Objectives

• Describe a written text as connected discourse

• Distinguish between and among techniques in selecting and
organizing information
• Distinguish between and among patterns of development in
writing across disciplines; and
• Identify properties of a well-written text
“TEXT IS A CONNECTED
DISCOURSE.”
 WRITING
• It is a method of representing language in visual or
tactile form.
• It is a medium of communication that represents
language through the inscription of signs and
symbols. In most languages, it is a complement to
speech or spoken language.
 WRITING
• The result of writing is generally called text,
and the recipient of text is called a reader.
PROCESS OF WRITING
Pre-Writing
Actual Writing
Post Writing
 TYPES OF PRE-WRITING
ACTIVITIES
1. Background Activities – These include drawing, talking,
reading, interviewing, and acting which provide information
needed in writing.
2. Informal Activities – These include the following:
• Brainstorming
• Free Writing
• Graphic Organizer
• Outline
 BRAINSTORMING
It is [the initial] process for developing creative
solutions to problems (Alex Faicknet Osborn, 1953).
It focuses on a problem and deliberately comes up
with as many solutions or ideas as possible.
It is the process in which you list as many ideas as
you can think of without censoring them.
 BRAINSTORMING
It is [the initial] process for developing creative
solutions to problems (Alex Faicknet Osborn, 1953).
It focuses on a problem and deliberately comes up
with as many solutions or ideas as possible.
It is the process in which you list as many ideas as
you can think of without censoring them.
 BRAINSTORMING
It is a technique by which a group attempts to
find a solution(s) to a specific problem by amassing ideas
spontaneously (Osborn, 1953). It is a highly effective technique
for maximizing group creative potential, not only to generate
ideas but also to determine which ideas are most likely to succeed
in a specific area of interest (Baumgartner, 2007).
 Brainstorming Techniques
Word storm.
A word storm is
where you write down
the words that come
to mind when you see
another word.
 Brainstorming Techniques
Word associations are the same
as a word storm, except that you
don’t group according to how the
words are related to each other. It
works better as a technique to
get creativity flowing when you
don’t want to bother with over-
thinking how words are related.
 Brainstorming Techniques
Mind mapping.
Using a mind map is a way to visually organize data and
information. Mind mapping has proven popular, particularly if you
are better able to understand data visually instead of as lists or
outlines. Organized around a central idea, a mind map works like
the branch of a tree. Ideas and then sub ideas that are associated
with the main idea branch off from the central idea.
Brainstorming Techniques
 Brainstorming Techniques
Word Banks
Word banks are collections of words based on the kind of
word you need based on a specific topic or theme. This kind of
brainstorming technique works well for copywriters who want
to find a variety of words that suit a specific project without
repeating themselves. You can also use it to build a bank of
words to keep on hand when writing your headlines.
Brainstorming Techniques
BRAINSTORMING
FOUR RULES TO FOLLOW
(John Michael Pierobon)
1. No Criticism
2. Welcome Unusual Ideas
3. Quantity Wanted
4. Combine and Improve Ideas
 FREE WRITING
• It is a technique in which students begin to write and let
their thoughts flow from their minds to their pens
without focusing on mechanics or revisions (Avenilla,
62).
• The goal is the process, not the product.
• This may be observed in two stages: (1) unfocused free
writing, and; (2) focused free writing.
 TOPICS
• Bullying and Anti-bullying
• Climate Change
• Martial Law
• Terrorists / ISIS
• President Rodrigo Duterte
 TASKS
1. Free-writing for 2 minutes (Individual).
2. Brainstorm for 15 minutes (By Group).
3. Create a WORDLE (By Group).
4. Presentation of Group Output