreted as to the extent of implementation and perception of the implementers and
beneficiaries on the project activities of Solo Parent Program in Barangay Irawan, Puerto Princesa City.
This was validated by conducting Key Informant Interview (KII) to the Barangay Chairman, Solo
Parent Coordinator and Key Official of the Local Government Units (LGU).
Population and Sample
This study gathered data were from the people of the community who were registered solo parents
and active participants of the Solo Parent Program rendered in their respective Barangay.
The population comprised of Solo Parent Implementers (LGU and Coordinators, President), Barangay
Officials, registered solo parents who were asked to rate or evaluate the implementation of Solo Parent
project activities. The participants of different project activities of Barangay Irawan Solo Parent Program are
the respondents of this study. These beneficiaries were based on the record of the Solo Parent Implementers
who knew well on their participation, attendance as well as their performance during the conduct of project
activities.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers commenced with a letter of request for permission and sent this to their office to
conduct an interview, address this to the LGU- Solo Parent Focal Person to gather data needed in the study.
The researchers asked permission from the barangay officials to allow them to distribute the questionnaires to
the respondents. Aside from the questionnaires, the Key Informant Interview (KII) was conducted to validate
the answers to the questionnaires and to generate more information. However, before conducting the primary
survey, the researchers had a dry run among working men and women who were not part of the study. The
dry run was conducted to determine the clarity and interpretability of each of the statements given in the
instruments.

The data gathered from the instruments used in this study were treated and analyzed using the SPSS
package software. The descriptive statistics were taken, such as the frequency, percentage, mean, and
ranking.
A Likert scale used to measure the degree to which the respondents agree or disagree with certain
statements about conditions necessary for the development of the individual and the community as well.
The researchers used the cronbach’s alpha to see the reliability of a survey questionnaire that was
made up of multiple Likert- type scales and items. The following scale was used to interpret the responses
given by the implementers and the beneficiaries in the evaluation instrument.
Scale Verbal Interpretation

0.99 – 1.00 Needs Improvement
1.01 – 1.99 Less Satisfactory
2.00 – 2.99 Satisfactory
3.00 – 4.00 Very Satisfactory
Statistical Treatment
A Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) will be used to treat the data gathered for the study. To
attain the objectives of the study, the following statistical tools will be used: frequency count and percentages,
mean, and ranking to describe the implementation of Solo Parent Program project activities to the residents of
Barangay Irawan.
Ethical Considerations
The main ethical principles considered in conducting this research study were confidentiality,
beneficence-do not harm, and informed consent.
At every stage of the procedure, researchers protected the study data. Self-administered surveys
were done to preserve the respondents' identity and privacy and researchers made questionnaire not be
numbered to guarantee that the respondents' privacy is protected. The respondents were provided a written
guarantee that the information was kept private.
Informed consent sought from the beneficiaries’ respondents. Before consent is sought, the
researchers gave details of the nature and purpose of the research, the potential subjects, who had the
access to the data and the proposed outcome of the study in an appropriate language that the respondents
can understand. Completion of the questionnaire by the respondents were considered as their giving consent
to be involved in the study. The respondents were given enough time to consider their involvemen

F. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (Include tables)
This chapter presents, analyses, and interpretation of the data gathered about the Solo Parent’s
Projects from 2017-2022 along livelihood, environmental awareness, health and nutrition, and literacy.
Table 1
Personal Characteristics of Beneficiaries Respondents of Solo Parents’ Project
Year: 2017-2022 (N=71)

Personal Characteristics Frequency Percent (%)

