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UDC 692.88-78:625.738
BS 6180:1995
The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Technical Sector
Board for Building and Civil Engineering (B/-) to Subcommittee B/209/2, upon
which the following bodies were represented:
Aluminium Federation
Association of Building Engineers
Brick Development Association
British Parking Association
British Plastics Federation
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Contents
Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
Foreword ii
1 Scope 1
2 References 1
3 Definitions 1
4 Materials, components and methods of design and construction 1
5 Preliminary considerations 3
6 Design criteria 3
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7 Concrete 5
8 Glass 6
9 Masonry 9
10 Metals 10
11 Plastics 16
12 Timber 18
13 Composites 19
14 Installation 19
Annex A (normative) Building-use categories and barrier loadings 20
Annex B (normative) Vehicle impact on barriers 22
Annex C (informative) Bolt fixing of glass in barriers 25
Index 28
Figure 1 — Datum, barrier height and design height 2
Figure 2 — Height and width of barriers in front of fixed seating 6
Figure 3 — Preferred minimum bending radius for rectangular
hollow steel sections 13
Figure 4 — Typical site fixing details for steel barriers 14
Figure B.1 — Impact forces for vehicles impacting at right angles
to a barrier 23
Figure B.2 — Typical impact forces for vehicles impacting at 20° to
a barrier, at 10 mile/h 24
Figure C.1 — Alternative bolt fixing arrangement for thick toughend
glass infill panels 25
Figure C.2 — Clamping systems for free-standing glass balustrades 26
Table 1 — Barrier heights 4
Table 2 — Sizes of fully framed single glass panes which will be
in accordance with the design criteria given in annex A 8
Table 3 — Recommended coating thickness and applications 10
Table 4 — Preferred minimum hot bending radius for rectangular
hollow steel sections 13
Table A.1 — Use of buildings or part of building 20
Table A.2 — Barrier loadings 21
List of references 29
© BSI 11-1998 i
BS 6180:1995
Foreword
This revision of BS 6180 has been prepared under the direction of the Technical
Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering, B/-, and supersedes
BS 6180:1982 which is withdrawn.
The changes incorporated in this revision reflect the current materials and
practice used in the design, manufacture and installation of barriers, and are
intended to provide some clarification on ways of applying the code.
In view of the variety of materials available for barrier construction and the wide
range of possible uses for barriers, this code does not attempt to standardize
methods of design but, following the last edition, refers instead to existing
structural design codes. Clause 4 allows users freedom to choose materials and
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Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
pages 1 to 30, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.
ii © BSI 11-1998
BS 6180:1995
1 Scope 3 Definitions
This British Standard gives recommendations for For the purposes of this British Standard, the
the design and construction of temporary and definitions given in BS 6100 apply, together with
permanent barriers to be provided in and about the following.
buildings and places of assembly, such barriers 3.1
being positioned and designed to protect persons barrier
from various hazards and to restrict or control the
movement of persons or vehicles. This British a protective barrier which is any element of building
Standard is applicable to: or structure, permanent or temporary, intended to
prevent persons from falling and to retain, stop or
a) barriers that indicate routes;
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1) barriers for resisting impact from vehicles the level at which the horizontal force on the barrier
is assumed to act for the purposes of design
travelling at speeds greater than 16 km/h, for
(see Figure 1)
example, bridge parapets beyond the curtilage
of a building, or highway safety barriers 3.4
(see BS 6779); safety glass or safety plastics material
2) barriers used in building operations and glass or plastics sheet material which remains
works of engineering construction. unbroken or breaks safely under the test specified in
BS 6206
2 References 3.5
2.1 Normative references handrail
This British Standard incorporates, by dated or a rail normally grasped by hand for guidance or
undated reference, provisions from other support
publications. These normative references are made
at the appropriate places in the text and the cited 4 Materials, components and methods
publications are listed on page 29. For dated of design and construction
references, only the edition cited applies; any
subsequent amendments to or revisions of the cited Recommendations for the detailed design and
publication apply to this British Standard only construction of barriers using various materials,
components and methods are given in
when incorporated in the reference by amendment
clauses 7 to 13. Where materials, components and
or revision. For undated references, the latest
methods of design and construction are not covered
edition of the cited publication applies, together
by these clauses or by any other British Standard,
with any amendments.
this is not to be regarded as discouraging their use.
