Assignment 1

1. The two sides of the DNA double helix are connected by pairs of bases (adenine,
thymine, cytosine, and guanine). Because of the geometric shape of these
molecules, adenine bonds with thymine and cytosine bonds with guanine. Figure
1 shows the bonding of thymine and adenine. Each charge shown is ± e, and the
H─N distance is 0.110 nm. (a) Calculate the net force that thymine exerts on
adenine. Is it attractive or repulsive? To keep the calculations fairly simple, yet
reasonable, consider only the forces due to the O─H─N and the N─H─N
combinations, assuming that these two combinations are parallel to each other.
Remember, however, that in the O─H─N set, the O − exerts a force on both the
H + and the N − , and likewise along the N─H─N set. (b) Calculate the force on
the electron in the hydrogen atom, which is 0.0529 nm from the proton. Then
compare the strength of the bonding force of the electron in hydrogen with the
bonding force of the adenine–thymine molecules. (20 points)

Figure 1
2. An electron is projected with an initial speed υ0 = 1.60 ×106 m / s into the uniform
field between two parallel plates (Fig. 2). Assume that the field between the plates
is uniform and directed vertically downward and that the field outside the plates is
zero. The electron enters the field at a point midway between the plates. (a) If the
electron just misses the upper plate as it emerges from the field, find the magnitude
of the electric field. (b) Suppose that the electron in Fig. 2 is replaced by a proton
with the same initial speed υ0 . Would the proton hit one of the plates? If not, what
would be the magnitude and direction of its vertical displacement as it exits the
region between the plates? (c) Compare the paths traveled by the electron and the
proton, and explain the differences. (d) Discuss whether it is reasonable to ignore
the effects of gravity for each particle. (30 points)

Figure 2
3. The ammonia molecule (NH 3 ) has a dipole moment of 5.0 ×10−30 C ⋅ m.

Ammonia molecules in the gas phase are placed in a uniform electric field E with
magnitude 1.8 ×106 N / C. (a) What is the change in electric potential energy when

the dipole moment of a molecule changes its orientation with respect to E from
parallel to perpendicular? (b) At what absolute temperature T is the average
translational kinetic energy 32 kT of a molecule equal to the change in potential
energy calculated in part(a)? (Note: Above this temperature, thermal agitation
prevents the dipoles from aligning with the electric field.) (20 points)

4. A thin disk with a circular hole at its center, called an annulus, has inner radius
R1 and outer radius R2 (Fig. 3). The disk has a uniform positive surface charge
density σ on its surface. (a) Determine the total electric charge on the annulus. (b)
The annulus lies in the yz -plane, with its center at the origin. For an arbitrary point
on the x -axis (the axis of the annulus), find the magnitude and direction of the

electric field E . Consider points both above and below the annulus. (c) Show that
at points on the x -axis that are sufficiently close to the origin, the magnitude of
the electric field is approximately proportional to the distance between the center
of the annulus and the point. How close is “sufficiently close”? (d) A point particle
with mass m and negative charge − q is free to move along the x -axis (but cannot
move off the axis). The particle is originally placed at rest at x = 0.01 R1 and
released. Find the frequency of oscillation of the particle. (30 points)

Figure 3
a) use Gulombslaw
2
9N
Fntzktdlloilxl ) -_-
7.96 xi

k.IE/co.28Xl0J2-zq4xi9NFi-FoHtFoN=-5c02xiNFNH2kte3/lO.l9x1
Fonr

2=-6.375×1

NFn k.lt/co.30XloT=z.56xnfNFiFNHtFw=-3.8l5xco9NFnet:
)

Fit Fz -_- 8835 XIÓN attract Ne

b) use Coulombs law

9 5.c-1.no xd ,
Fee
k 比乣 8.99 ㄨ 1 0
( 1.6 ✗ 1
"
-
8.22 ✗ 8N
" 2
( 5.29 xcō )

Fnet > Fe
 㗤噩

们
2= Vo + t ∴
t
=×1010 ~

106
=
1 . 25 × 8
_過 plate 的時間

→=Ʃ Ʃ(
) × 10
25 × P
O at 1 .
∴ F =
qE = ma a =
.5 × 10

↑
11 10 ) E b

.
=

5
≤Ʃ . 6 ×
(1 ~ 5 10 )
± 0 . × 10 , × . ×

9 .
1 × 1031

1 E =
364

b) EE ax 的
axr N = iat :
F = =
ma ~

定值 定值

1
Mai
S = Vot →
值
satxTm Mpome :
Sp' Se
AnS : N 。

c ) pelectron F =
征
m
⼼加速度較⼤線
受⼒⽅向和电場⽅向相反 ,

是
② proton F qE= =
ma 受⼒⽅向和电場⽅向相同線

四
d )
EE =
1 :6 × 1019 ×
364 =

1
9 8
)

9 1
=
×
my 10
=
.
× .

EE 》
mg :
weight on be
ignoved
 when the ment of molecule changes its
dipole
al oU mo a

arientution from parallel to perpendicular to elect 5 iofield is

U =

PE

oU =
Uperpundicalar Uparallel 1 P O
- = PE -

=
5 .
1030 × . × 10 ^ -
0 × 1
8 6

j
9
. 0 × 1024

叮
00 calculated in
part (a ) is
equal to the
average
translational kinetic the molecale at T
energyof
∴ ÷

mv ==Ʃ| KT =
c 0 : 9 × 9024]
×)

τ= 9 × 102
) / c 3 /2 k

10242 /11 103

=
9× 号 . 38 × ] /k ) ⼆
=
0 .
44 K
 τ

Ja R =σ A A =π ( R
-
"
R .
2

] Q =σπ ( R - R

, ]
→

≈
D) fkdqcost
E SdE=
osx
J EP
(Frx
4π
R

) : Jdq =

z ☆
R5 X

amxER
πε
=

么贼 2 E0 ( Rx
+

] 信
: luid
只
R
装茫的器
σ
R
= ƩE =
{
、
: 5
let
' =

u= R + x du = 2 RdR

acOx -

(
-
2
RF
" - =

式-[[
pi + xj
=]
:

登 [ R+
片 - ( R2+ *]
it
c ) point axils
at x -

cienely
aresuft dose to
origin
) RX
次 →
JRI
'
→ Rz
_
+
X

JE :

验 . IJRrarefiaed
5E R , -,

∴ Ex vhenR >> X

d )
E(0 .
01 ) =Ʃ 。
←
(
R )
成 -

- By booli ) law
q rx
F :
EE = 2 "
Eo (
:-
.
E .
-
kx -
K :

( 后⼀点 )

of the parick f i =玩 imple

HarmonicMotiom )
号

ocaillatin
frenuency of
= J

f =÷= 默哥 “

」 m (站⼀点 ) H 2)