Erbil

polytechnic university
Erbil technical engineering collage
Mechanical and energy engineering department

Electric Lab.

Subject/

Experiment no – 4

Group/ C
Stage/ 2
Experiment data:
Produce by:(Muhamad Wrya Husian)

1

• EXPERIMENT NAME:
Kirchhoff's voltage Laws
• OBJECTIVE:
To verify Kirchhoff's voltage Laws practically.
• THEORY:
1. Kirchhoff's current Law (KCL):
KCL state that the sum of the currents entering any
node equals the sum of the currents leaving the
node, it means the algebraic sum of the currents for
any node is zero.
!

! 𝑖𝑡 = 0
"#$
2.Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL):
KVL state that the algebraic sum of the voltage
around any closed path is zero.
!

! 𝑣𝑡 = 0
"#$

2

• EQUIPMENT & MATERIALS REQUIRED:
- Instruments: Digital Voltmeter and
Ammeter.
DC Power Supply.
- Resistors: Different value Resistors
(Resistance box).

- Wires

• PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the circuit shown in Fig. 1, then
record the total currents (I) and the currents
I1,
I2
and
I3,

3

 when the power supply is (1&3 & 5) volt as
table 1.
2. Connect the circuit shown in Fig. 2, and then
record the Voltmeter readings as in table 1.

4

Table:
No. 𝑉% 𝑉$ 𝑉& 𝑉' Resistanc
volt volt volt volt Ω
1. 1 𝑉% 0.177 0.52 200

2. 3 1.02 0.531 1.531 100

3 5 1.672 0.835 2.51 300

Calculion:
A.Total Resistance;
R=R1+R2+R3
R=200+100+300
R=600Ω
𝑉% 𝑉$ 𝑉& 𝑉' !𝑉

1 0.348 0.177 0.52 1.045

3 1.02 0.512 1.531 3.063

5

 5 1.672 0.835 2.51 5.017
𝑉( 1
𝐼$ = = = 0.00166𝐴
𝑅) 600
𝑉( 3
𝐼& = = = 0.005𝐴
𝑅) 600
𝑉( 5
𝐼' = = = 0.0083𝐴
𝑅) 600

𝑉$ = 𝐼 × 𝑅$ = 0.00166 × 200 𝑉$ = 0.332𝑉

𝑉& = 𝐼 × 𝑅& = 0.00166 × 100 𝑉$ = 0.166𝑉
𝑉' = 𝐼 × 𝑅' = 0.00166 × 300 𝑉$ = 0.498𝑉
Current R1 R2 R3 Voltage
(A) (V)
0.00166 200 100 300 0.996

𝑉$ = 𝐼 × 𝑅$ = 0.005 × 200 𝑉$ = 1𝑉
𝑉& = 𝐼 × 𝑅& = 0.005 × 100 𝑉$ = 0.5𝑉
𝑉' = 𝐼 × 𝑅' = 0.005 × 300 𝑉$ = 1.5𝑉
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 Current R1 R2 R3 Voltage
(A) (V)
0.005 200 100 300 3

𝑉$ = 𝐼 × 𝑅$ = 0.0083 × 200 𝑉$ = 1.66𝑉

𝑉& = 𝐼 × 𝑅& = 0.0083 × 100 𝑉$ = 0.83𝑉
𝑉' = 𝐼 × 𝑅' = 0.0083 × 300 𝑉$ = 2.49𝑉

Current R1 R2 R3 Voltage
(A) (V)
0.0083 200 100 300 4.98

7

Discussion:
- 1. In this experiment, we have two sources of
voltage (1 & 3 &5 volts) tied with three resistors
in Series and parallel, and in this case we must use
the method (Superposition Theorem) to analyze
the circuit and get the results of the currents and
voltages, and after we get the results we found that
there is a difference Simple between the results
obtained from the laboratory (in practice), and the
results that we have acquired from the laws and
analysis (Theoretically), due to the devices used in
the experiment, such as the ammeter and
Voltmeter may be inaccurate and unstable giving
the exact values, and also wire that may be cannot
be good, and to and so many things that affect the
values.
2.Kirchoff is voltage laws equation for the circuit
E=E1+E2+E3
9=1+3+5
9=9

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 𝑅1 200
𝐸$ = ×𝐸 = 9 = 3𝑉
𝑅 600
𝑅2 100
𝐸& = ×𝐸 = 9 = 1.5𝑉
𝑅 600
𝑅3 300
𝐸' = ×𝐸 = 9 = 4.5𝑉
𝑅 600
3.