8 Music

What This Module is About

In this module, you will learn about:

 The prominent features of the vocal and instrumental music of East

Quarter 2 – Module 1 Asian Countries (Japan, China, and Korea);

East Asian Music  How the music of East Asian Countries (Japan, China, and Korea)

reflect the different aspects of East Asian culture through its timbre,

rhythm, melody, texture and form/style;

 The different cultural and musical practices of Japan, China and Korea

as expressed through their feelings towards each other, to the

environment, their history and culture.

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What I Know 9. 10. 11.
ACTIVITY 1
Direction: From the pictures of costumes, folk symbols, artworks, scenery and
other aspects of culture of the East Asian countries (Japan, China, and
Korea); identify the origin of the objects. Write your answers on your Answer
sheets.

1. 2. 3.

12. 13. 14.

4. 5. 6.

.
iv

15.

.
7. 8.

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 2. Tsuzumi (hourglass-shaped) – there are two
varieties; the smaller Kotsuzumi and the larger

Title of the Lesson

Otsuzumi. They are used in both Noh and Kabuki
Lesson performances. The Kotsuzumi is held on the right

1
shoulder and the player alters the tone by
squeezing the laces. The Osuzumi is placed on

Japanese Music the left thigh. Like all the other traditional arts in
Japan, there are several schools of
Tsuzumimatsuri festivals.
What Is It
Japanese music, the art concerned with combining vocal or
instrumental sounds for beauty of form or emotional expression, specifically 3. Tsuri-daiko – is a large drum also known as
as it is carried out in Japan.  Korea served as a bridge to Japan for Gaku-daiko. It is hung on a wooden frame with
many Chinese musical ideas as well as exerting influence through its own legs and is played by two plectrums on only one
forms of court music. Also to be considered is the presence of northern Asian side.
tribal traditions in the form of Ainu culture surviving on Hokkaido island.
However, it should be pointed out that the island isolation of Japan allowed it
to develop its own special characteristics without the intense influences of
4. Taiko – is a Japanese drum that comes in
the Chinese giant and the Mongols so evident in mainland cultures. Therefore,
various sizes and is used to play a variety of
in the ensuing discussion all the “foreign” elements are placed in the matrix of musical genres. It is essential element of
traditions and styles that are characteristically Japanese. Japanese festivals and rituals. Drumming has
always been connected with festivals and
Instrumental Music of Japan religious events and ceremonies at shrines and
Traditional Japanese music is basically meditative in character. Its temples, with the meaning of both warding off
performance is highly ritualized, as much in the music itself, as in the evils and summoning the deities.
composure of the musicians when performing it. Japanese chamber and solo
music have a slow meditative pace. The performance of Japanese music has
traditionally been of a spiritual character, similarly to martial arts and other
forms of art such as the tea ceremony and calligraphy. It is usually about
religious festivals, work, dance, love, and regional songs. B. String Instruments (Chordophone)
A. Percussion Instruments (Membranophone)
1. Koto – is a 13-stringed zither, about two
1. Odaiko – (big drum) the physical
metes using picks on the thumb and first fingers
energy and sheer excitement of an
of the right hand, while the left hand can be
Odaiko performance is an integral part of
used to modify pitch and tone. Koto is used in
many Japanese matsuri (festival).
an ensemble in Gagaku or as a solo

4 5
2. Shamisen – is a plucked stringed instrument. Its
construction follows a model similar to that of a guitar
 4. Sho – is a Japanese free reed musical
instrument that was introduced from China
during the Nara period.

3. Hichiriki – is a double reed Japanese flute

(fue) used as one of the two main melodic
instruments in Japanese Gagaku music, the 5. Shinobue – also called Takebue in the
other being the Ryuteki. context of Japanese traditional arts, is a
Japanese transverse flute (fue) that has a high-
pitched sound.
4. Biwa – is a Japanese short-necked fretted lute,
often used in narrative storytelling. The Biwa is the
chosen instrument of Benten, the goddess of music,
eloquence, poetry, and education in Japanese Ryūteki – literally means “dragon flute”, is a
Shinto. Japanese transverse flute made of bamboo.
It is used in Gagaku.
C. Wind Instruments (Aerophone)

