distillation of liquid

for
(c)
Covalent transportation
A nitrogen
its outermost
atom
(e) There are three
airhas five electrons
electronic
bonding
shell. Tonoble
nearest attain an lone pairs of
bond pairs and two
molecule.
Eng_book
atomChem_9_(2nd)_pdf.pdf
in arrangement
gas, each
shell
shares of
electrons (f)electrons
elements, the
in a
This is because
the of
three
atom. Asitsa result, nitrogen
tobond
reactbetween
with other
nitrogen
with another
bond the
outermost
a triple covalent strong
has triple
to be broken
nitrogen
forms. nitrogen
a lot of atoms
(a) Suggest a method used to obtain (g)covalent
first, which
Intermolecular
energy.
forces
(b) What gas
nitrogen typefrom
of bonding
air. is present in requires der
forces/van
(c) Describe how
a nitrogen molecule? the bonding stated in (b) Waals’
formsDraw
(d) the electron
in a nitrogen molecule. diagram (showing
(e) How many bond pairs and lone
electrons
(f) Explain whyin the outermost shells only) for a
nitrogen
pairs
(g)
is Stateof electrons
the
unreactive.attractive arethat
forces there
exist in a
nitrogen molecule.
between the nitrogen molecules. 18.
nitrogen molecule?
Section (b) (i) E. This is
(a) B conducts
18. The following table shows
9.7 because
solid itstate or
(ii)electricity
A. This isin
some physical
Substance Meltingproperties
point (°C) of five
Electrical when
the
because
solid
molten.
not conduct
it does
state but
when solid when electricity
conductivity in
substances
Solubility in A to
water
Chem_5_(2nd)_pdf.pdf
A 680 Soluble E.Good
Poor
Chem_6_(2nd)_pdf.pdf
molten conducts
(iii) B and C.
the
when
both of them
B –70 Insoluble Poor Poor This is because
electricity no
molten.
do not
solid state or
C 56 Insoluble Poor Poor matter in the
Besides, they
conduct
when
meltingmolten.
D 1610 Insoluble Poor Poor have
(iv) low is
D. This
E 660 Insoluble Good Good points.
not conduct
because it does
matter in the
electricity
when no
molten.
(a) Which of the above substances is/are solidastate
has very or
However,
point. it
(b)
not Which of thestate
in the solid aboveat 25°C? high melting
(i) 18. (c)
substances is/are (d) C.Wax does not conduct electricity no
(ii) ionic
metal(s)? B and
it isCa low-
matter it with
(iii) covalent compound(s) is in athe solid state or when
compound(s)? melting
(iv) covalent molten.Besides,
compound(s)
simple molecular structure? with a
Explain your solid.
giant covalent structure?
(c) Which of the above substance(s) is/are
answers.
(d) Which of the above substances could be
likely
wax? Explainto beyoursoluble
answer. in heptane, which is a 31
Chem_7_(2nd)_pdf.pdf Chem_8_(2nd)_pdf.pdf
non-aqueous solvent? 9

32II 44
Microscopic 19. (a)graphite;
(b) W: W: giant covalent structure; X:
X: sodium
Section
world I (c) X: ionic bonding;
19. giant
9.8 The diagrams ionic
chloride;
below Y:show
Y: covalent structure;
diamond;
the Z:
bonding Y: giant covalent
iodine
structure; Z: simple molecular structure
structures of four solids W to Z.

WXYZ
(a) What types of structures do W, X, Y
(b) ZSuggest
Chem_9_(2nd)_pdf.pdf
and four substances
have respectively?
(c) Name the types of bonding present in
that
Chem_10_(2nd)_pdf.pdf

have X the
(d)byName
solids and Ysame
these all structures
types
respectively. as W,forces
of attractive X, Y present
and
(e) Z respectively.
inforces.
solids
Which W Xand
solid, or Z, Z
hasrespectively
a higher melting and state what
(f) W andare
point? Explain Y belong
your answer. to two different forms of
particles
cannot.
19. (d) held
In solid W,forces.
the44 atoms within
carbon. Explain
Section intermolecular
molecules arewhy
31 heldW can
together conduct
In solid Z, each
electricity
the
20.
9.9while layer
Diamond,
Y byatomsare
weak linked
quartz
withinand by
each
intermolecular strong
glass covalent
are all are
molecule
hardest known natural (Answers