NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA

UNDERSTANDING
SCIENCE AND ITS
LIMITATION
What are the limits of Science?

MODULE 1 • SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

KHRISTINE L. SANDOVAL
 WHAT'S inside?
1 4 8
Lesson 1 Lesson 1.1 Lesson 1.2
Understanding Knowledge and Subtleties of Modern
Science and Its Modern Science Science
Limitation
Learning Outcomes Self-Check 1.1a Self-Check 1.2
What Do You Already Know? Self-Check 1.1b
What Do You Need to Know?

11 17 21
Lesson 1.3 Lesson 1.4 Summary
The Benefits of STS as Science
Science Education
What’s In It For Me? How Do You Apply What You Learned?
How Well Did You Perform?

22 24 25
Key Terms References Answer Key

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE

 LEARNING OUTCOMES

EXAMINE
1 the subtleties and workings of modern science

COMPARE
2 philosophy and modern science—application and
limitation on your academic program

APPRECIATE
3
the importance of STS education

Start the first lesson

Enjoy the journey!

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE

 I C E B R E A K E R

WHAT DO YOU ALREADY

KNOW?

PLAN YOUR DAY

SET YOUR SPACE

If you have one, follow the
schedule provided by your
Determine how much you
school.
already know about the
task  preparation.
I believe you can recall a
lot.

Photo credits: wallpaperflare

TAKE NOTES

Do a review of your
previous learning about
Science.

INSTRUCTION #2

Make an original   poem or

LESSEN

DISTRACTIONS
compose a song either
Harness your English,  Tagalog or Taglish
imagination and (1-3stanzas)
picture that you're at
school and not at INSTRUCTION #1

home.
What are scientific
Take the challenge and knowledge did you learned
enjoy! in the past 5 years?
List as many as you can.

INSTRUCTION #3

You will perform it Photo credits: alamy stock photo

individually. Have it recorded.
I know you can do it! INSTRUCTION #4

Send your written output

Watch this video for sample and recorded video to your
on Youtube: instructor on MS Teams
Group.
Film Clip: SCIENCE WARS -
Acapella Parody
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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE

Photo credits: facebook

Thank you for being creative. I hope you

enjoyed and have fun in doing this priming
activity. In this moment while watching what
you had sent and reading your ideas and
work, somehow I get to know you. You have
the potential in singing/spoken poetry.
Keep it up! Very good!
3

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE

WHAT DO YOU
NEED TO
KNOW?
LESSON 1.1: KNOWLEDGE
AND MODERN SCIENCE Photo credits: wordpress

Read the Lesson 1.1-1.4 very well then find out how much you
can remember and how much you learned by doing the Self-
Assessment Question Lesson 1.

SCIENTIFIC METHOD identifies

scientific knowledge through
valid and reliable test that will
determine ideas or concepts
truthfully, logically, and
rationally, describing the actual
observations and occurrences in
the universe.
Many philosophers, scientists and science historians today,
however, still have no exact definition of what constitutes a
scientific method.

The scientific method you are familiar with, which is commonly

taught in many science courses at schools and universities, is
known as the POSITIVIST’s scientific method.
Photo credits: vectorstock

Photo credits: olivetree

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE

Self-Check 1.1a
Some of the key assumptions regarding the nature of science and the positivist
approach state that a scientific knowledge must be:
Give your own
Key Assumption Example
example!

Articles A person shivers when his body

EMPIRICALLY OBSERVABLE. It
pertains to gathering of evidences temperature reaches 40°C; and
by utilizing the bodily senses. you will consider him having a
fever.

TESTABLE or VERIFIABLE. It Person A and Person B will feel

means that an idea or concept
must be able to be tested or
validated, and can be repeated for
further verification by some other
people (repeatability).
exactly the same when they both
have the same body temperature.
You can, therefore, say that they
both have a fever if they both have
a 40°C body temperature.

FALSIFIABLE. Which means that

an idea or concept can be
challenged or contradicted with an
opposite or negative idea or
concept, which can also be tested
on the other hand.
Person A and Person B, who have
40°C body temperature, have a
fever while Person C with a body
temperature of 37°C does not
have any fever.

REPETITIVE in a continuous
process, where scientific
knowledge is repeatedly tested,
verified and undergoes further
improvement, otherwise totally
superseded or discarded.
Anyone with 40°C body
temperature will shiver no matter
where he is and what time or date
he encounters it.