1. Shakuhachi – the most famous flute made

from bamboo. It has 4 or 5 finger holes on the Vocal Music of Japan
front face and a thumbhole on the rear face. As
with other instruments above, it was imported The main tone of Japanese music has two modes;
from China for Gagaku. the Yo-sen and the In-sen. Both consist of five primary
tones based on a scale with seven tones. The two
remaining tones are considered as auxiliary tones. The
2. Nokan – a parallel, a bamboo flute (fue) is
ancient melody of Japanese music is commonly based on
the only melodic instrument used in Noh. The these modes. However, one melody is not always in one
melody of the flute has no specific pitch mode alone. The melody of Japanese music commonly
relationship with the melody of the chanting. shifts on both modes. They often give emphasis on the
second to fourth tone of the mode.

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7
Sakura – Cherry Blossoms is a traditional
Japanese song depicting spring, the
 Traditionally the Chinese have believed that sound influences the
harmony of the universe. Significantly, one of the most important duties of the
first emperor of each new dynasty was to search out and establish that
dynasty’s through standard of pitch. A result of this philosophical orientation
Sakura Cherry Blossom was that the Chinese theoretically opposed music performed solely for
Sakura, sakura Cherry blossoms, cherry blossoms entertainment.
Yayoi no sorawa Across the spring sky
mi-watasukagiri As far as you can see The music of China dates back to the dawn of Chinese Civilization
kasumika kumoka Is it a mist or a clouds? with documents and artifacts providing evidence of a well-developed musical
nioizo izuru Fragrant in the air culture as early as the Zhou Dynasty (1122 B.C.E). In ancient China, music
izaya zaya Come now, come was regarded as central to the harmony and longevity of the state.
mini yukan Let’s look, at last.
Instrumental Music of China
Chinese traditional music is played on solo instruments or in small
What I Can Do ensembles or in small ensembles of plucked and bowed stringed instruments,
flutes, and various cymbals, gongs, and drums.
ACTIVITY 2: Reflection
Write your answer in your answer sheets.

1. Three (3) words, terms or concept you have learned about the lesson. 1. Yueqin – moon-shaped lute with shorter neck
and four strings, played with a spectrum, used for
2. Two (2) essential question you want to ask.
accompanying local operas.
3. One (1) essential understand (reflect based on how this lesson change your
perception about Japanese music).

Lesson Title of the Lesson

2 Chinese Music
2. Pipa – four-stringed lute with 30 frets and a
pear-shaped body. This instrument has an
extremely wide dynamic range and remarkable
expressive power.
What I Need to Know
For several thousand years Chinese culture was dominated by the
teachings of the philosopher Confucius, he conceived music in the highest
sense as a means of calming the passion of dispelling of unrest and lust,
rather than as a form of amusement.

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 3. Erhu – two-stringed fiddle and one of the
most popular Chinese instruments. It is used as 8. Penling – these are two small bells made of
a solo instrument as well as in small ensembles high-tin bronze, without internal clappers, and
or large orchestra, and by various ethnic hemispheric or bottomless gourd-like in shape.
groups. The instrument has a delicate, clarion and
melodious tone. It is a coloring rhythmic
instrument, either in ensembles or in theater
4. Yunluo – literally “cloud gongs” or “cloud of music, bringing an effect of peaceful dreams.
gongs”, is a set of ten small gongs mounted in
a wooden frame. The Yunluo’s gongs are
generally of equal diameter but different
thickness. The thicker gongs produce a higher Vocal Music in China
pitch.
Chinese Vocal Music has traditionally been sung in a thin, non-resonant
voice or in falsetto and is usually solo rather than choral. All traditional
Chinese music is melodic rather than harmonic. Chinese vocal music probably
5. Sheng – or Chinese mouth organ, looks like a developed from sung poems and verses accompanied by music.
set of panpipes,with 12 to 36 bamboo pipes. Each
pipe is of different length with a brass reed at the 1. Mo Li Hua – is a traditional Chinese song with a beautifully gentle and
bottom and a hole that must be blocked in order for lyrical melody. The lyrics about the jasmine flower also turn it into a
the note to sound. This makes it possible to sound love song. The song describes a custom of giving Jasmine flowers,
several notes simultaneously, so chords and popular in the southern Yangtze region of China. Another version
melody can be performed at the same time. Sheng describes the fear of plucking the flower.
is one of the oldest Chinese musical instruments.
Mo Li Hua (English Translation)