2.2 Informative references The designer should satisfy himself that the
This British Standard refers to other publications materials and methods to be employed are such as
that provide information or guidance. Editions of to ensure durability, integrity and a level of
these publications current at the time of issue of this performance at least equal to that recommended in
standard are listed on page 30, but reference should this code.
be made to the latest editions. Alternatively, a test assembly should be built to
prove the material, component or method under
consideration. The test assembly should be
representative, as to materials, workmanship and
details, of the design and construction for which
approval is desired, and should be built under
conditions truly representative of the conditions in
the actual building construction or curtilage
involved.
© BSI 11-1998 1
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© BSI 11-1998 2
BS 6180:1995
BS 6180:1995
© BSI 11-1998 3
BS 6180:1995
NOTE The design level should be taken to be 1.1 m above datum level in all cases.
(This is the assumed height of the centre of the human body above datum level.)
4 © BSI 11-1998
BS 6180:1995
Where the infill panel is a plastics material, as given 6.7 Support from adjacent construction
in 11.4, then the horizontal displacement of any Designers should ensure that any construction or
point of the infill panel should not exceed L/80 structure acting as support for barriers is of
(where L is the clear span of the infill panel between adequate strength and stability to sustain all
supports) or 25 mm, whichever is the lesser. applied loads safely without excessive stress,
This recommendation is in addition to any deflection or distortion.
recommendations for limiting deflection under full
6.8 Maintenance
load given in the appropriate structural codes for
the material to be used, in which event the most Designers are alerted to the need to provide for the
onerous limit is to be applied. safe maintenance of barriers. Consideration should
be given to the possibility of tampering or
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© BSI 11-1998 5
BS 6180:1995
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6 © BSI 11-1998
BS 6180:1995
height
Where glass is used in a protective barrier which
Glass in this position should be designed to satisfy
does not fill the whole of an opening, the glass
the appropriate design criteria given in clause 6.
should be a safety glass (see 3.4) and should conform
Any part of a glass pane below the barrier height
to the appropriate impact test requirements of
should sustain the infill loads. Where the barrier
BS 6206, as recommended in 8.6.
height is coincident with the glass, the glass should
Laminated glass is a safety glass suitable for all also sustain the line load applied at the appropriate
barriers where the glass is used fully framed. height.
Toughened glass is a safety glass suitable for all The deflection of the glass should be as
barriers where the glass is fully or partially framed recommended in 8.1.3, taking L as the longest
or is free-standing (see 8.1.1 c)). dimension of the glass.
Wired glass which is in accordance with BS 6206 is Table 2 indicates sizes of glass panes for different
not suitable for use in the types of barrier described types and thicknesses of glass which, when used
in 8.1.1 b) and 8.1.1 c), but can be used in full height with a glazing method which fully supports the
barriers where the glass is used fully framed. The glass along all edges, will withstand the design
manufacturer should be consulted. criteria given in clause 6. Significantly larger sizes
8.2.2 Working of glass than those shown in Table 2 may be possible,
depending on the shape of the glass pane and
The size, position and shape of holes and notches in
whether it is in a double glazing unit. Glazing
toughened glass, and the production of shapes other
methods which do not support the glass on all four
than rectangles, should be decided after
edges may require smaller sizes or thicker glass.
consultation with the manufacturer.
NOTE Glass totally above the barrier height is outside the
8.2.3 Fixing of glass scope of this British Standard.
Contact between glass and any other hard material 8.4 Design of infill panels
(including other glass parts) should be prevented. 8.4.1 Design criteria
Rubber gaskets or other glazing materials should be
used with frame sections. The frame section should Infill panels should be designed to satisfy the
give a minimum of 15 mm edge cover to the glass. appropriate design criteria given in clause 6.
