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MANEUVERS AND PROCEDURES REVISION 3 06/14 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY iii
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Citation 550
Maneuvers and Procedures
Table of Contents
Chapter 1
General Information
Table of Contents
Introduction ............................................................................ 1
General Information ............................................................... 1
Stabilized Approach ............................................................... 5
Sterile Cockpit Procedures .................................................... 7
Crew Resource Management................................................. 8
Introduction
Note: The procedures in this chapter are for training purposes only
and are not intended to supersede current procedures contained in
the manufacturer’s documentation. Where any discrepancy or conflict
exists, and before conducting flight operations, the appropriate Air
Crew Manual, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual (AFM), and/or
related publications should be referenced for procedures specific to
your airplane.
General Information
Definitions
PIC: Pilot-in-Command. The pilot responsible for the operation and
safety of an airplane during the flight time.
PF: Pilot Flying. The pilot responsible for controlling the flight of the
airplane.
PM: Pilot Monitoring. The PM will monitor the aircraft and actions of
the PF.
“Control:” Responsible for flight control of the airplane, whether manu-
al or automatic.
Checklists — General
Checklists should be initiated by command from the PF.
1. Engine fire
2. Engine failure
3. Thrust Reverser deployment
4. Runway incursion
5. Loss of directional control
Checklist Discipline
Effective checklists are pertinent and concise. Use them the way they
are written: verbatim, smartly and professionally.
Challenge/No Response
If a flight deviation or critical situation is observed and noted by the
PM and there is no response by the PF to his or her challenge, a
second challenge must be made. If there is still no response, the PM
announces he or she is assuming control of the airplane to keep it in,
or return it to, a safe operating envelope. Response, as used herein,
means verbal as well as appropriate action.
Time-Critical Situations
1. Fly the airplane — Maintain airplane control
2. Recognize challenge — Analyze the situation
3. Respond — Take appropriate action
Following this determination, the PIC calls for the appropriate check-
list. The items are accomplished by the crewmember designated on
the checklist, with the appropriate challenge/response.
In tuning the VHF radios for ATC communication, the newly assigned
frequency is placed in the head not in use (i.e., preselected) at the
time of receipt. After contact on the new frequency, the previously
assigned frequency is retained for a reasonable time period.
Altitude Assignment
The altitude assignment is verbally repeated while being set in the
altitude alerter by the PM. The PF verbally confirms the altitude by
repeating the altitude assignment.
Stabilized Approach
Chapter 2
Standard Operating Procedures
Table of Contents
During Taxi ................................................................................1
Takeoff Roll ...............................................................................2
Climb ..........................................................................................3
Cruise ........................................................................................5
Descent .....................................................................................6
Precision Approach .................................................................8
Precision Missed Approach ................................................. 12
Precision Approach Deviations ............................................ 14
Non-Precision Approach ....................................................... 15
Non-Precision Missed Approach .......................................... 19
Non-Precision Approach Deviations .................................... 21
Visual Traffic Patterns .......................................................... 22
Visual Landing ....................................................................... 24
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES ORIGINAL 9/12 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 2-i
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During Taxi
PF PM
t eo riefi g
ACTION: Brief the following: (W.A.R.T.S.S)
W: Weather
VFR, IFR
A: Abnormal
Abort for anything before 70 kts.
Between 70 kts and V1, Abort for Master Warning
Engine failure, Fire, TR deploy or Loss of direc
tional control
After V1, handle it as inflight emergency
No action until safe altitude.
PF may communicate with ATC after safe altitude.
PM run the appropriate checklist and return
for landing.
R: Runway Condition
Wet, Dry, Snow, Slope...
T: Terrain (If any)
S: SID
S: Squak and departure frequency
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES ORIGINAL 9/12 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 2-1
Takeoff Roll
PF PM
At: 70 KIAS
At: V1
Call: “V1”
ACTION: Move hand from
thrust levers to
yoke
At: VR
Call: “Rotate”
ACTION: Rotate to
approximately 10 to
12° pitch attitude
for takeoff
(7 to 10° pitch for
engine failure)
Climb
PF PM
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES ORIGINAL 9/12 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 2-3
Climb (continued)
PF PM
Cruise
PF PM
t e i g e e tio i ess o
Call: “Heading”
Call: “Correcting”
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES ORIGINAL 9/12 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 2-5
Descent
PF PM
At: Appropriate Workload Time
Review the following as applicable:
plan descent (when descending at pilot's discre-
tion, a rule of thumb: altitude / 1,000 x 3)
approach to be executed
field elevation
appropriate minimum sector altitude(s)
inbound leg to FAF, procedure turn direction and
altitude
final approach course heading and intercept
altitude
timing required
DA/MDA
MAP (non-precision)
VDP
special procedures (DME step-down, arc, etc.)