What a beautiful jasmine flower

6. Dizi – is the traditional Chinese flute. It can
What a beautiful jasmine flower
have a membrane over an extra hole to give the
characteristic rattle effect. The player plays the Sweet-smelling, beautiful, stems full of buds
Dizi by blowing across the mouthpiece and Fragrant and white, every praises
produces the different notes by stopping the six Let me pluck you down
holes found in the rod. Give to someone’s family

Melody and tone color are prominent expressive features of Chines music and
great emphasis is given to the proper articulation and inflection of each
7. Zheng – an ancient Chinese instrument that
musical tone. Most Chinese music is based on the 5 tone or the Pentatonic
has an arched surface and elongated-trapezoid
Scale though heptatonic scale is also used.
with 13 to 21 stretched over individual bridges.
It’s playing range spans three to four octaves.

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 Korea’s folk music tradition, with its
Play the pentatonic scale (do-re-mi-so-la) on the piano keyboard, lyre or generous use of bright rhythms and
guitar. Hum the pentatonic scale using “loo”. melodies, offers a more energetic and
capricious contrast to the nation’s collection
of classical music works. Folk music
represents the soul and sound of traditional
Korean villages with an eclectic array of
music forms including numerous folk songs,
various forms of instrumental pieces,
pansori, and shaman ritual music.

Chong-ak means literally “right or correct music”, and its tradition includes
both instrumental and vocal music, which were cultivated mainly by the upper-class
What’s More literate of the Joseon society. Chong-ak also refers to ensemble music for men of
high social status outside of the court. In this category, three important terms are a-ak,
Activity 3: Song Analysis tang-ak, and hyang-ak.
Sog-ak or minsogak is a category of Korean traditionally associated with the
Direction: First Alternative: Listen to Mo Li Hua lower classes of for the general public and is vibrant and energetic. It includes genres
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9S41_Veb3LA such as pansori and minyo. Pansori is a kind of music presented to audiences by
skilled vocal singers and drummers. But even the unskilled could sing these songs.
Second Alternative: Listen to Mo Li Hua on the Radio. They sang when they worked in the rice paddy or fields, sang when they went off their
Write your answer on your answer sheets. lover and sang when their life was troubled and weighing them down.

Process Questions: A. Music Instruments

1. Chordophones
1. What is the message of the song?
1. Kayagum (Gayageum)– is a traditional Korean
2. Describe how the musical elements and instrumental pieces reflect Chinese zither-like string instrument, with 12 strings, although
more recently variants have been constructed with
culture?
21 or more numbers of strings. It is probably the
3. Is there a Filipino song that portrays similar meaning? Explain the best-known traditional Korean musical instrument
similarities and why?

Lesson Title of the Lesson 2. Geomungo – six-string plucked zither is a

traditional Korean instrument of the zither family

3 Korean Music
with both bridges and frets. Scholars believe that
the name refers to Goguryeo and translates to
“Goguryeo zither” or that it refers to the color that
translate to “black crane zither”.

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 3. Haegum (two-string vertical fiddle) – it has a rod- English
Korean Romanization
translation[18][19]
like neck, a hollow wooden soundbox, two silk
아리랑, 아리 Arirang, Arirang, Arirang, Arirang,
strings, and is held vertically on the knee of the 랑, 아라리요... Arariyo... Arariyo...
performer and played with a bow. 아리랑 고개로 Arirang gogaero You are going
넘어간다. neomeoganda. over Arirang hill.
나를 버리고 Nareul beorigo My love, you are
leaving me
가시는 님은 gasineun nimeun
Your feet will be
십리도 못가서 Sibrido mosgaseo
2. Aerophone balbyeongnanda. sore before you
발병난다. go ten ri.
Piri – used in both the folk and classical (court) music Just as there
of Korea. It is made of bamboo. Its large reed and 청천하늘엔 잔 Cheongcheonhaneuren are many stars
별도 많고, janbyeoldo manko, in the clear sky,
cylindrical bore gives it a sound mellower that that of
우리네 가슴엔 Urine gaseumen There are also
many other types of oboe. 희망도 많다. huimangdo manda. many dreams in
our heart.
There, over
there, that
3. Membranophone mountain is
저기 저 산이 Jeogi jeo sani
Baekdu
백두산이라지, Baekdusaniraji,
Changgo – is the most widely used drum used Mountain
동지 섣달에도 Dongji seotdaredo Where, even in
in the traditional music of Korea. It is available 꽃만 핀다. kkotman pinda.
the middle of the
in most kinds, and consists of an hourglass- winter days,
shaped body with two heads made from animal flower blooms.
skin. The two heads produce sounds of
Activity 4: Explore Korean Music
different pitch and timbre, which when played Direction: Based on what you have learned, fill in the complete information regarding
together are believed to represent the harmony Music of Korea. Write your answer in your answer sheets.
of man and woman.
Socio-
Music
Historical
Instruments
Context

