Environmental Science 1

Group Assignment, Marking scheme

Research Case Study Development

Show the products needed Introduction to your Recommendation for

to select one of them as
your recommendation
“advantages”
Enhance your research by
suitable images
Building with plan layout each point in your
to show the function and research column.
the topic services that Enhance your research by
building have. suitable images
Problems & Conclusion:

Mark = /30 8 Marks 6 Marks 10 Marks

• Ventilation • Ventilation→ cross vent • Ventilation stack vent

• Gain Heat • Legend of Modified QC.
• Shading Devices • Legend of QC • Qc family
• Cooling System
o temp. sketches
• Shading Devices
o wall cross section
• Cooling System

Overall 6 Marks

Students Name: 1. AYA ALAELDIN

Student ID : 221923203
Exam ID : 0303N

2. AMIR JAZLEE BIN AZMIR DIN

Student ID : 223023611
Exam ID : 33861

3.AISHA ABDULLAHI MUHAMMAD

Student ID : 223923789
Exam ID : 8903D
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (ARCHITECTURAL STUDIES) GROUP F
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 1 (ARCH 1421) 1. AYA ALAELDIN - 221923203
LECTURER : MR QAISS N. KUDHEIR 2. AMIR JAZLEE BIN AZMIR DIN – 223023611
SEMESTER : SEPT/ OCT 2022 3. AISHA MUHAMMED

RESEARCH CASE STUDY RECOMMENDATION

A. WIND VENTILATORS: A. Wind ventilators:

★ This research was conducted in one
1.Wind driven roof ventilator: • can absorb the hot air, moisture, dust, foul
• Simple and convenient installation, No of De Centrum's residences in Jalan
smell, and smoke
Operational and Maintenance Cost. Ikram-Uniten, Unipark Suria, Kajang,
• Saving energy and cost.
• No roof leaking, 100% waterproof result with Selangor.
• It is installed on the top of buildings or
raining or snowing weather.
on the wall with a good appearance.
• Green environmental protection ventilation Most of the year, the weather is
equipment warm, humid, and windy, therefore
• Applicability widely bedrooms, study rooms, and living
B. Glasses
rooms are prevalent.
2. Motorized wind ventilator: 2.Tinted Glass
• electrically powered by Motors • Sun Protection and reduce heat
• Provide Very Efficient Exhaus • Increased privacy by hard to see
through clearly inside
B. GLASSES • Improved security since it takes
time to shatter the glass
1. Tinted Glass
• Thickness : 4mm – 10mm
• Quality : Grade A (no scratch) Figure C –Study Room
• Process type : Tempering Figure A- Bedroom C. Shading Devices:
• Glass shape : Flat and Curve 2. Aluminum Sunshade:
• avoid heat by reflecting solar
2. National Guard Fire Safety Glass Model: beams
L-PYRAN-PLATINUMF-6X21 • Air ventilation is possible.
• Shape : Flat • nice appearance weather resistance
• Type : Fire Safety Glass
• Thickness : 5mm
• Structure : Hollow BED ROOM
LIVING S TUDY
• Ceramic Glass Figure B- Living ROOM ROOM
• Heavy Duty 7 mm durable safety film over glass
Qs 16,901.868 33,995.4 18,659.52
Highest Lowest
T
C. SHADING DEVICES Temp Temp
Qv 143 114.4 286
1. terracotta sunscreen cladding system:
8.8 32.5 23.7
• Lightweight mineral cladding (around
30kg/m²) Qi 222.2 142.35
163.4
• Unparalleled durability of terracotta BED ROOM
LIVING S TUDY
ROOM ROOM
• Simple and fast installation using clips Total 17,208.268 34,332 19,087.87
• Maintenance-free and durability Qs 17,098.98 34,441.04 18,659.52
• Fire resistant
2. Aluminium sunshade: Qv 143 114.4 286 Q Percentage Reduction
Heat Insulation
Insect Resistant BEDROOM = 85.19%
Qi 222.2 142.35
Dustproof 163.4
LIVING ROOM =83.41%
Windproof
STUDY ROOM =75.82%
Anti-theft Total 17,405.38 34,777.64 19,087.87
Sunproof / Air Ventilation / Decoration

