INDUCTIVE REASONING- is

drawing a general conclusion

from a repeated observation
or limited sets of
observations of specific
examples.

CONJECTURE- the
conclusion drawn by
using
inductive reasoning
COUNT EXAMPLE-
when the conjecture
is
false
 NOTE:(BOTTOM UP
APPROACH, describes
ONE only)
Examples:

Essay test is difficult.

Problem solving test is difficult
• Therefore, all tests are difficult

Mark is a science teacher.

Mark is bald.
• Therefore, all science teachers are
bald

DEDUCTIVE REASONING
- is drawing general two
specific examples or
 simply from general case
to specific case.
- starts with a conclusion and then explains
the fac ts , details and examples.
facts
- TOP DOWN APPROACH

EXAMPLES:

All bird have feathers.

Ducks are bird.
• Therefore, ducks have feathers.

Christopher is sick
If Christopher is sick, he won’t be able
to go to work.
• Therefore, Christopher won’t be able
to go to work.

THE POLYA
POLYA’’S FOUR STEP IN
PROBLEM SOLVING
Step 1: Understand the problem
Step 2: Device a plan
 Step 3: Carry out the plan
Step 4: Look back or review the solution
EXAMPLE:

EXAMPLE: A HA' TOGETHER COST

Step 1: Understand the Problem.

After reading the problem for the first time, you
may think that the jacket costs Php900 and the
hat costs Php100.
After reading the problem, the sum of hat and
jacket in 1000
Step 2: Devise a Plan.
Write a equation let h = hat
h+900 = jacket
h+h+900 = 1000

Step 3: Carry Out the Plan.

2h +900 = 1000
2h =1000-900
2h =100
h= 50
The cost of the hat is 50.
The cost of the jacket h+900=950.

Step 4: Look Back or Review the Solution

h+h+900 = 1000 when h = 50
50+50+900 = 1000
1000=1000

PROBLEM SOLVING WITH

PATTERNS
EXAMPLE 3: Find a Fibonacci
Number

Given: Use the definition of Fibonacci

numbers to find the seventh and
eighth Fibonacci numbers.