type of approach lights in use (and radio keying
procedures, if required)
missed approach procedures
runway information conditions
Descent (continued)
PF PM
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES ORIGINAL 9/12 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 2-7
Precision Approach
PF PM
On Base Leg
Call: “Flaps approach”
ele t s -
proach
Call: “Flaps selected ap-
proach”
he s
indicate approach--
“Flaps indicate ap-
proach”
Call: “Localizer/
course alive”
Call: “Localizer/
course alive”
PF PM
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES ORIGINAL 9/12 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 2-9
Precision Approach (continued)
PF PM
At: FAF
Call: “Outer marker” or
Fi l fi
Call: “Outer marker” or
Fi l fi lti-
tude checks”
ACTION:
Visually cross-
check that both
altimeters agree
with
crossing altitude
Set missed
approach altitude
in altitude alerter
Check PF and PM
instruments
Call FAF inbound
" Before landing
checklist com-
plete"
PF PM
At: DA(H)
Call: “Minimums. Runway
(or visual reference)
_____ o'clock”
ACTION: Announce intentions
Call: “Going visual.
Land.” or “Missed
approach”
ACTION: As PF goes visual,
PM transitions to
instruments
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES ORIGINAL 9/12 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 2-11
Precision Missed Approach
PF PM
At: DA(H)
Call: “No Runway”
PF PM
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES ORIGINAL 9/12 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 2-13
Precision Approach Deviations
PF PM
At: Vref ± 10
Non-Precision Approach
PF PM
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES ORIGINAL 9/12 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 2-15
Non-Precision Approach (continued)
PF PM
At: FAF
PF PM
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES ORIGINAL 9/12 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 2-17
Non-Precision Approach (continued)
PF PM
At: MDA
Call: “Minimums _____
(time) to go” or
“Minimums _____
(distance) to go”
Call: “Check”
PF PM
At: MAP
Call: “Missed approach
point. No runway”
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES ORIGINAL 9/12 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 2-19
Non-Precision Missed Approach (continued)
PF PM
PF PM
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES ORIGINAL 9/12 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 2-21
Visual Traffic Patterns
PF PM
At: Downwind
Call: “Flaps approach”
ele t s -
proach
Call: “Flaps selected ap-
proach”
he s
indicate approach--
“Flaps indicate ap-
proach”
is l r fi P tter s (continued)
PF PM
Landing Assured (at point on approach when PF sights runway and normal landing
can be made)
Call: “Flaps land”
ACTION: Push autopilot ele t s o
disconnect switch Call: “Flaps selected
if engaged land”
he s
indicate land--
“Flaps indicate
land”
Call: “Before Landing
checklist complete”
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES ORIGINAL 9/12 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 2-23
Visual Landing
PF PM
At: Touchdown
Call: "Speedbrakes"
ACTION: Extend speedbrakes
Call: “Speedbrakes
extended”
PF PM
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES ORIGINAL 9/12 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY 2-25
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Chapter 3
Flight Profiles
Table of Contents
1 Takeoff
SET THRUST FOR TAKEOFF
2 Rotation
Rotate ................... VR
Rotate smoothly to 10 TO 12°
Call out ................. POSITIVE RATE
Gear ..................... UP
3-1
Citation 550 Maneuvers and Procedures
1 Radar Vectors
3-2
Flaps .................APPROACH
Approach Preparations
Hdg ..................ON
Alt.....................ON
Approach procedure .................REVIEW
When cleared for approach
Go-around procedure ................REVIEW
APR ..................ARM
Airspeed bug ...........................SET VREF
Avionics ..................................CHECK
Before Landing checklist...........INITIATE
3 Localizer ...........TRACK
G/S...................ONE DOT TO CAPTURE
Gear .................DOWN
Glideslope .........CAPTURE
Flaps .................LAND
Before landing
ILS Flight Director/Autopilot Approach
checklist............COMPLETE
6 Missed Approach
Go-around button .......PUSH Gear ........................ UP
Max thrust .................SET Flaps at V2 + 10.... UP
(400’ or obstacle clearance altitude)
Pitch to .....................10 TO 12°
2 Localizer ...... CAPTURE Missed
Flaps ........................ APPROACH
5 Airspeed.........VREF MIN
4 Autopilot....................OFF
Autopilot/FD (Coupled