OBJECTIVE. It must always be

observed using scientific method,
which can be more effectively Scientific knowledge considers 
implemented through cooperation 37°C  a normal body temperature
with the scientific community and and beyond it can shiver or fever.
learned society through effective
and scholarly communication and
scientific consensus.

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE

SCIENTIFIC
KNOWLEDGE Self-check 1.1b

(1) OBSERVATION Start by writing an

observation.
Scientific observation refers to empirical
observation (meaning utilization of the
bodily senses) to acquire initial data and
information. Intuitions and extrasensory
perception are usually not considered
scientific sources of knowledge, except
if studied in psychology.

(2) DETERMINING THE Next, ask a question.

PROBLEM
This step refers to the deeper inquiry of
knowledge gathered from observation
where questions are framed to guide and
direct the flow of the scientific process.
Also, these questions are usually more
specific rather than generalized,
soliciting answers that must be better
defined, qualifies, and quantified.

(3) FORMULATING A
HYPOTHESIS Then, propose a
hypothesis.
The plural form is hypotheses. It refers to
the construction and presentation of
rational and logical concept or idea that
can tentatively answer the problem that
is being studied. A good hypothesis is a
tentative answer to the research Make predictions.
question, which directs the research
process to certainty, simplicity, and
testability of the concept involved.
 
Continued...
6

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE

...continuation

SCIENTIFIC
KNOWLEDGE Self-check 1.1b

(4) TESTING THE Test your predictions.

HYPOTHESIS
Gathering evidences and
information in this step is carefully
performed by either
experimentation or observation that
can prove or rebut the hypothesis, or
arrive at some other results.

It is crucial at this stage to delve at

the possible existing association,
particularly correlation and causality
behind the subjects being studied.

(5) ANALYSIS Finally, you will have the

opportunity to reflect.
It offers answers to the problems
and arrives at conclusion and
generalization of the knowledge
involved in the scientific process. If
the results yielded are inconclusive,
the process shall be done again with
further refinements of testing or re-
examination; otherwise the whole
concept will be totally discarded for
new ones.

You did well ! 

You can now
move to the
Photo credits:
Labana et. al., 2019 next topic.
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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE

 LESSON 1.2:
SUBTLETIES OF
MODERN SCIENCE

Modern science covers

interdisciplinary fields and disciplines
with an overlapping interest of studies
and engagements. Basic and Applied 
Sciences , also Technology are
What Do You included.

Need to LOGICAL POSITIVISM

Know? is a core
philosophy
engrained in scientific
method stating that
science should be
solely based on
knowledge that is
observable.

Thus, anything that is unobservable is

nonscientific and is not part of the
mainstream science.
This philosophical assumption
undergoes the strict step-by-step
regimen of scientific method.
Photo credits: Labana et. al., 2019

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE

 Self-Check 1.2
Branches of Science: Matching Game

A. The study of the universe beyond Earth.

_____ 1.  Chemistry
B. The study of the composition, structure,
_____ 2.  Physics
properties of matter.
C. The study of the origin and behavior of
_____ 3.  Geology living things
D. The study of interaction and physical
_____ 4.  Astronomy
systems.
_____ 5.  Biology E. The study of the origin, history and
structure of the Earth.
Did you get most the answers correctly? You can check your own answers by
comparing these with those found at the end of the module.

bje ct M a’am?
vorite su
you r fa
t is
You: Wha ISTRY
M
Me: CHE po?
You: Why
n g H istory,
al a m an ta yo
g C h em istry”
Me: “W n naman tayo n
mero HAHAHA

Share what's your

favorite subject?
and why?
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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE

SUBTLETIES OF MODERN SCIENCE
Different major branches of science according to their fields of interest:

LIFE SCIENCES LIFE SCIENCES—study life, its nature, origin and

Biology, Microbiology, Ecology, Anatomy,
Physiology, Genetics, Cell and Molecular Biology,
Zoology, Botany, Mycology,
Parasitology, Taxonomy, Systematics and
Biochemistry
development, and how possible for it to exist on
earth. They also study different life forms, their
characteristics, habitats, and means of
identifying, naming, and classifying them. They
aim to understand our own human body and its
functions, together with our relationship with any
other living things. They explore the interaction
of living things with the other living things, under
the influence of nonliving (abiotic) factors.

