Using observation for research.

1)testing method=can be used to tset such things as intelligence, aptitude,

vocational interests.or personality;
2)case-study=in-depth investigation of an individual or a small group from which
generalizations can be drawn;
3)longitudinal method=used to observe the ways in which individuals change over
time, extermemly time-consuming, expensive, and risky;
4)Cross-sectional method=avoid some of the problems with longitudinal studies to
track changes over time using a sample that includes people of different ages,
information less relaiable than information from longitudinal studies, changes
could be due to any other factor;
5)naturalistic-observation method=observation in the "field", or natural
habitat.This is how we got to know all the info we know about animal;
6)laboratory-observtion method=allow psychologits to observe behavior in a lab
instead of in the field, provides a more controlled setting for observation than
naturalistic-observation method.

why lab over naturalistic?

to replicate some conditions, to rule out any other factors.