at 200’
Approach)............. BEGIN DESCENT
LOC and GS
Glideslope ............ COUPLED
7 Maintain normal
Note: Maximum use of flight director/autopilot if desired: descent to landing
Press NAV ARM button for VOR approach
Press NAV ARM button for LOC only approach
Press BC button for back course localizer approach
3-3
Citation 550 Maneuvers and Procedures
3-4
3 Key Point
Flaps ........................................... LAND
4 Turn to Final MDA............................................ LEAVE
Bank angle .................................. 30° MAX Airspeed...................................... VREF + 10 KIAS
Circling Approach
2 Runway in Sight
MDA............................................ MAINTAIN
Airspeed...................................... VREF + 20 MIN
45°
Approach Preparations
Approach procedure .................REVIEW
Go-around procedure ................REVIEW
Airspeed bug ...........................SET VREF
Avionics ..................................CHECK
Before Landing Checklist ..........INITIATE
2 Runway in Sight
MDA............................................ MAINTAIN
Airspeed...................................... VREF + 20 MIN
45°
Approach Preparations
Approach procedure .................REVIEW
Go-around procedure ................REVIEW
Airspeed bug ...........................SET VREF
Avionics ..................................CHECK
Before Landing checklist...........INITIATE
3-5
Citation 550 Maneuvers and Procedures
3-6
ir l e o fig r tio Steep Turns
Ignition ....................................ON
Computation............................VREF
Engine Sync ............................OFF
Yaw Damper ...........................AS REQUIRED
Flaps .......................................0
Gear .......................................UP
1
Below 10,000 feet MSL, consider PRESS SOURCE Select Knob - NORM
2 Emergency Descent
AP TRIM DISK ......................... PRESS AND RELEASE
Throttles ................................ IDLE
Speed Brakes......................... EXTEND
Airplane Pitch Attitude............. INITIALLY TARGET 15 DEGREES NOSE DOWN
Airspeed ................................ MMO/VMO (Use reduced speed if structural damage has occurred
Transponder ........................... EMERGENCY
Passenger Advisory Switch ..... PASS SAFETY
ATC ...................................... ADVISE and obtain local altimeter setting
Altitude.................................. 10,000 feet MSL or Minimum Safe Altitude, whichever is higher
If descent into icing conditions is required
Anti-Ice/Deice ........................ AS REQUIRED
3-7
Note: If structural damage is suspected, limit airspeed.
Determine new course of action
Citation 550 Maneuvers and Procedures
Approach Preparations
3-8
Approach procedure .................REVIEW
Go-around procedure ................REVIEW
Airspeed bug ...........................SET VREF
Avionics ..................................CHECK
Before Landing Checklist ..........INITIATE 3 Abeam Threshold 1 Entry
Gear .........................DOWN Clean configuration
Visual Approach and Landing
2 Downwind Leg
Flaps .........................APPROACH
Avionics ..................................CHECK
Flaps Inoperative Approach
3 Rollout
Airspeed............VREF +15 MIN
Stabilized
1 Clean Configuration
Airspeed............VREF + 30 MIN
Gear .................DOWN
Flaps Inoperative Approach
and Landing Checklist ..............COMPLETE
5 Missed Approach
3-9
Citation 550 Maneuvers and Procedures
Approach Preparations
3-10
Engine failure checklist ...................... COMPLETE
Approach procedure .......................... REVIEW
Go-around procedure ......................... REVIEW
Airspeed bug .................................... SET VREF
Avionics ........................................... CHECK
Single Engine Approach
and Landing Checklist ....................... INITIATE
1 Clean Configuration
Airspeed............. VREF + 30
3 Missed Approach
Go-around button .......PUSH Flaps at V2 + 10..........UP
Max thrust .................SET (400’ or obstacle clearance altitude)
3-11
Citation 550 Maneuvers and Procedures
ir l e o fig r tio
3-12
Ignitions ............ON
Computation .....VREF AND TAKEOFF THRUST
Engine Sync ......OFF
Yaw Damper .....ON
Flaps .................0 °
Gear .................UP
Stall Recovery — Clean
Autopilot............ON
3 Airspeed............ACCELERATE
1 Autopilot............ON
TO 160 KTS
Power ................ 50% N1
3-13
Citation 550 Maneuvers and Procedures
ir l e o fig r tio
3-14
Ignitions ............ON
Computation .....VREF AND TAKEOFF THRUST
Engine Sync ......OFF
Yaw Damper .....OFF
Flaps .................LAND