PHYSICAL SCIENCES PHYSICAL SCIENCES—understand and predict

Physics, Chemistry, Quantum Mechanics,   physical events, processes, and phenomena
Classical Mechanics, Relativity, Thermodynamics, observed on earth and the universe. They also
Acoustics, Aerodynamics, Nuclear Physics, Earth seek to recognize fundamental physical
Science, Astronomy, and Cosmology concepts about matter, energy, motion, physical
and chemical reactions, electromagnetism,
gravity, radioactivity, and classical and quantum
mechanics.

SOCIAL SCIENCES SOCIAL SCIENCES—describe and explain

Sociology, Economics, Political Science, human behavior and consciousness,
Linguistics, History, Geography, Anthropology,  developments and  attributes of social
Archaeology, and Education interactions and institutions, and progress of
civilization and humanity. They study, compile,
and preserve knowledge and historical
information about humanity for the future.

FORMAL SYSTEMS FORMAL SCIENCES—utilize numbers,

Mathematics, Logic, Statistics, Information and
Computational Sciences
mathematical operations, logical processes, and
formal languages, which can also be useful to
qualify and quantify phenomena in nature. They
develop comprehensive paradigms and faculties
for the facilitation, processing, and transferring of
data and information.

APPLIED SCIENCES APPLIED SCIENCES—develop theoretical

Technology, Engineering, Healthcare, knowledge into a purposive, meaningful, and
Information and Computer Sciences practical application and development of
technologies needed by human beings.

The most of its concepts are abstract, its evidences are independent from actual observation and
experience, and its own proof is the logical process behind the system itself. Here below are the
general scopes of study of these sciences.

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE

LESSON 1.3:
THE BENEFITS OF
SCIENCE I am aware of the
usefulness of science
What Do You Need To Know?
to society and of the
Science has been very instrumental in the development of various benefits society
concepts that are used for the improvement of your daily lives.
derives from it.
Below are some of the greatest contributions of science to
mankind. -Subrahmanyan
Chandrasekhar
1. Life Sciences
            a. Microbiological basis of infectious diseases:
                          Germ Theory
                          Koch’s Postulates

b. Discovery of cell and the concept of cell theory, i.e.:

                          The simplest form of life is cell
                          Cell comes form preexisting cell
 
c. Discovery of DNA (deoxyribonucleicacid) and RNA
                    (ribonucleic acid) as molecules containing
genetic information
 
d. Understanding the anatomy and physiology of
Photo credits: amazon
man, leading to the improvement of different
fields of medicine
Vaccination
Antibiotics
Chemotherapy
Drug discovery
 
  e. Central dogma of
molecular biology and
its implications for genetic
            manipulation
Photo credits: teachwithfergy Photo credits: answersingenesis
Cross breeding
Photo credits: thednalab
Genetic engineering
Mutation
  Cancer

Photo credits: Healthcareinamerica Photo credits: Vectorstock

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE

 2. Physical Sciences

a Photo credits: exora b Photo credits: yanmar

c Photo credits: 123rf d Photo credits: Britannica

a. Discovery of electricity and magnetism, i.e.:

Light energy | Radio-wave propagation for telecommunication | Electric current for electricity

b. Invention of efficient machines and equipment

Steam and diesel engine | Dynamos

c. Theory of relativity leading to develop satellite technology

Global Positioning Systems (GPS) | Telecommunication satellites

d. Quantum mechanics giving to explore applications of:

Electronics | Semiconductors
Thermonuclear energy of fission and fusion nuclear reactions
 Communications and computational systems

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE

 3.  Social Sciences
a. Improvement of economics,

governance, and education

systems

Theoretical and practical framework for a

feasible

 Sustainable and democratic approach on

social problems and challenges:
                Market systems b. Theories describe the

                Government systems phenomenon of social

                Academic curriculums behavior in humans

Socioeconomic planning
Social works and development

c. Understanding of the

beginning and development

of human society

Anthropology d. Preservation and transfer

Archaeology of human knowledge from

Sociology generation to generation, i.e.:

