Short Answer Type Questions-II

Q. 1. Describe the corolla of family Fabaceae? [KVS Agra 2016]

Ans. Corolla of family Fabaceae: Corolla 5, polypetalous, aestivation descending or vexillary
imbricate, papilionaceous with five unequal petals-posterior largest petals called standard
which overlaps two smaller lateral petals called wings, the latter overlap a boat -shaped
structure called keel, which is formed by the two anterior petals fused lightly on the anterior
side, lateral and anterior petals are scale-like in Erythrina Indica.
Q. 2. Draw the diagram of V.S of maize seed and label six parts. [KVS Agra 2016]

Ans. V.S. of maize seed

Q. 3. What is placentation? Mention the types, describe any one with typical diagram.
[KVS 2017]
Ans. The number, position and arrangement or distribution of placentae inside an ovary is
called placentation. It is of the following types:
(i) Marginal (ii) Parietal
(iii) Axile (iv) Free central
(v) Basal (vi) Apical and
(vii) Superficial
Marginal placentation: One or two alternate rows of ovules occur longitudinally along the
ridge in the wall of the ovary in the area of fusion of two margins. A true placenta is believed
to be absent. Ovary is unilocular. E.g. Pea, Acacia.

Q. 4. What is Placentation? Identify the following types of Placentations.

Ans. Placentation refers to the arrangement of within the ovary of flower.
(a) Marginal placentation
(b) Axile placentation
(c) Parietal placentation
(d) Free central placentation
Q. 5. Draw the floral diagram and write floral formula of family Liliaceae.
Ans. Floral Diagram:

Q. 6. (i) Name the families to which these plants belong:

(a) Onion and lily
(b) Potato and tomato
(ii) Describe the gynoecium of any one of the families identified as above. Write its floral
formula and draw floral diagram also. [KVS 2012-13]
Ans. (a) 1. Onion and lily belong to family Liliaceae. 2. Potato and tomato belongs to family
Solanaceace.
(b) In both of the above-mentioned family’s gynoecium is superior i.e., hypogynous type. In
this condition the thalamus is convex or conical. Gynoecium or ovary develops at its top while
stamens, petals and sepals are borne successively below. The ovary or gynoecium is said to be
superior.
Floral Formula of family Liliaceae- Refer to SAQ-II, Q6.
Q. 7. Explain two types of anther lobes.
Ans. (i) Dithecous: These have two lobes with four microsporangia or pollen sacs.
(ii) Monothecous: They have only one lobe with two microsporangia or pollen sacs.

Q. 8. Define simple fruits. How many types of simple fruits are found in plants?
Ans. The fruit that develops from the single simple or compound ovary of a flower is called
simple fruits. The simple fruits are of two types: Dry and Succulent.
(i) Dry fruits are of three types:
(1) Achenial Fruits (2) Capsular (3) Schizocarpic.
(ii) Succulent fruits are of three types:
(1) Berries (2) Drupes (3) Pomes.

Q. 9. What is a fruit? Describe various zones of fruit by taking an example of succulent

fruit.
Ans. Fruit: It is regarded as a ripened ovary developed after fertilization.
Various zones of fruit:
(i) A succulent fruit like mango consists of pericarp and the seed.
(ii) The pericarp is divided into three zones: epicarp, mesocarp and the endocarp.
(iii) In mango, the outer skin is epicarp.
(iv) The sweet, pulpy and edible portion is mesocarp.
(v) Endocarp is the innermost hard zone which encloses the seed.

Q. 10. Distinguish between the following:

(i) Dicot flower and Monocot flower
(ii) Gamopetalous and Polypetalous.
Ans. (i)

S. No Dicot Flower Monocot Flower

(i) Sepals and petals are Perianth is present.
present.
(ii) Floral leaves are in Floral leaves are in the multiple of
the multiple of 2 or 5. three.

(b)
S. Gamopetalous Polypetalous
No
(i) Flowers in which petals are partially or completely Flowers in which petals are free
fused are termed as gamopetalous flowers, e.g., are polypetalous flowers, e.g.,
petunia, Tobacco. Hibiscus rosa sinesis (China rose).