Where bolted connections are used, it is essential to 8.4.2 Fully framed infill panels
surround bolts through holes in the glass with The deflection of the glass should be as
incompressible bushes 2 mm to 3 mm thick, recommended in 8.1.3, taking L as the longest
and 1 mm thick incompressible fibre gaskets should dimension of the glass.
be used under clamping plates.
8.4.3 Two-edge framed infill panels
The frame and/or fastenings should be designed so
that they do not tend to distort the glass panel. This The deflection of the glass should be as
is more important with bolted connections, which recommended in 8.1.3, taking L as the span between
can exert considerable forces on the glass, where the supporting frames.
particular attention should be paid to the alignment
and position of the fasteners in order to avoid
unnecessary stresses being developed.
The glass, framing system and connections of
barriers and infill panels should be capable of
sustaining and safely transmitting the design loads
to the supporting structure.
© BSI 11-1998 7
BS 6180:1995
Table 2 — Sizes of fully framed single glass panes which will be in accordance with the design
criteria given in annex A
Design criteria from annex A Nominal glass Area for glass type (m2)
thickness mm
Laminated glass Toughened glass Safety wired glass
Line load 0.36 kN/m + UDL 6 3.6 3.8 3.4
0.5 kN/m2 + concentrated 8 5.8 6.0 —
load 0.25 kN
10 8.4 8.6 —
12 11.6 11.7 —
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$ 15 no limit no limit —
Line load 0.74 kN/m + UDL 6 2.2 2.4 0.2
1.0 kN/m2 + concentrated 8 4.2 4.3 —
load 0.5 kN
10 5.8 6.0 —
12 7.8 8.0 —
15 — 11.4 —
16 12.9 — —
$ 19 no limit no limit —
Line load 1.5 kN/m + UDL 6 not applicable not applicable not applicable
1.5 kN/m2 + concentrated 8 not applicable 1.8 —
load 1.5 kN
10 0.2 4.2 —
12 3.4 6.2 —
15 — 9.0 —
16 9.9 — —
19 — 13.5 —
20 14.4 — —
$ 24 no limit no limit —
NOTE 1 Glass panels within these sizes will satisfy the design criteria irrespective of shape and for glazing methods which support
the glass panel on all edges.
NOTE 2 Conformity with this table does not necessarily indicate suitability for purpose. The thickness and type of glass panel that
can be used may also be affected by other criteria, e.g. wind loads, and these should also be taken into account when selecting the
glass.
NOTE 3 UDL = Uniformly distributed load.
8 © BSI 11-1998
BS 6180:1995
8.5 Design of free-standing glass protective 8.6.4 Barrier with glass infills or free-standing
barriers glass barrier
8.5.1 Design criteria The impact energy level will vary according to the
The glass should be designed to satisfy the position of the barrier relative to the unhindered
appropriate design criteria given in clause 6. distance a body can travel in a direction
perpendicular to the surface of the protective
The deflection of the glass should be as barrier (the free path). The impact classes that
recommended in 8.1.3, taking L as 1 250 mm. should be used are:
8.5.2 Handrail attachment class C of BS 6206:1981 for a free path less
Where the barrier protects a difference in level than 1 500 mm; and
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greater than 600 mm, a handrail should always be class A of BS 6206:1981 for a free path greater
used. Continuous fixing is recommended for fixing than 1 500 mm.
the handrail to the glass, since individual fixing
The designer should select materials that will not
points may introduce unacceptable stress
break when the barrier is subjected to the normal
concentrations.
design loads that may be applied and will not be
The handrail should be attached to the glass in such penetrated at the required impact class.