 History
Sociology
Culture
Tradition and language studies

4.  Formal Sciences

a. Mathematical and

statistical symbols and b. Processors, database, and

operations data repository to manage

big amounts of data and

Logical processes and the other types information
of formal languages
      Tools and models: Internet serves
                  Basic and applied research World wide web
                   Engineering Fiber optics
                  Computer programming Satellite telecommunication
Automation

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE

 Photo credits:
harbor computer services

Photo credits: azonano

Photo credits: telirco

5. Applied
Sciences
Photo credits: shutterstock
Photo credits: blog adva
a. Telecommunication
 
b. Medicine and
genetic engineering

c. Engineering and
architecture
 
d. Robotics and
artificial intelligence
(AI)
 
e. Nanotechnology

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE

What’s In It For Me? “Scientia potential est”

Photo credits: ensia

The whole world was awed by nuclear technology, after the

United States dropped the atomicbomb on Hiroshima and
Nagasaki in Japan in 1945 ending World War II. It was the first and
only time nuclear energy was used as a weapon of war against a
belligerent nation. Since then, nuclear weapons have been
developed by countries, like Russia, then Soviet Union, France,
China, and the United Kingdom, India, Pakistan, and Israel have
joined the nuclear club, too.
 
Nuclear physics proves to be a powerhouse of knowledge
providing great theoretical details of nuclear fission and nuclear
fusion, caveats of technological marvels from Becquerel and
Curies’ discovery of radioactivity until Teller and Ulam have
solved their nuclear reaction problems for the design of a
thermonuclear-effective hydrogen bomb. Nevertheless, it
provided us more useful applications of nuclear fervor; smoke
detectors, x-ray radiographs, radioisotopes for radiation therapy,
gamma ray food sterilizers, and nuclear power plants are some   
 examples of peaceful nuclear energy in action.
 
Aside from the nuclear energy, can you name some other
scientific marvels with very promising contributions to mankind,
yet with dreadful consequences?

Photo credits:
blogconversation

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE

NAME:

SECTION:

DATE:

SCORE:

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE

 Lesson 1.4:
STS as Science Education
What Do You Need To Know?
Photo credits: globalcastaway
01
02
Photo credits: philosophy Photo credits: theedadvocate
Therefore, the main role of STS is to educate you
as a student and win public interest regarding
the benefits and limitations of modern science.
The fruits of scientific knowledge have greatly
shaped social institutions and fashioned many
disciplines, directing many human endeavors,
such as the advancement of  technology and the
improvement of the quality of life.  To fully
understand it, you must need to know the
historical, philosophical, social background of
this subject matter.
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE
GENERAL APPROACHES ON
01 HOW YOU CAN STUDY STS:
01 HISTORICAL APPROACH
learning the history of science can
never be underestimated since the
chronological and narrative background
on the development of society and
human  knowledge, leading to the
advancement of science and
technology, can shed us a light on how
the progress of human civilization has
contributed to its change and will
possibly shape the future.
02 PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH
03
this is a perspective of understanding
the  aspects of science and technology
in terms of philosophical and logical
background of the sciences. It is an
inquiry about the capacity, relevance,
rationality, and credibility of the
sciences for our perspectives as their
recipients.
03 SOCIAL APPROACH
a societal and practical approach gives
you a realistic point of view on science
and technology and its impact on our
modern society. It is important to
efficiently address relevant and timely
issues, which have significant effects on
society and the human lives of today.
17
 How Do You Apply What You
Learned?
Application: Lesson 1

Evaluate the importance of modern science and philosophy by determining

their application to and limitation on the academic course or discipline you
belong. Please specify two instances, which you think would be most
significant. Use an additional sheet if needed. I am expecting that you will
answer it in essay form.

You may watch this video if you are still confused of the between Philosophy
and Modern Science.
Scientists vs Philosophers

I will give a brief example in my field of Biology (academic course / discipline /

program).

PHILOSOPHY MODERN
MODERNSCIENCE
SCIENCE
Application or Benefit Limitation or Constraint Application or Benefit Limitation or Constraint

One application of Modern I can identify few

One of the benefit of
Science in the field of constraints I can see in my
Philosophy in the field
I can consider several Biology such as medicine field such as budgetary
of Biology is developing and genetic research
sources of limitation as constraints, manpower
ways of thinking up involve many specialized constraints, constraints
they apply to biological
from Biological sub disciplines - molecular relating to mobility and
knowledge such as
research, providing an biology, microbiology, and equipment, and constraints
experimental the like.
inspiring and readable relating to technology in
constraints, validation, our country.
encompassing view of
knowledge discovery, For example, bacteria with
the living world that will
and human intellectual inserted human DNA will A good example is
hardly be found in any correctly yield the currently what happened to
capacity.
standard - scientific corresponding human our nation due to COVID-
publication. protein. 19.