Q. 11. Differentiate between:

(i) Marginal and Axile placentation.
(ii) Marginal and Parietal placentation.
Ans. (i)
S. No Margina Placentation Axile Placentation
(i) Ovary is always unilocular. Ovary is two or more locular.
(ii) Ovary is simple or Ovary is compound and syncarpous.
monocarpellary.
(iii) Ovules attached to wall of ovary. Ovules attached to central/axile column.
(iv) The ovule is found in a single file. The number of ovule files are based on the
number of fusing carpels or septa.

(b)
 S. No. Marginal Placentation Pariental Placentaion

(i) Found in monocarpellary or simple Occurs in compound or syncarpous ovary.

ovary.

(ii) A single longitudinal placenta or file of
ovules are attached to the ovary wall.
(iii) Ovary is always unilocular.
Two or more longitudinal placentae or files of
ovules are attached to the ovary wall
Ovary can be unilocular, may become falsely two
or more locular due to in growth of placentae
formation of false septa.

Q. 12. Write the economic importance of plants of family Liliaceae.

Ans. (i) The bulbs of Allium cepa (onion) and A. sativus (Garlic) are used as food and for
flavouring the vegetables.
(ii) The leaves of Aloe barbedensis are used to cure piles, liver troubles and boils.
(iii) Asparagus, Ruscus, Lilies, etc, are grown in the gardens as ornamental plants.
Q. 13. What are the economic importance of plants of family Solanaceae ? [ V. Imp. ]
Ans. (i) Potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tomato are the most common articles for cooking.
(ii) Tobacco comes from the dried leaves of Nicotiana tobacum.
(iii) Atropa bellodona yield belladona for relieving pain, cough, excessive respiration.
Q. 14. Represent diagrammatically a pinnately compound leaf. Name on example of each.
Ans.

Example:
Pinnately compound: Neem, Cassia etc.
Palmetely compound: cannabis, white clover, etc.
Q. 15. Give one example for each of the following:
(i) A modified stem for food storage.
(ii) A modified root for additional support.
(iii) A modified leaf to help in climbing.
(iv) A modified root for respiration.
Ans. (i) Potato (Solanum tuberosum)
(ii) Prop or Pillar roots e.g. Banyan tree
(iii) Leaflet Tendrils: Sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus)
(iv) Pneumatophores e.g. Avicennia.
Q. 16. What is the importance of morphology?
Ans. Importance of Morphology:
(i) Knowledge of morphology is essential for recognition or identification of plants.
(ii) Certain important criteria for classification of plants are obtained from morphology.
(iii) It gives information about the range of variations found in a species.
(iv) Knowledge of morphology is required for studying various aspects of plant life like genetics,
ecology, anatomy, etc.
Q. 17. Differentiate between reticulate and parallel venation.
Ans.

S. No Reticulate Venation Parallel Venation

(i) Veinlets are conspicuous. Veinlets are inconspicious.
(ii) Veinlets form a net-work. A network is absent.
(iii) Veins are irregularly Veins run parallel to one
distributed. another.