a manner that, should a glass panel fracture, the
Since BS 6206 classifies toughened glass as a safety
handrail:
glass only for safe breakage when impact tested and
a) will remain in position; does not classify it for resistance against
b) will not fail if the design load is applied across penetration, the following recommendations are
the resulting gap. given as guidance for the selection of toughened
Condition b) may be relaxed where the glass pane glass:
is an end panel and protects a difference in level class C to BS 6206:1981 (no penetration)
of 600 mm or less, for example, at the foot of a flight min. 6 mm toughened glass; class A to
of stairs. In cases where an end pane protects a BS 6206:1981 (no penetration) min. 10 mm
difference in level greater than 600 mm, there toughened glass.
would normally be some adjacent structure to which Other types of safety glass, e.g. laminated glass, will
the handrail could be attached, thus enabling it to normally be classified as a safety glass because of
meet condition b). their resistance to penetration.
8.5.3 Structural movement 8.7 Maintenance
The structural movement due to live or dead loads All glass should be regularly cleaned and fixings
or creep of the structure to which a barrier pane is checked for corrosion and loosening.
clamped should be not greater than 2 mm over the
length of any barrier panel, if more than two bolts 9 Masonry
are used to clamp that panel.
9.1 General
8.5.4 Fixing clamps
All unreinforced masonry used in the construction
The attachment of the fixing clamps to the structure of barriers, both separately and in conjunction with
should be capable of withstanding the turning other materials, should be designed and constructed
moment induced at the fixing clamps. Advice on in accordance with BS 5628-1 and BS 5628-3, using
fixing clamps is given in annex C. the design criteria given in clause 6 of this code.
8.6 Impact resistance (containment) Special consideration should be given to the design
8.6.1 General of any masonry wall expected to resist vehicle
impact.
In addition to resisting the design loads, the
materials used should also be appropriate to resist For guidance on the design of reinforced and
impact forces. prestressed masonry, see BS 5628-2.
8.6.2 Glass in barriers which do not protect a 9.2 Damp-proof courses
difference in levels of more than 600 mm Damp-proof courses should be designed and
The glass should be in accordance with the safety constructed in accordance with BS 5628-3.
glazing recommendations given in BS 6262-4. Damp-proof courses at the base of masonry walls
should provide the necessary adhesion across joints
8.6.3 Glass in full height barriers
to achieve the required strength.
The glass should be in accordance with the safety
glazing recommendations given in BS 6262-4.
© BSI 11-1998 9
BS 6180:1995
9.3 Wall ties NOTE The design rules of BS 8118-1 do not cover the design of
castings.
Where cavity walls, collar jointed walls or grouted
cavity walls act as protective barriers, the separate 10.1.3 Surface finish
leaves should be connected by wall ties as 10.1.3.1 General
recommended in BS 5628-1 or BS 5628-2, as There are five main types of surface finish for
appropriate. Special consideration should be given architectural aluminium:
to the durability of certain wall ties when used in
a) mill finish (as manufactured);
conditions of severe exposure (see BS 5628-2 or
BS 5628-3, as appropriate). b) anodized finishes, natural and coloured, all of
which can be textured by mechanical and/or
9.4 Copings
chemical means;
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10 © BSI 11-1998
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© BSI 11-1998 11
BS 6180:1995
Wrought copper alloys should conform to BS 2874 means that the metals in contact are more likely to
which includes a wide range of brasses, free corrode. Care should be taken to ensure that all
machining brasses, high tensile brasses fasteners are made of copper alloys since steel
(manganese bronzes) and aluminium bronzes. Of fasteners may rust. When considering bimetallic
these the most frequently used for architectural corrosion reference should be made to PD 6484.
applications are CZ 130, CZ 110, CZ 121 and CZ 131. 10.3 Steel
Aluminium bronzes commonly specified are CA 104 10.3.1 General
and CA 106.
Steel for use in protective barriers should be
10.2.2.2 Casting alloys designed to meet the design criteria given in
Large and intricate shapes are generally best made clause 6. Stainless steel can be used where an
as castings. Materials should conform to BS 1400. attractive appearance and/or great durability are
Brasses suitable for castings include SCB3 required. Weather resistant steels are also
(sandcasting), DCB1 and DCB3 for die castings and available.
arsenical brass which is ideal for brazing. High 10.3.2 Choice of steels
tensile brasses such as HTB1 are stronger and also
have good corrosion resistance. The following steels are recommended for the
construction of protective barriers.