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE

 How Do You Apply What You
Learned?
It is now your turn, think creatively on your own program what is/are the
application/benefit and limitation/constraint of Philosophy and Modern
Science in the field of ________________________?

PHILOSOPHY MODERN
MODERNSCIENCE
SCIENCE
Application or Benefit Limitation or Constraint Application or Benefit Limitation or Constraint

MODERN SCIENCE

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE

HOW WELL DID YOU PERFORM?
Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely.
REMEMBER it is your learning at stake!

SCORING
RUBRICS:
Application: Lesson 1

The essay clearly states a position, provides support for the position, raises a counter

Excellent argument or objection, and refutes it. The evidence, both in support of the position
and in refutation of counterpositions, is persuasive and original (that is, drawn from
Writer the your own observations, not borrowed). The essay tackles a significant objection or
counterargument, not a trivial one. The relationships between position, evidence,
6 counterargument, and refutation are clear, and the essay does not contain extraneous
or irrelevant information.

Good The essay states a position, supports it, raises an abjection or counterargument, and
refutes it. The essay may, however, contain one or more of the following ragged
Writer edges: evidence is not uniformly persuasive or original; the counter-argument is not a
very serious threat to the position; one has to read between the lines to see
5 relationships between ideas and some ideas seem out of place or irrelevant.

The essay states a position and raises a counterargument, but there is well developed.
Average MODERN SCIENCE
The objection or counterargument considered may lean toward the trivial. The essay
may also seem disorganized. Nonetheless, the essay should receive a 4 in
Writer acknowledgement of the cognitive complexity of the task. It is more difficult to

4 address arguments and counterarguments than it is simple to support one line of

argument.

The essay states a position, provides strong and original evidence supporting the
Fair position, and is well organized. However, the essay does not address possible
Writer objections or counterarguments. Thus, even though the support seems stronger and
the essay may be more well organized than the 4 essay, it should not receive more
3 than a 3.

Weak The essay states a position and provides some support, but it doesn’t do it very well.
Evidence is scanty, general, trivial or not original. The essay achieves its length
Writer largely though repetition of ideas and inclusion of irrelevant information. The overall

2 impression is that the essay has been dashed off at the last minute.

Very The essay does not state the your position on the issue. Instead, it restates the
position presented in the assignment and summarizes the evidence discussed in the
Weak text or in class. The essay may include an occasional I agree with, but it provides

Writer nothing beyond what was said in class or in the readings. The essay receives a 1
rather than a 0 because there may be some merit to being able to summarize what you
1 said.

What’s your score? 

If your score is 4 and below, you need to practice. Keep writing!
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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE

 Summary
Becoming aware that Science, Technology, and Society or STS is an interdisciplinary

approach of science education aiming to teach students and the public

understanding the progress of human knowledge, particularly science and

technology, and to analyze its role in shaping human society through social,

economic and environmental aspects.

I learned that human knowledge is essentially differentiated by modern science as

either scientific or non-scientific. Also, non-science is a separate body of knowledge

as it cannot be falsified or reputed by scientific processes.

Understanding the scientific knowledge is the product of the elaborate process of

scientific methods.

Deeper perception of scientific method is generally accepted by science

practitioners as the most rational and objective approach in gathering scientific

knowledge. However, they have not reached any consensus about the logical and

epistemological basis of scientific method and science itself until today.

I took note that Philosophers of science have offered different philosophical notions

about science that usually do not agree and Philosophy of science aims to elucidate

the nature of science and its limitations as a body of knowledge.

Even today, there are many realities, concepts, and ideas that cannot be explained

or understood in the scientific context, like the complexities of human behavior.

Through insight and self-reflection, I consider STS, being part of science education,

that aims to  explain the intricacies of modern science with society and environment,

in the philosophical, historical, and social contexts.