REFERENCES: Conclusion :
A. https://www.nbchengzhao.com/product/Wind-Driven-Roof-Ventilator- The thermal conductivity of glass is about
152.html?gclid=CjwKCAiAheacBhB8EiwAItVO22edFzGCFL7O3XyoqrIYieYZle_6aFWHM
xBzIkImv32hvXO9RL-8jhoCrqsQAvD_BwE A. Master Room has low air circulation due to having fewer openings. 0.96 W/m/°C. Glass windows are
https://www.shreejiwindventilator.com/motorized-roof-air-ventilator.php B. Living Room is too bright and hot during the day for having large constructed as double pane windows with
B. http://decorglasssolutions.com/product/tinted-glass/ window openings.
https://www.trudoor.com/ngp-national-guard/l-fra100-lite-kit-with-clear-pyran-platinum-f-glass-
C. Study Room has sufficient day lighting but is still too warm during the
a low pressure inert gas layer between the
fire-rated/
C. https://togenfacade.en.made-in-china.com/product/rCqxRMyjnaWD/China-Togen-Natural- day due to receiving direct sun ray. panes, The calculations are as follows:
Curtain-Wall-Rain-S creen-Facade-Terracotta-Panel-for-Construction-Building-Material.html
EFFECTS UPON THERMAL TEMPERATURE AS A RESULT OF CHOSEN
RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT :
-Initial heat:
ITEM THICKNESS IN THERMAL RESISTANCE RESULT
METERS CONDUCTIVIT M2c/w
Y Wm/C t/k

OUTSIDE AIR / / / 0.128

TRANSMISSIO
N
120 Density 255MM 0.025 0.025/1.5 0.016 0.016
Concrete
PLASTER
20mm cement
25mm cement sand plastering
sand plastering
120 MM 0.12 0.12/1.8 0.066 0.066
OUTDOOR INDOOR CONCRETE

20MM 0.02 0.02/1.5 0.013 0.013

CEMENT
PLASTER

INSIDE AIR / / / 0.123

TRANSMISSIO
N

RT= 0.42 m2C/watt

BEDROOM
Wall length and width= 3*3
Window size =2.0 X 1.2 Wall Area:
Door = 2.1 X1 3*3-(2.0*1.2)= 6.6 m2
Room Height= 3.0 m QCg=U*A*∆T
Wall RT=0.42 m2C/watt QC= 2.4x6.61x8.8 = 139.392 Watt
Glass kg=0.96 W/m C I=QCg/Ag
Door Kd = 0.14 W/m C I=139.392/2.4=58.08 Watt/m2
Door thickness= 0.040m S= 1/R
K marble floor = 2.08 W/Mc =1/0.96= 1.04 m2C/W
Qg= S*I*A
Wall Area: (3+3)*2*3-(2*1.2+2.1*1)= = 1.04X58.08X2.4=144.9 Watt
14.5 m2
T= 8.8 (by calculation) Qroof= U*A* T
Rt= 0.42 m2C/W 2.4*3*3*8.8 = 190.08 WATT
U=1/Rt= 2.4 W/m2C
QC= U*A* T Qfloor=
QC=2.4*14.5*8.8 R= t/k =0.01/2.08
=306.24 Watt =0.005 m2c/W
U=1/R
DOOR: =200 W/m2C
R=t/k= 0.04/0.14=0.02 m 2C/W Qf= U*A* T
U= 1/R= 50 W/m2C =200*(3*3)*8.8 = 15,840 WATT