Gunmetals such as LG2 can be used where a copper
colour is required combined with good a) Carbon and low alloy steels conforming to
machinability. Aluminium bronzes such as AB1 and BS 970, BS 1449-1, BS EN 10143, BS 4360,
AB2 are very strong and have good corrosion BS EN 10029, BS EN 10025, BS 6323 or
resistance, especially in marine environments. BS 6363.
b) Stainless steel conforming to BS 970-1,
10.2.3 Surface finish
BS 1449-2 or BS 3605 for plate, sheet, strip, rod,
Copper and copper alloys can be finished to a high angles, welded and seamless tubes. Very ductile
standard and polished if required. Many proprietary but austenitic grades work harden rapidly when
treatments are available to preserve the finish. manipulated.
These processes should be specified with due regard
Recommended grades listed in BS 970-1, BS 1449-2
to their suitability for use with copper alloys.
and BS 3605 are 304S16, 315S16, 316S31
10.2.4 Fabrication and 316S33 (austenitic) and 430S17 and 434S17
All wrought copper alloys can be bent and formed to (ferritic).
an extent depending on their cold ductility. Most Mechanical jointing methods should preferably be
can also be hot formed by extrusion or hot stamping used for ferritic grades. Austenitic grades are
or forging. All copper alloys can be readily machined suitable for welding or mechanical jointing.
provided the suitable tools, feeds and speeds are NOTE Cast iron is now rarely used, but may be specified for
used. Where rapid screw threading is required, ornamental features. Wrought iron is no longer available. The
special free machining alloys are available. term “wrought iron” is often used loosely and incorrectly to
describe a type of forming used for decorative gates and panels.
Welding can only be used with tin bronzes and
10.3.3 Design
aluminium bronzes and to a limited extent with
brasses, but these materials can be readily brazed or For the purposes of the design of commonly used
soldered. weldable structural steels, the allowable stresses
recommended in BS 449-2 or the limit state design
method of BS 5950-1 and BS 5950-5 should be used.
12 © BSI 11-1998
BS 6180:1995
Figure 3 — Preferred minimum bending radius for rectangular hollow steel sections
© BSI 11-1998 13
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© BSI 11-1998 15
BS 6180:1995
here, detailed information on the particular which may be unreinforced or suitably reinforced.
material to be used should be sought, as required, The materials used should be safety plastics
from appropriate industrial sources. materials conforming to the impact performance
requirements of BS 6206 (see 11.5).
Plastics materials classified as low level glazing in a
building façade should be designed using the design NOTE Typical examples of such materials are acrylic,
polycarbonate and rigid PVC.
criteria given in BS 6262. Other barriers of plastics
materials should be designed to satisfy the design Reinforcement normally consists of wire or metal
criteria given in clause 6. In addition, the material mesh reinforcement incorporated during
should not break when the barrier is subjected to manufacture. Other types of reinforcement may be
the normal design loads that may be applied, and included to give special properties, such as
should not be penetrated when subjected to the increased rigidity or improved fire resistance.
relevant impact test loads (see 11.5). 11.4.2.2 Design
11.2 Types of plastics A nominal additional safety factor of 1.5 should be
A plastics material is a material based on an organic applied to the design loads, to allow for possible
polymeric substance of large relative molecular ageing effects after long-term weathering.
mass1) which may be used either in its raw material Allowance should be made for the high coefficient of
state or in combination with other chemical linear thermal expansion of thermoplastics infill
additives that modify the properties of the raw panels and a clearance of 5 mm per metre length
material to suit particular applications. should be provided within the metal support frames.