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE

Key Terms

utilizes scientific knowledge to modify the observed

APPLIED
phenomena with a pursuit to develop technologies and
SCIENCES practical applications.

AXIOLOGY is the philosophical study of value.

such as life sciences, physical sciences, and social
sciences, employ scientific method through basic
BASIC
research with the purpose of constructing new scientific
SCIENCES theories and concepts, or revising and expanding
existing ones.

also known as co-operative, co-op, or coop, is

"an autonomous association of persons united
COOPERATIVES voluntarily to meet their common economic, social, and
cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly-
owned enterprise

CRYOSURGERY is a type of surgery that involves the use of extreme

cold to destroy abnormal tissues, such as tumors.

comes from the Greek word epistole, meaning letter or

EPISTLE message. Epistles were primarily written
communications during the time of the New Testament.

is an occurrence in the real world. A thing that is known

FACT
or proved to be true.

FORMAL are composed of mathematics, logic, and information

SCIENCES and computer science

is a guarantee given by the Constitution to certain units

FISCAL of the government. It is intended as a guarantee of
AUTONOMY separation of powers and of independence from political
agencies.

is the study of the relationship between food and culture,

the art of preparing and serving rich or delicate and
GASTRONOMY
appetizing food, the cooking styles of particular regions,
and the science of good eating.

Continued...

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE

Key Terms
...continuation

is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. For a

HYPOTHESIS hypothesis to be a scientific hypothesis, the scientific
method requires that one can test it.

are various macroeconomic theories about how in the

KEYNESIAN short run and especially during recessions economic
ECONOMICS output is strongly influenced by aggregate demand.

is generally attained through the involvement of mental

KNOWLEDGE and cognitive processing with experience, perception,
and learning.

as defined in the 21st century, is a well-defined

MODERN accumulation and organization of human knowledge
SCIENCE achieved through a systematic and methodological
process called Scientific Method.

also called the Law of Moses, primarily refers to the

MOSAIC LAW
Torah or the first five books of the Hebrew Bible.

Life sciences and physical sciences are classified under

NATURAL
this category. Since scientific knowledge is based on the
SCIENCES actual observation of natural phenomena.

of or relating to the apostle Paul, his epistles, or the

PAULINE
doctrine or theology implicit in his epistles

rationalism is the epistemological view that "regards

reason as the chief source and test of knowledge" or
RATIONALISM
"any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge
or justification".

Islamic law, or redundantly Sharia law is a religious law

forming part of the Islamic tradition. It is derived from
SHARIA
the religious precepts of Islam, particularly the Quran
and the hadith.

Continued...

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE

Key Terms
...continuation

Differentiated from the applied sciences, such that the

former refers to the collective enterprise of discoveries,
inventions, and knowledge of processes and skills,
TECHNOLOGY
especially relevant to utility and performance of work;
while the latter refers to specific technologies that are
products of scientific research.

References
Aikenhead, G. (2005). STS Education: A Rose by Any Other Name. Routledfe Press.
Retrieved from http://education.usask.ca/documents/profiles/aikenhead/stsed.pdf

Illes, J. (2007). Ipsa Scientia Potestas Est (Knowledge is Power). The American
Journal of Bioethics, 7(1): 1-2, 2007.

Labana, R. Reboa, A. J., Pedral, J., & Bautista, A.(2019).Science, Technology and
Society. Philippine Copyright 2019 and Published by Maxcor Publishing House, Inc.

NourFoundation. (2014). Scientists vs Philosophers. Retrieved from

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qkSKq4B7hD0.

Understanding Science. (2020). University of California Museum of Paleontology.

Retrieved June 27, 2020 from https://undsci.berkeley.edu/copyright.php

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ANSWER
KEY

Answer to Self-Check and SAQs: Lesson 1

Page 2 answers vary

Page 5 answers vary
Page 6-7 answers vary
Page 9 1.B; 2.D; 3.E; 4.A; 5.C
Page 15 answers vary
Page 19 answers vary

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - LAGUNA | STS COURSE MODULE

Congratulations!
You did a
great job!
ela x a w hile
Rest and r e
ove o n t o th
then m
next lesson.

bless you!
God
Km. 53 Pan-Philippine Hwy Calamba City,
Laguna, 4027 |  (049) 572 3356
klsandoval@nu-laguna.edu.ph.