Gear .................DOWN
Stall Recovery — Landing
3-15
Citation 550 Maneuvers and Procedures
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Chapter 4
Windshear
Table of Contents
Operation in Windshear and Microburst Conditions ............1
Model of Flight Crew Actions ..................................................4
Takeoff Precautions ................................................................5
Approach Precautions.............................................................5
Windshear Recognition...........................................................5
Guidelines for Windshear Recognition .................................5
Pilot Technique ........................................................................5
Crew Coordination ...................................................................6
After Liftoff/On Approach Windshear
Recovery Technique ................................................................6
CONFIGURATION.......................................................................6
ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS ...............................................7
Convective Weather
Convective weather is a highly active area of weather energy such as
Key Note: Windshear can that found in and around the vicinity of thunderstorms, rain storms,
be encountered at any virga, extreme turbulence, or tornadoes and is caused primarily by
altitude but is especially the temperature differential between the surface and the convective
cell.
hazardous when encoun-
tered during takeoff or
The convective weather defined here is the primary manufacturer of
landing, on approach, or
hazards such as downbursts, microbursts, and low-level windshear
by aircraft operating at and can be catastrophic.
low altitudes.
Windshear
Windshear is a sudden shift in wind velocity and direction in either
the horizontal or vertical plane that can subject an aircraft and its
occupants to violent updrafts and downdrafts. Windshear can be
encountered at any altitude but is especially hazardous when
encountered during takeoff or landing, on approach, and by aircraft
operating at low altitudes. For the purposes of discussion, it will be
limited to airspeed changes exceeding 15 knots or vertical speed
changes exceeding 500 fpm.
Microburst
A microburst can be defined as a violent rush of downward air,
concentrated in a relatively small area, and the subsequent outward
rush of high-speed winds. It is one of two distinguishable forms of
downdraft: downbursts and microbursts.
A microburst will affect a surface area not exceeding 2.2 miles, yet is
all the more deadly to aircraft for its concentration, with downdrafts
exceeding 6,000 fpm and horizontal winds of up to 150 knots
extending out as far as 2.5 miles.
The absence of heavy rain or light rain in the form of virga may mask
the presence of a microburst, which is often detectable only by a ring
of blowing surface dust.
Symmetric Microburst
Asymmetric Microburst
An aircraft transiting the asymmetric microburst from left to right would experience a
small headwind followed by a large tailwind.
Evaporation of rain below cloud base (virga) causes intense cooling of rain-shaft
and subsequent cold air plunge.
The following flow chart has been formulated to assist flight crews in
early recognition and recovery techniques.
NO Any signs of
windshear?
Is it safe
to continue? NO
YES
Consider precautions.
Follow Standard
Operating Techniques.
Windshear recovery
technique.
Takeoff Precautions
Approach Precautions
Windshear Recognition
Takeoff/Approach
± 15 knots indicated airspeed
± 500 fpm vertical speed
± 5° pitch attitude
Approach
± 1 dot glidescope displacement
Unusual power lever position for a significant period of time
Pilot Technique
POWER
Apply necessary power
PITCH
Adjust toward 15°
Increase beyond 15° if required to ensure acceptable
flight path
Always respect stick shaker
CONFIGURATION
Maintain existing configuration
CONFIGURATION
ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
Use of autopilot control wheel steering (CWS) has not been fully
evaluated for its effectiveness in a windshear encounter. One
consideration regarding CWS is that it is usually a single channel
autopilot mode and as such has reduced control authority. In any
case, if CWS is used during a windshear encounter, its use should be
discontinued if it produces difficulty in achieving the desired attitude.
Throughout recovery, the PNF should call out vertical flight path
deviations using the barometric altimeter, radio altimeter, or vertical
speed indicator as appropriate. For example,