Plastics materials can be divided into two general 11.4.2.3 Fixing
groups, thermoplastics and thermosetting Direct fixing of bolts, screws or clips should not be
(thermoset) materials. Within these groups, there used on acrylic panels and is not recommended for
are various differing types of materials. polycarbonate or PVC panels. Fixing should be by
Thermoplastics comprise plastics materials that the use of metal profile framing fixed to the
soften under the influence of heat, thus undergoing supporting section and handrail. In the case of
physical, but not chemical, change. acrylic infill panels, edge supports should be over all
of the exposed edges, i.e. full framing.
Thermosetting (thermoset) materials comprise
plastics materials that have undergone an In the case of fully framed infill panels, the rebate
irreversible chemical change during their depth of the thermoplastics sheet should be not less
manufacture. In their final form, these materials than 20 mm per metre length. In the case of
often incorporate reinforcing fibres, such as glass two-edge framing only, i.e. non acrylic panels, the
fibre or carbon fibre. minimum rebate depth should be not less
than 35 mm per metre length.
11.3 Structural members
Neoprene, butyl or similar suitable rubber profile
Structural members made from plastics materials section should be used to frame the thermoplastics
should only be made from reinforced thermosetting panel within the metal frame. PVC profile section or
plastics. Structural members may be fabricated as flexible mastic sealants should not be used.
complete units or supplied as shaped rod or profile
stock for subsequent fabrication and assembly. All metal fixings should be protected from corrosion.
1)
Formerly known as molecular weight.
16 © BSI 11-1998
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© BSI 11-1998 17
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18 © BSI 11-1998
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they should be protected against damage during designed in accordance with the appropriate
transportation. clause for the material from which it is made.
12.7 Fixing on site 14 Installation
Care should be taken to avoid overstressing of
The installation of a barrier should be supervised by
members during fixing. All site-bolted joints should
a suitably qualified person or persons, who should
be inspected and all bolts should be carefully
ensure that the design assumptions have been
tightened without crushing the wood under the
effectively implemented. In this connection,
washers or plates. The fixing of barriers should take
inspections and investigations should be carried out
place as late as practicable in the construction of the
as necessary to establish the integrity of the
building. Bolts and fixings should be checked for
materials and the elements of construction used.
tightness before handing over and subsequently at
the end of the maintenance period.
All metal fixings should be protected from corrosion.
12.8 Protection after fixing
Protective barriers should be safeguarded from
damage by other trades. Temporary supports may
be necessary if the assembly is fixed into wet joints.
These supports should remain in place until all
materials are fully set. Special protection may be
necessary for polished or stained finishes to ensure
that other trades do not mark or damage the finish.
12.9 Maintenance
The periodical cleaning and the renewal of certain
finishes is necessary to maintain a good appearance.
Some applied finishes may crack and peel when
used outside and these should be checked at regular
intervals and renewed as necessary.
All joints and connections should be checked to see
if movement exists within the joints. The screws and
nails within the joint should be checked for
corrosion, particularly if the protective system is
damaged.
© BSI 11-1998 19
BS 6180:1995
Annex A (normative)
Building-use categories and barrier loadings
Building use categories are defined in Table A.1 and loadings for these categories are given in Table A.2.
Table A.1 — Use of buildings or part of building
Building-use category Descriptive title
Residential
4 Office.
Retail
7A Car parks.
7B Any part of a building involving vehicular movement less than 10 mile/h.
NOTE The same building may include two or more different building-use categories. For example, a school sports hall might come
under category 3B whereas a classroom in the same school might come under category 2.
