Determination of molecular

CE2009(II)46
formulae
Once the empirical formula and the relative
Eng_book compound are known,
molecular mass
compound.
of a we can determine the
This is of
because molecular
molecular formula the
multiple of
formula is a whole number
empirical formula.
complete 15
combustion 12

第16⻚，共36⻚
III
Metals
H20 Example
Chem_9_( ... _pdf.pdf Chem_10_ ... _pdf.pdf
12.7
Determining molecular formula using empirical
A compound
formula and has an molecular
relative empirical formula
mass CH2 and a relative
molecular
molecular mass of 42.0. Determine its
(Relative
formula. atomic
Solution
masses: H = 1.0, C =
Let
12.0)the molecular formula of the compound be
Relative molecular
(CH2)n, where n is a whole number.
n(12.0 =+ 42.01.0
 the molecular formula
mass of (CH2)n
× 2) = 42.0= n
3 of the
compound is (CH2)3, i.e. C3H6.
H20 Example CE2003(I)3(b)
12.8 CE2008(II)31
Determining empirical
(i) formula and molecular
Compound
formula using X was found
percentage toby
AS2010(II)4(a) contain
mass carbon and hydrogen
80%
only. carbon and
Experiments 20% hydrogen by mass. If its relative
showed that it contained
formula
molecular and mass is 30.0, calculate the empirical
(Relative atomic
molecular formula of
Chem_11_ ... _pdf.pdf Chem_12_ ... _pdf.pdf
Solution
masses:
X. H = 1.0, C =
Assume
12.0) that there are 100 g of X. Then there are
80 g of carbon and 20 g of hydrogen. CH
Mass (g) 80 20
Relative atomic mass 12.0 1.0
Number of moles
(= mass 12.0
80 = 6.67 20 1.0 =
ofmolar
atoms (mol) )
(g) 20
mass (gwhole
Simplest 6.67 = 1 20 6.67

smallest
(divided by the
mol–1)mole
number ratio of =3
number of
the empirical
atoms
moles)
Let the molecular
formula of X is CH3. formula of X be (CH3)n,
Relative molecular
where n is the whole number.
n(12.0=+30.0
mass of (CH3)n 1.0
× 3) = 15.0n
 the molecular
30.0
n=
= 30.0
Chem_13_ ... _pdf.pdf 2 Chem_14_ ... _pdf.pdf
Note: 2.99 can
formula of X is C2H6.be rounded off to 3, but 2.8 is
Try Chapter
usually NOT rounded off to 3.
12 Exercise Q24
16

第17⻚，共36⻚ 12
Reacting
H20 Example 第 16 ⻚ ，共
CE2007(I)12(a) 36 ⻚ masses
12.9 DSE2013(IB)3(a)