Sex
Male 10 14.1
Female 61 85.9
No Answer
Age as of last birthday
21-25 5 7
26-30 8 11.20
31-35 12 16.8
36-40 11 15.4
41-45 17 23.8
46-50 9 12.6
Above 50 5 7
No Answer 4 5.6
Marital Status
Single 37 52.1
Married 15 21.1
Widow 13 18.3
Separated 4 5.6
Others 1 1.4
Number of Children
Dependent 131 81.0
Independent 19 19.0
Below 3 56 35.0
4-6 11 7.0
Above 6 2 2.8
No Answer 2 2.8
Occupation
Government Employee 8 11.3
Private Employee 5 7.0
Self-Employed 33 46.5
Average Monthly Family
Income
< P 5,000 47 66.2
5,001- 7,500 7 9.9
7,501-10,000 2 2.8
10,001-12,500 2 2.8
12,501-15,000 3 4.2
15,001-17,500 1 1.4
17,501-20,000 1 1.4
20,001-25,000 1 1.4
25,001-30,000 3 4.2
30,001-35,000 1 1.4
40,001-45,000 1 1.4
No answer 2 2.8
Educational Attainment
Elementary level 9 12.7
High School level 10 14.1
High School Graduate 18 25.4
College level 14 19.7
College Graduate 14 19.7
Post Graduate 1 1.4
Vocational Graduate 3 4.2
No response 2 2.8
Skills
Agro-Entrepeneurship 25 35.21
Food Processing 35 49.29
Dressmaking 11 15.50

G. CONCLUSIONS
Local Government Unit (LGU) should pay more attention to the depressed, deprived,
underprivileged solo parents in the field of income, employment opportunities and professional
development of Barangay Irawan. Based on the Solo Parent Act, this study assessed the
implementation of projects activities along livelihood, environmental, health and literacy. The result of
the study which become the basis for solo parents’ future project activities would give the
opportunities to acquire skills and knowledge that later on could be very beneficial to them.
To contextualize, two factors were considered under the independent variables such as the
implementers and beneficiaries of the solo parent project activities which consist of all registered solo
parents during the conduct of the study.
Two groups of respondents were part of the study, where seventy-one (71) solo parent
beneficiaries and six (6) were implementers, they assessed the implementation of the project activities.
Additionally, the respondents were asked to give the problems they experienced during the
implementation of the project activities.
Based on the results of this study, the researchers came out with the following conclusions:
1. Majority of the solo parents were female, in their adulthood, single, self-employed, abandoned by
their partners, with average 2 children, mostly were high school graduates. Consequently, they
were baby sitters, laborers and house helpers, food business vendor as the main source of
income, earning and live below the poverty line threshold income, and has been a solo parent for a
few years.
2. There were no sustainable solo parent program project activities implemented due to a limited
funds. Most of the respondents were experienced poverty and financial difficulty, with no regular
income that would sustain their basic needs.
3. Notably, most of the solo parents demanded to have a regular source of income that will sustain
at least the immediate needs of their family.
4. The researchers proposed programs, project activities to address the financial struggles of solo
parenting.
H. RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the results, and conclusions of this study, the researchers offered the following
recommendations:

1. There should be a proper coordination/dialogue with concerned LGU officials and project
beneficiaries to increase the awareness on different economic issues of the solo parents.
2. There is a need to strengthen the partnership collaboration between the association, local
government units and with other government agencies both private and public sectors like CHED
and TESDA to provide adequate educational assistance.
3. Establishment of linkages with NGOs, NGAs, and LGUs for additional technical support and
funding to ensure the realization and success of the solo parents’ project activities. Forging of
memoranda of agreement between the University, TESDA, Local Government Unit /CSWD/ and
the Solo Parents Association - beneficiaries.
4. Solo Parents Association should adopt the proposed sustainable livelihood and skills training
services package which include training on livelihood skills, environmental awareness and
survival training, basic business management, health care for self-improvement through
partnership with CHED & TESDA to help the solo parents to use scarce resources properly as
their source of living especially those who did not finish their education.
5. Creation of income-generating activity such as livelihood programs particularly food processing,

intensification of hydroponic farming (vegetable production) by distribution of seeds/ seedlings that
later on could be an additional source income for solo parents.
6. There should be LGU-CSWD/DSWD/solo parents association partnership with the cooperatives

micro-finance and other financial services especially for women in providing soft loans as start-up
capital to finance small business for solo parents.
7. There should be a proper monitoring and evaluation of the program project activities to identify the
strengths and weaknesses of the program.
8. Future studies on impact assessment studies.