B. Music Vocals
Function of
Music Vocals
Music
1. Arirang – is a Korean folk song. It is sometimes used as a symbol
of Korea and Korean culture. Arirang is in essence a song of farewell. The
word “Arirang” means “the hill”. It pertains to the foothills of Korea where most
Koreans had parting on. An emotion of deep regret is imbued in the rhythm of 15
Arirang. The song evokes the feeling of the tears shed by Koreans and the Summary
remembrance of their sad stories.
Japan
Japanese Vocal music is quite different from the Western Vocal Music,
14 and is based on the intervals of human breathing rather than mathematical
timing, and how Japanese musicians show their spiritual self-mastery in Arirang is a Korean folk song used as a symbol of Korean and Korean
mastering his or her instrument more than simply perfecting a technique of culture. It evokes the feeling of the tears shed by Koreans and the
some sort and how they give value to their performance and composure. remembrance of sad stories specifically partings.
Sog-ak or Minsogak is a category of Korean music traditionally
Traditional Japanese music is basically meditative in character. Its
associated with the lower classes or for the general public and it is
music and performance are highly ritualized, as is the composure of the vibrant and energetic.
musicians when performing it. Japanese chamber music and solo music have Pansori is a kind of music presented to audiences by skilled vocal
a slow meditative pace and use concrete elements, which serve to represent singers and drummers.
natural sounds and the sounds of life. The main tone of Japanese music has Kayagum is a traditional Korean zither-like instrument, with 12 strings,
two modes: the Yosen and the Insen. Both consist of five primary tones based probably the best known traditional Korean musical instrument.
on a scale with seven tones. Japanese music has three general types of Haegum a two-string vertical fiddle, with a rod-like neck and a hollow
wooden sound box.
instruments – percussion instruments (membranophone/idiophone) odaiko,
tsuzumi, shoko, tsuridaiko, taiko; string instruments (chordophone) Koto, Changgo is the most widely used drum used in the traditional music of Korea.
shamisen, biwa; and wind instruments (aerophone) shakuhachi, nokan, sho
and hichiriki. Compared to our music, Japanese music is very simple. They
sing melodies in unison and they never repeat the same melody in a song. ACTIVITY 5: Post-Test
I. Multiple Choice : Direction: Choose the correct answer: Write the letters
China on your answer sheets.
Chinese music uses the pentatonic scale as can be heard in the song 1. How is Chinese music described?
“Mo Li Hua”. a. It is gentle and lyrical c. It is meditative and highly ritualized
Chinese musical instruments are classified according to the materials b. It is slow in tempo and is very peaceful d. It slow and melancholy
by which they are made: animal skins, gourd, bamboo, wood, silk, 2. Which of the following is one of China’s most popular instruments?
earth/clay, metal, and stone. a. Haegum b. Erhu c. Koto d. Shamisen
Pipa is a four-stringed lute with a pear-shaped body. It has an 3. What meter is used in the Japanese song “Sakura”?
extremely wide dynamic range and remarkable expressive power. a. Quadruple Meter c. Duple Meter
Erhu is a two-stringed fiddle and one of the most popular Chinese b. Tiple Meter d. Compound Meter
instruments. 4. Which of the following does not belong in the group?
Dizi is the traditional Chinese Flute. a. Tsuzumi b. Odaiko c. Taiko d. Changgo
Pengling are two small bells used as coloring instrument either in 5. Which Korean music category is traditionally associated with the lower class?
ensembles or in theater music because they produce a “peaceful a. Tang-ak b. Chong-ak c. Sog-ak d. A-ak
dream” effect 6. How is the “Arirang” song classified?
Sheng is a Chinese mouth organ, with 12 to 36 bamboo pipes. It a. Welcome song c. Song for spring
produces several notes simultaneously, so chords and melody can be b. Love song d. Parting song
performed at the same time. It is also one of the oldest Chinese 7. What melody is used in the folk song “Mo Li Hua”?
musical instruments. a. Melodic b. Pentatonic c. Diatonic d. Harmonic
8. Which Japanese instrument is the counterpart of Kayageum?
16 a. Koto b. Geomungo c. Shamisen d. Zheng
Korea
17
Korean music has a slow tempo, giving it a very peaceful and pensive
9. Which Japanese instrument is called the “dragon flute”?
character.
a. Shimobue b. Hichiriki c. Ryuteki d. Shakuhachi
Chong-ak has a literal meaning of “ music for the noble classes”.
10. Which of the following statements about Changgo is correct?
a. It is a single headed drum whose tone is altered by squeezing its laces.
 b. It is a Japanese drum that has become the central instrument of percussion ensemble. East Asian Name of the Hornbostel-Sachs Counterpart
c. It is a large hanging barrel drum. Instruments Country Classification instrument in the
d. An hour glass-shaped double headed drum made from animal skin. Philippines
1. Changgo
II. Match the Pictures (2pts each) 2. Biwa
3. Piri
1.
4. Geumungo
5. Sheng
A. Haegum
ACTIVITY 6: PERFORMANCE TASK: Flute Making