Q. 18. Where are leaf bladders found and what are their functions ?
Ans. In some aquatic insectivorous plants like Utricularia, some of the leaf segments of much
dissected leaves are modified to form small bladders.
Function : These bladders have sensitive hair, bristles, trap valve and glands for trapping and
digesting small insects.
Q. 19. List the various functions of root.
Ans. Important functions of root are:
(i) Fixation : The root fixes the plant to the soil i.e, ground.
(ii) Absorption : Root absorb nutrients and water from the soil.
(iii) Conduction : It conducts absorbed materials from the soil to the aerial parts of the plant.
(iv) Special Functions : In addition to the above functions, some adventitious roots perform
different function i.e., in Cuscuta (a parasitic plant) they absorb food from the host's body, in
banyan, the prop roots provide support to the plant, in maize, Rhizophora, they support the
plant; in Tinospora the green roots perform the function of photosynthesis; in some plants they
get swollen and perform as storage organs for the plant; other perform the function of vegetative
reproduction Some roots perform the functions of storage of food reproduction, climbing, giving
the support to plant.
Q. 20. What are the primary functions of a leaf ?
Ans. The primary functions of a leaf are :
(i) Synthesis of organic food through photosynthesis.
(ii) Leaves possess minute pores called stomata. The stomata help in the exchange of gases
necessary for photosynthesis and respiration.
(iii) Leaves are the main seat of loss of water called force for the ascent of sap and keeps the
temperature low in summer.
Q. 21. How do you distinguish a simple leaf from a compound leaf ?
Ans. Differences between simple and compound leaf:
S. NO. Simple Leaf Compound Leaf
(i) Lamina is not divided into Lamina is incised into two or
distinct lobes or leaflets i.e., it more distinct leaflets. The
has single lamina. leaflets are borne either at
the tip of petioles or on the
sides of rachis. Leaflets do
not bear any axillary bud.
(ii) Axillary bud is present in the Axillary bud is present in the
axil of simple leaf. axil of whole leaf.
(iii) Simple leaves are in Leaflets of a compound leaf
acropetal succession on are not in acropetal
stem. succession on rachis.
(iv) Base of leaf may have Stipules may be present at
stipules. the base of compound leaf.
(v) Simple leaves appear in one Leaflets in a compound leaf
or more plane. lie in one plane only.
Q. 22. Point out differences between Thorns, Spines, Prickles and the Bristles.
Ans. Differences between Thorns, Spines, Prickles and the Bristles:

S. No. Thorns Spines Prickles Bristles

(i) Modified stem Modified part of leaf Superficial pointed Stiff epidermal hairs
branches that provide that act as organ of outgrowths of the which become hard
protection to the defense. stem or leaves. due to deposition of
plant. silica and calcium
carbonate.

Q.23. Explain the following:

(i) Clinging root, (ii) stilt roots.
Ans. (i) Clinging root : These are non-absorptive adventitious roots which are found in
climbers The clinging roots penetrate the cracks or fissures of the support. They hold the
support firmly by forming claws. E.g., Pothos (Money plant) Betel, Black pepper etc.
(ii) Stilt root: They are short, thick supporting roots which develop from the lower nodes of the
stem.
Examples : Sugarcane, Maize,
Q.24. Phylloclade and cladode both are aerial modifications of the stem. Justify with
examples.
Ans. Phylloclades:
(i) They are flattened (e.g., Opuntia, Euphorbia), or cylindrical green stems of unlimited growth
which have taken over the function of photosynthesis.
(ii) True leaves are caducous.
(iii) Formation of phylloclades helps the plant to grow, the in dry habitats because transpiration
is little from stem.
Cladodes (Cladophylls):
(i) They are green stems of limited growth which have taken over the function of photosynthesis
from the leaves.
(İİ) The true leaves are. reduced to scale or spines.
(İİİ) Cladodes are a modification to reduce transpiration. e.g., Asparagus, Ruscus.
Q.25. How many types of roots are found in plants ?
Ans. (i) Tap root : The roots which develops from radicle along with its branches is termed as
tap root. Secondary root develops from tap root.
(ii) Fibrous Root : In monocot plants, the primary root is short lived and is replaced by roots
that arise from the stem. These roots constitute the fibrous roots.
(iii) Adventitious root: Roots which arise from other part of the plant except radical, are termed
as adventitious roots.
Q.26. Differentiate stem tuber (Potato) and root tuber (Sweet potato).

Ans. Differences between stem tuber (Potato) and root tuber (Sweet Potato):
S.No. Stem tuber Root tuber
(Potato) (Sweet Potato)
(i) Fleshy underground stem. Fleshy adventitious root.

(ii) Divided into nodes and internodes. The nodes and inter- nodes are absent.

(iii) Does not bear roots. Have several fine roots.

(iv) Scale leaves present. Scale leaves absent.

(v) When exposed, stem tuber may develop No chlorophyll is developed in the root
chlorophyll. tuber
(vi) Apical bud present. Apical bud present.
(vii) Stem like anatomy. Root like anatomy.
(viii) Stem tuber develops at the tip of an Root tuber develops from any part of root.
underground branch.