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1 2 3 4
Stairs, landings, ramps and edges of internal External balconies, edges of roofs, footways Balconies and stands, etc. having fixed seating
floors and pavements within 530 mm of the barrier
Building use design level infill concentrated design level infill concentrated design level infill concentrated
category horizontal UDL UDL load horizontal UDL UDL load horizontal UDL UDL load
kN/m2 run kN/m2 kN kN/m2 run kN/m2 kN kN/m2 run kN/m2 kN
1A,6A 0.36 0.5 0.25 0.74 1.0 0.5
not applicable not not applicable
applicable
1B, 1C, 2, 3C, 4, 0.74 1.0 0.5 0.74 1.0 0.5 not applicable not not applicable
6B applicable
3A, 3B 3.0 1.5 1.5 3.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
5, 7A 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 not applicable not not applicable
applicable
7B Horizontal loadings imposed by vehicles with a Weight of less than 2 500 kg and travelling at less than 10 mile/h should be
calculated using annex B, subject to a minimum load of 150 kN.
Vehicles exceeding these limits are not covered by this standard.
NOTE 1 The building-use categories are listed in Table A.1.
NOTE 2 Loadings for crush barriers and handrails in use category 3A are given in the HMSO Guide to Safety at Sports Grounds [2].
NOTE 3 Column 4: see 6.9.
NOTE 4 UDL = uniformly distributed load.
BS 6180:1995
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22 © BSI 11-1998
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Figure B.1 — Impact forces for vehicles impacting at right angles to a barrier
© BSI 11-1998 23
BS 6180:1995
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Figure B.2 — Typical impact forces for vehicles impacting at 20° to a barrier, at 10 mile/h
24 © BSI 11-1998
BS 6180:1995
NOTE Where toughened glass of 10 mm thickness or greater C.2.2 Continuous fixing clamps
and of maximum dimension less than 1 500 mm is used, an
alternative acceptable fixing design is shown in Figure C.1. The fixing clamps on each side of the glass should be
Using this alternative fixing, it is essential to consider tolerances not less than 100 mm wide and be made of a suitable
in detail, since oversize holes in the glass cannot be used with this metal of minimum thickness 12 mm.
fixing system.
The clamps should be continuous for the entire
Where the length of a glass pane is greater than the
length of the glass pane and have a maximum bolt
span between the bolted connectors, giving rise to a
spacing of 500 mm.
cantilevered portion of the pane, the cantilevered
portion should be less than one-quarter of the span Figure C.2 b) shows a typical continuous fixing
between the bolted connectors. clamp.
Under the design loads, the barrier should be C.2.3 Other clamping systems
designed such that the relative in-plane movement Different clamping methods may be used providing
of the bolted connections in the same panel is not they provide effective continuous clamping over the
greater than 2 mm. length of the glass pane. Where a clamping system
that does not rely on bolts through the glass is used,
the depth over which the clamping force operates
should be not less than 75 mm, unless specific tests
have been carried out to prove the integrity of the
system and that it meets the design criteria given in
clause 6. Figure C.2 c) and Figure C.2 d) shows some
alternative clamping systems.
Figure C.1 — Alternative bolt fixing arrangement for thick toughened glass infill panels
© BSI 11-1998 25
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© BSI 11-1998 26
BS 6180:1995
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27 © BSI 11-1998
BS 6180:1995
BS 6180:1995
Index
The following alphabetical index gives clause, annex, table and figure references.
A G S
aluminium 10.1 gaps in barrier 5.3 safety details 6.6
assembly 10.1.5 glass 8 safety glass 3.4
choice of alloys 10.1.2 classification of usage 8.1.1 safety plastics material 3.4
fabrication 10.1.4 design criteria 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6 sight lines 6.9
general 10.1.1 free-standing barriers 8.1.2 c), 7.5 sports ground
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28 © BSI 11-1998
BS 6180:1995
Normative references
BSI publications
BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION, London
BS 639:1986, Specification for covered carbon and carbon manganese steel electrodes for manual
metal-arc welding.
BS 729:1971, Specification for hot dip galvanized coatings on iron and steel articles.
BS 970, Specification for wrought steels for mechanical and allied engineering purposes.
BS 970-1:1991, General inspection and testing procedures and specific requirements for carbon, carbon
manganese, alloy and stainless steels.
BS 1400:1985, Specification for copper alloy ingots and copper alloy and high conductivity copper castings.
BS 1449, Steel plate, sheet and strip plate.