I. REFERENCES (APA 6th edition)
Anita Burgund,et.al (2013). Single–parent families–social status, needs and challenge A.burgund, Single-
Parent Human, Volume 3, Issue 1, 2013.
Bahk, E. (2021, January 21). Single-parent families suffer financial difficulties. The Korea Times. Retrieved
from https://m.koreatimes.co.kr/pages/article.asp?newsIdx=272753&fbclid=IwAR1RRG6-
94sLWgE61CHkrnp0M8etRyKX-BCY8QHrihYu8YPUEl-UNXTmqPQ
Burgund, A., Pantelic, M., & Milanović, M.D. (2013). SINGLE–PARENT FAMILIES–SOCIAL STATUS,
NEEDS AND CHALLENGES. Journal Human Research in Rehabilitation.
Garcia, Stephen Ryan,et.al. (2021). Inang Tatay: The Journey of Single Moms Amidst COVID 19 Pandemic.
International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education. Volume 7,Issue 1.2021.
Lino, Mark (1994). Income and spending patterns of single-mother families (bls.gov)/
opub/mlr/1994/05/art5full.pdf
Liwayway G. Dagupon,et.al.(2022). Lived Experiences of Solo Parents: A Case Study. International Journal
of Advanced Research and Publications ISSN: 2456-9992. Volume 5 Issue 4, April 2022.retrieved from:
Lived-Experiences-Of-Solo-Parents-A-Case-Study.pdf (ijarp.org).
Lopez, Glenn, et.al. (2019). Socio-economic status and livelihood prospects of solo parents in Catanduanes,
Philippines. Kuroshio Science 13-1, 53-61.
Makura, Alfred,et.al (2020). Perceived Effects Of Single-Mother Parenting On Students' Academic

Performance In Selected High Schools In Free State, South Africa
Maldonado, L.& Nieuwenhuis, R. (2018). Why Single Parents Family are in the Triple Bind. Https. 2018 March
8.
Marianne Farnacio and Glovin Lorraine Salum Reye (2021). Solo Parents' Poverty Situation in the
Philippines: A Qualitative and Policy Evaluation Study.
Mello, Laveena,et.al. (2016). “A Study on the Challenges Faced by Single Parent on Teenager Care”,
International Journal of Advanced Trends in Engineering and Technology, Page Number 54-59, Volume 1,
Issue 1.
Qin Li (2020). Mothers Left without a Man: Poverty and Single Parenthood in China.Social Inclusion (ISSN:
2183–2803) 2020, Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages 114–122 DOI: 10.17645/si.v8i2.267

Stack RJ, Meredith, Stack (2017). The Impact of Financial Hardship on Single Parents: An Exploration of the
Journey From Social Distress to Seeking Help. J Fam Econ Issues. 2018;39(2):233-242. doi:
10.1007/s10834-017-9551-6. Epub 2017 Oct 17. PMID: 29755247; PMCID: PMC5932102.
Tomaro, Queenie Pearl Villalon, et.al. (2021). Singled Out: Invisibilization of Single Mothers in Social Welfare
and Protection Policies. Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan E-ISSN:2337-8220/ P-ISSN:1907-8374
Widiyanti, Endah et.al. (2018). Tackling Poverty Through Women Empowerment: The Role of Social Capital
In Indonesian Women’s Cooperative. Jurnal Ekonomi & Studi Pembanangunan, ISSN 2086-1575. Retrieved
from http://journal.um.ac.id/index.php/jesp/article/view/10143
Online Services:
http://www.iacdglobal.org.files/commdevchalllenge-summary.pdf
Republic Act 8972: Solo Parent’s Welfare Act of 2000, An Act Providing for Benefits and Privileges to
Solo Parents and their children. https://pcw.gov.ph.act-8972-parents-we
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1987/07/06/executive-order-no-209-s-1987/
https://psa.gov.ph/statistics/survey/labor-force/lfs/2020
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_development
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307758370_Single_Parent_Families).
Executive Order No. 141, s. 2021 | Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines

Table 1. Proposed Program Project Activities

PERSONS EXPECTED
AREA OBJECTIVE ACTIVITIES BUDGET
INVOLVED OUTCOME
A. Livelihood Project
A. Food  Conduct lecture-demo  Solo parents 30,000.00  NC II Food
Processing This course on food processing, on Processing
involves food how to prepare meat  Resource person Certification from
handling, substitutes making use from CHED TESDA
of vegetables available (selected CBA
packaging, and
around Faculty) &  Additional source
operating TESDA Trainer, of income
common food Department of
 Creation of income-
processing Agriculture (DA)  Employment
generating activity such
equipment. This as livelihood program
short program will
let a solo parent
beneficiaries
know how to
practice food
safety and
sanitation prior of
packaging
processed or
finished food
products.
 Conduct demo- •Solo parents
30,000.00  NC II Agri-Crop
B. Intensification of lectures on
Resource person from Production
hydroponic hydroponic farming
CHED (selected PSU- Certification from
farming To have a regular (vegetables farming),
CBA Faculty), TESDA TESDA
(Vegetables source of income
farming) that will boost Trainer, and
Department of  Additional source
daily earnings to
 Creation of income- Agriculture experts of income/new
sustain the needs
generating activity business
of the family.
such as livelihood
program  employment
B. Environmental Awareness Project

 Conduct lectures on  Solo parents 30,000.00  Having an eco-
A. Advocacies on To increase advocacies on various friendly environment
various awareness on environmental  Resource person
environmental environmental concerns (Zero waste from DRRM
concerns waste management, clean- Lecturers,
(Zero-waste management up drive, clean air, Bureau of Fire &
management, recycling sessions, DENR
clean-up drive, etc.
clean air,
recycling
sessions, etc.

 Solo parents
B. Basic Disaster To equip on basic  Conduct training on 30,000.00  Keep family
Preparedness disaster Disaster Risk  Resource prepared and safe in
and Response preparedness, Management persons from case of emergency
Training safety, and DRRM, Bureau of
(Survival survival training - Fire Prevention Fire, & DENR  Have seminars,
Training) - Earthquake Drill Lecturers trainings & drills for
- Climate Change other possible
Adaptation  PSU CBA disasters
collaboration with
selected CS,
CCJE faculty  Save lives and
possible loss of
resources
C. Health and Nutrition Project
A. Medical, This course will  Conduct lectures on  Solo parents 30,000.00
Dental, Health improve the Health Care and  Physically fit needed
Care and medical, dental Nutrition for daily work
Nutrition and health care of  Resource
solo parents. - Proper Hygiene persons from  More productive
- Healthy, Health Care Unit
Prevention and balanced Meal;
control of - Balanced life  Selected PSU
Malnutrition cases and work CBA Faculty and
of solo parents’ Collaboration
family. with selected
CNHS faculty
B. Mental Health This course will Conduct lectures on 30,000.00  Have a positive
lessen the fears mental illness control and  Solo parents thought in life
and anxiety of prevention
solo parents and  Psychologist/  Maintain optimum
learn the art of Licensed mental health
forgiving and be - Yoga/Zumba
Guidance
able to overcome dance
Counselor  Having a relaxed
the feeling of - Counselling
state of mind
betrayal of their  Collaboration
partners. with selected  Socially active
PSU-OSAS
practitioners
 Yoga Instructors
C. Family  Conduct lectures on  Awareness on

