Practical No: - 10

Aim: - Conduct folding endurance of paper.

Apparatus:-Folding endurance tester.

Folding endurance of paper: Folding endurance of paper is defined log10 the

number of double folds required. To break paper sample under standardized
condition of load applied. F= 10910 N

Where F is the folding endurance and N the number of double folds folding
endurance is especially applicable. For papers used for maps, bank notes, archival
document etc.

Affecting factors: - (1) the direction of the fibers in relation to the folding. (2) The
type of fibers used (length, diameter) (3) the filler percentage. (4) The thickness the
paper. Degree of refining of fibers used in pulp slurry for paper making.

Significance:- The folding endurance test measure a combination of tensile

Strength Stretch and torque properties this test is also useful four measure the
duration of paper upon again as it is Sensitive to changes. Before there is which a
change prow & up with long before there is change tensile burst Resistance =
slight measure in relative humidity Cause a marked measure in the folding
endurance this copied with the extremely small area faced result m wide variation
for individual sample measure of this variability, folding endurance is not often
used as a specification unless a tolerance of at least 20% is allowed for high grade
paper and 30% of extraordinary paper.

Test Specimens: - Specimen to be tacked shall be cut accident. In each principal

direction of a paper with a width of 10cm (4in) and at least 10cm length long they
shall be initially free from folds wrinkle or blemished not inherent m the paper, and
the area where the takes place shall not contain. Any portion of a watermark the
edges of the Specimen must be lean at a parallel the Specimen shall be so selected
from the sample Standard by the sampling method as to be representative of the
Sample lest to specimens cut form each principal direction of the paper.
Conditioning:-Condition and test the paper in an atmosphere in accordance with
TAPPI T 402 "Standard Conditioning and Testing Atmospheres for Paper, Board,
Pulp Hand sheets and Related Products"

Procedure: -

1. Test sample strips of size 1.5cm width and 20 cm (enough to be clamped in

upper and. lower jaw) length should be taken
2. First press the upper clamp to compress the spring with the help of load as
we have to apply tension 1kgf or 9.8 n sample strips.
3. The fix the sample strip in both upper and lower jaws so that it should be
fight without any slackness and distortion.
4. Now, release the load applied and supplies the on top of upper jaw on camp
so the spring will expand and apply the tension of 9.8 № in paper sample
strip.
5. We can fix two samples, one in loft side Assembly of clamps and one
Assembly of clamps.
6. The samples of paper are taken from MD and Co direction of paper, so first
cut sample trip length wise and then width wise of paper sample given
7. 7. Fix both the samples in left and right set Assembly of clamps.
8. Fix the reading at o at start of folding operation.
9. Now start motor by switching on both simultaneously.
10.The counter will start counting the double. Fold in left and right display
white.
11. AL the break point counter will stop. So note down the readings of both
side.
12.. This will give number of double folds. And using the calculation in given
above formula. Find the values of folding endurance.
13. Three reading should be taken fall every samples and average should be
calculated.

Calculation: -

Observations: - Folding endurance to machine direction or grain direction is

greater than the cross direction of paper.
 Result: - we have studied about folding endurance test of paper and paper board
and calculate and folding endurance to machine and cross direction of paper.