BS 1449-1, Carbon and carbon-manganese plate, sheet and strip.
BS 1449-2:1983, Specification for stainless and heat-resisting steel plate, sheet and strip.
BS 1490:1988, Specification for aluminium and aluminium alloy ingots and castings for general
engineering purposes.
BS 1615:1987, Method for specifying anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium and its alloys.
BS 1965, Specification for butt-welding pipe fittings for pressure purposes.
BS 3416:1991, Specification for bitumen-based coatings for cold application, suitable for use in contact
with potable water.
BS 3605, Austenitic stainless steel pipes and tubes for pressure purposes.
BS 3987:1991, Specification for anodic oxidation coatings on wrought aluminium for external architectural
applications.
BS 4300, Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys for general engineering purposes
(supplementary series).
BS 4300/1:1967, Aluminium alloy longitudinally welded tube.
BS 4360:1990, Specification for weldable structural steels.
BS 4921:1988, Specification for sherardized coatings on iron or steel.
BS 5135:1984, Specification for arc welding of carbon and carbon manganese steels.
BS 5268-2:1991, Code of practice for permissible stress design, materials and workmanship.
BS 5268-5:1989, Code of practice for the preservative treatment of structural timber.
BS 5350, Methods of test for adhesives.
BS 5628, Code of practice for use of masonry.
BS 5628-1:1992, Structural use of unreinforced masonry.
BS 5628-2:1985, Structural use of reinforced and prestressed masonry.
BS 5628-3:1985, Materials and components, design and workmanship.
BS 5950, Structural use of steelwork in building.
BS 6100, Glossary of building and civil engineering terms.
BS 6206:1981, Specification for impact performance requirements for flat safety glass and safety plastics for
use in buildings.
BS 6262:1982, Code of practice for glazing for buildings.
BS 6270, Code of practice for cleaning and surface repair of buildings.
BS 6270-1:1982, Natural stone, cast stone and clay and calcium silicate brick masonry.
© BSI 11-1998 29
BS 6180:1995
BS 6323, Specification for seamless and welded steel tubes for automobile, mechanical and general
engineering purposes.
BS 6363:1983, Specification for welded cold formed steel structural hollow sections.
BS 6399, Loading for buildings.
BS 6399-1:1984, Code of practice for dead and imposed loads.
BS 6399-2:1994, Code of practice for wind loading.
BS 6446:1984, Specification for manufacture of glued structural components of timber and wood based
panel products.
BS 8110, Structural use of concrete.
BS 8110-1:1985, Code of practice for design and construction.
BS 8110-2:1985, Code of practice for special circumstances.
BS 8118, Structural use of aluminium.
BS 8118-1:1991, Code of practice for design.
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Informative references
BSI publications
BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION
30 © BSI 11-1998
BS 6180:1995
Other references
[1] GREAT BRITAIN. Safety at Sports Grounds Act 1975: London: HMSO.
[2] HMSO. Guide to Safety at Sports Grounds.
[3] Department of Transport.
Departmental standard TD19/85 Safety fences and barriers.
Departmental standard TD32/89 Wire rope safety fences.
Technical memorandum (Bridges) BE5 The Design of Highway Bridge Parapets, 1978.
Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Old Wokingham Road, Crowthorne, Berks RG11 6AU.
Road Research Laboratory reprint LR 104 The D.A.V. and Blocked-out Beam Crash Barriers, 1967.
Report LR 482 Vehicle impact tests on a Christiani and Nielsen bridge parapet, 1972.
Report LR 485 Vehicle impact tests on reinforced concrete bridge parapets, 1972.
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Report LR 495 Vehicle impact tests on frangible and yield post designs of bridge parapets, 1972.
U.S. Highways Research Board National Research Council/U.S. National Academy of
Science/U.S. National Academy of Engineering South West Research Institute.
National Co-operative Highway Research Program Report 129 Guardrail Crash Test
Evaluation — New Concepts and End Designs.
© BSI 11-1998 31
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