This course will  Solo parents
Planning/ Family Planning and 30,000.00
educate the importance of the
Reproductive Parenthood family planning
mothers on the  Resource person
Health importance of the from DOH-
family planning -' orientation and  Reduce the number
increase awareness Barangay Health
and to Workers & of solo parent young
reduce the unwed on the use of birth mothers
control, like selected PSU
young mothers CBA & CNHS
emergency pills  Promote good family
Faculty
relationship among
- Sex Education, members
parenthood
D. Literacy Project
A. Classes for To capacitate the  Conduct training-  Solo parents 30,000.00 NC III Bookkeeping
OSY and solo parents /OSY workshop on Financial Certification from
Adults on financial / Literacy: Budgeting/  Resource person TESDA
(Financial money Money Management, from CHED-& Accomplishment
Literacy, management, investment and savings TESDA Trainer Report
Budgeting, budgeting and - Bookkeeping
Savings, savings, training  Selected PSU-
Investment, investment CBA Faculty
etc.
B. Lecture on To capacitate the  Conduct lectures on  Solo parents 30,000.00 NC II certification from
Recreational Solo parent Training-Workshop  Resource person TESDA
activities and members - Dancing from CHED - Dance
vocational - Massage Therapy (selected CBA & Instructor
learning - Beauty salon PE faculty) - Manicure

(manicure & TESDA Trainers and

pedicure) Pedicure
- Massage
Therapy - Massage
- Manicure & Therapy
Pedicure
To be filled out by the project leader and members
Prepared by:
LEIZEL A. GABALDON, MBA

__________________________________
NAME
Project Leader
Date signed: ________________________
YOLLY B. DEQUITO, MAM ROSEN P. MILAR, MPA

__________________________________ __________________________________
NAME NAME
Project Member Project Member
Date signed: ________________________ Date signed: ________________________
RAMY ANN B. MAIGUE, MBA GLENDA C. JASMIN, MAM

_________________________________ __________________________________
NAME NAME
Project Member Project Member
Date signed: ________________________ Date signed: ________________________
To be filled out by the College Dean and College Research Coordinator
Endorsed by: Noted by:
MARY GRACE A. MASDO, MBA EVELYN B. TOMAS, Ph.D.

_________________________ __________________________
College Research Coordinator College Dean
Date signed: _______________ Date signed: _______________

To be filled out by the University Research Office
Received by:
__________________________________
URO Staff
Date signed: _____________________

Noted by:
__________________________________
Research Director
Date signed: _____________________

Palawan State University: Reference No: Date Filed: Effectivity Date: Revision No.

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Republic of the Philippines

PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

Reference No: Date filed: Effectivity Date: Revision No.:

Project Leader: Leizel A. Gabaldon College/Campus: College of Business & Accountancy

Project Member: Yolly B. Dequito College/Campus: College of Business & Accountancy

Project Member: Rosene P. Milar College/Campus: College of Business & Accountancy

Project Member: Glenda C. Jasmin College/Campus: College of Business & Accountancy

Project Member: College/Campus:

Member Responsibilities No. of hours spent per Remarks

RAMY ANN B. MAIGUE

Duration of the Study (Start and End):

July 2022 – June 2023

Budget/Funding: Php 40,686.00

B. ABSTRACT (150-200 words)

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

C. INTRODUCTION (Brief rationale and review of literature including conceptual framework)

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

D. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Review of Related Literature:

Community Development is well-defined as a process where community members come together to

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

Burgund,,et.al. (2013) recommended that, it is necessary to improve living standards of single-parent

most single mothers interviewed were

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

Population and Sample

Data Gathering Procedure

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

Scale Verbal Interpretation

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

F. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (Include tables)

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Personal Characteristics Frequency Percent (%)

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UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

5. Creation of income-generating activity such as livelihood programs particularly food processing,

6. There should be LGU-CSWD/DSWD/solo parents association partnership with the cooperatives

8. Future studies on impact assessment studies.

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

I. REFERENCES (APA 6th edition)

Makura, Alfred,et.al (2020). Perceived Effects Of Single-Mother Parenting On Students' Academic

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

Table 1. Proposed Program Project Activities

B. Environmental Awareness Project

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

C. Family  Conduct lectures on  Awareness on

UNIVERSITY RESEARCH OFFICE

(manicure & TESDA Trainers and

To be filled out by the project leader and members

LEIZEL A. GABALDON, MBA

Date signed: Date signed:

Date signed: Date signed:

Date signed: _ Date signed: _