What you need:

2.
 8 plastic drinking straws
 Sticky tape
B. Erhu  Scissors
 A ruler
 Pen or pencil

What you do:

C. Taiko
3. 1. Start by cutting your first straw at 20 cm. Cut each straw 2 cm shorter than
the first one until you cut them all.
2. Line up your straws longest to shortest.
3. Sticky tape them together in that pan flute formation.

4. 4. Blow across the top of the straws to get a sound. The longest straw will be
D. Zheng
deepest, the shortest will produce high sound.
5. Use your flute instrument if it’s working properly and take a video of it and
submit to your MAPEH teacher via online.
5.

E. Biwa

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III. Compare and Contrast 19

Music
 Quarter 2 – Answer Sheets
Activity 3: Song Analysis (5 pts. each)

1.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Name: ______________________________ Section: ________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
What I Know _____________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 1: Identify the origin of the given pictures. Write either
Japan, China, or Korea. 2.
_____________________________________________________________________
1. _______ 6. ________ 11. ________ _____________________________________________________________________
2. _______ 7. ________ 12. ________ _____________________________________________________________________
3. _______ 8. ________ 13. ________ _____________________________________________________________________
4. _______ 9. ________ 14. ________
5. _______ 10. _______ 15. ________ 3.
_____________________________________________________________________
What I Can Do _____________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 2: Reflection (5pts each) _____________________________________________________________________
1. _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________ ACTIVITY 4: Explore Korean Music (5pts.each)
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

3. Socio-
Music
Historical
_____________________________________________________________________ Instruments
Context
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________ Function of Music
Music Vocals

What’s More
 ACTIVITY 5: Post-Test ACTIVITY 6: PERFORMANCE TASK: Flute Making (15 pts.)
I. Multiple Choice Submit through online (Messenger or Google classroom)
1. _______ 6. _____
2. _______ 7. _____
3. _______ 8. _____ RUBRICS for Flute Making
4. _______ 9. _____ Criteria Excellent Good Fair Poor
5. _______ 10. ____ (5pts) (4 pts.) (3 pts.) (2 pts)

II. Match the Pictures (2pts each). Write the name of instrument that 1. Following Followed the Followed Followed Did not
correspond to the pictures. directions directions most of the some of the follow the
correctly directions directions directions.
1. _____________ 2. Creativity Student’s Student’s Student’s Student’s
2. _____________ and output is very output is output is fair output is dull
3. _____________ workmanship creative and good and and has few with lots of
4. _____________ tidy. tidy. errors. errors.
5. _____________ 3. Submitted Student’s Student’s Student’s Student’s
on time submitted on submitted submitted submitted
the day of late for 1 day late for 2 late for 3
III. Compare and Contrast (3 pts. each number) submission days days
East Asian Name of the Hornbostel-Sachs Counterpart schedule
Instruments Country Classification instrument in the
Philippines
1. Changgo

2. Biwa

3. Piri

4. Geumungo

5. Sheng