Qd=U*A* T =50*2.1*8.8 Qs= Q(g)+ Q(roof)+ Q(door)+

=924 WATT Q(floor)
=144.9+190.08 + 924 + 15,840
Glass = 17,098.98 WATT
kg=0.96m2C/Watt
Rg= 0.012/0.96 = 0.0125
S=1/R= 80Watt/m2C
LIVING ROOM Glass
Wall Area:
Wall length and width=4*6 4*3-(2.0*1.2)= 9.6 m2
Window size =2.0 X 1.2 QCg=U*A*∆T
Door = (2.1 X1)*2 QC= 2.4 x9.6x8.8 = 202.75Watt
Room Height= 3.0 m kg=0.96m2C/Watt
Wall RT=0.42 m2C/watt Rg= 0.012/0.96 = 0.0125
Glass kg=0.96 W/m C S=1/R= 80Watt/m2C
Door kd = 0.14 W/m Ck I=QCg/Ag
marble floor = 2.08 W/Mc I=202.752/2.4=84.4Watt/m2
Qg= S*I*A
Wall Area: 2* (4+6*3) -[2*1.2+2*(2.1*1)] = 80X84.4 X2.4=16,204.8 Watt
=23.4 m2
Window Area: 2*1.2=2.4 m2 Q roof: U*A* T
Door Area: (2.1*1)*2= 4.2 m2 2.4* (4*6)*8.8
T= 8.8 =506.88W
Rt= 0.42 m2C/watt
U=2.4 W/m2C Q floor:
QC= U*A* T Rt= t/k =0.01/2.08 =0.005 m2C/W
QC=2.4*23.4*8.8 U= 1/R= 1/0.005=200 m2C
= 494.208 Watt A= 4*6=24 m2
Qcfloor= U*A* T
DOOR: =200*24*8.8= 17,600 Watt
K =0.14 ; R=t/k= 0.04/ 0.14 =0.28 m2C/W
U= 3.5 W/m2C Qs= Q(g)+ Q(roof)+Q(door)+Q(floor)
QC=U*A* T =3.5*4.2*8.8 = 16,204.8+506.88+ 129.36 +
= 129.36 WATT 17,600
= 34,441.04 WATT
STUDY ROOM Glass
Wall Area:
Wall length and width= 3+2 3*3-(2.4+2.1) =4.5 m2
Window size =2.0 X 1.2 QCg=U*A*∆T
Door = 2.1 X1 QC= 2.4x4.5x8.8 = 95.04 Watt
Room Height= 3.0 m kg=0.96m2C/Watt
Wall RT=0.42 m2C/watt Rg= 0.012/0.96 = 0.0125
Glass kg=0.96 W/m C S=1/R= 80Watt/m2C
Door kd = 0.14 W/m Ck I=QCg/Ag
marble floor = 2.08 W/Mc I=95.04/2.4=39.6Watt/m2
Qg= S*I*A
Wall Area: 2(3+2)*3 -(1.2*2)*(2.1*1) = 80X39.6X2.4=7,603.2 Watt
= 24.96 m2
Window Area: 2*1.2=2.4 m2 Q roof: U*A* T
Door Area: : 2.1*1= 2.1 m2 2.4* (3*2)*8.8
T= 8.8 =126.72W
Rt= 0.42 m2C/watt
U=2.4 W/m2C Q floor:
QC= U*A* T Rt= t/k =0.01/2.08 =0.005 m2C/W
QC= 2.4* 24.96 *8.8 = 527.15 watts U= 1/R= 1/0.005=200 m2C
A= 3*2= 6m2
DOOR: Qfloor= U*A* T
K=0.78 ; =200*6*8.8= 10,560 Watt
R=t/k= 0.04/0.78= 0.05 m2C/W
U= 20 w/m2C Qs= Q(g)+ Q(roof)+Q(door)+Q(floor)
QC=U*A* T = 7,603.2 + 126.72 + 369.6 + 10,560
20*2.1*8.8 =18,659.52 WATT
=369.6 WATT
 The thermal conductivity of glass is about 0.96 W/m/°C.
Glass windows are constructed as double pane windows
with a low pressure inert gas layer between the panes,
The calculations are as follows:

INTERNAL HEAT GAIN

To determine heat gain within the one of DeCentrum residences, the steps
and calculations are taken as follows:

Qi = qo+ ql+ qa

Whereby,
qo= People; activities, numbers, time
ql=Lights –rating (watts), heat output, numbers, time
qa = Appliances –electrical, gas, heat, time

qo= n#* h * t: 3000x 225* 12/24= 337,500 watts

ql= n#* r * h * t/24 100x 85x 90 / 100 x 12/24= 3,910 watts
qa = = n#* h * t/24 30 x 175 x 12/24 = 2,625 watts

Therefore, total internal heat gain;

Qi = qo+ ql+ qa= 337,5+ 3910+ 2,625= 9,910 watts One of DeCentrum residences
Master Bedroom: Living room:
The master bedroom consists of:
- 1 computer ( averaging 100 watts ) The living room consists of:
- 2 fluorescent lights ( 21 nos, 22 watts, 20% lighting - LCD TV (120 watts)
efficiency) - 2 fluorescent lights ( 21 nos, 22 watts, 20% lighting
- 2 Adult person ( average human output, 100 watts) efficiency)
- 3 Adult person ( average human output, 100 watts)
qo= n#* h * t Qa = 1 x 120 x 10/24 = 50 watts
2x 100* 10/24= 83.3 watts Qo = 3 x 100 x 7/24 = 87.5 watts
ql= n#* r * h * t/24 Ql = 2 x 21 x 22 x 20/100 x 10/24 = 84.7 watts
21x 22x 20/ 100 x 10/24= 38.5 watts Qi= qo+ql+qa
qa = n#* h * t/24 =222.2 Watts
1 x 100 x 10/24 = 41.6 watts
Qi= qo+ql+qo
=83.3+38.5+41.6
=163.4 Watts

Study Room:
The bedroom consists of:
- 1 Adult person ( average human output, 100 watts)
- 3 fluorescent lights( 21 nos, 22 watts, 20% lighting
efficiency)
- 1 computer (averaging 100 watts)
qa= 1 x 100 x 12/24 = 50 watts
ql= 3 x 21 x 22 x 20/100 x 11/24 = 42.35 watts
qo= 1 x 100 x 12/24 = 50 watts
Qi= qa+ql+qo
=142.35 Watts
• VENT. CALCULATIONS

• BEDROOM

• Qv= 1300 * V *(To -Ti)

• V = Nx room volume/3600
• (1hour =3600seconds)
• Where: N= number of air changes V=
volume of space A= area of window

• V=5*3*3/3600= 0.0125
• QV = 1300 X0.0125X 8.8 = 143 WATT

• STUDY ROOM

• Qv= 1300 * V *(To -Ti)

• V = Nx room volume/3600
• (1hour =3600seconds)
• Where: N= number of air changes V=
volume of space

• V=5*3*2*3/3600= 0.025
• QV = 1300 X0.025X 8.8 =286WATT
LIVING ROOM:

Qv= 1300 * V *(To -Ti)

V = Nx room volume/3600
(1hour =3600seconds)
Where: N= number of air changes V= volume of space A=
area of window
V=5*6*4*3/3600= 0.01
QV = 1300 X 0.01 X 8.8 = 114.4 WATT
EFFECTS UPON THERMAL TEMPERATURE AS A RESULT OF CHOSEN
RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT :
ITEM THICKNESS IN THERMAL RESISTANCE RESULT
-Initial heat: METERS CONDUCTIVITY M2c/w
Wm/C t/k
OUTSIDE / / / 0.128
AIR
TRANSMISSI
ON
255MM 0.025 0.025 0.016 0.016
PLASTER

120 Density 120 MM 0.12 0.12/1.8 0.066 0.066

Concrete CONCRETE
25mm cement
20mm cement
sand plastering 20MM 0.02 0.02/1.5 0.013 0.013
sand plastering
CEMENT
PLASTER
OUTDOOR INDOOR
INSIDE AIR / / / 0.123
TRANSMISSI
ON
LAMINATED 002 002/0.02 1 1
GLASS

120 MM
FIBER GLASS 0.12 0.04 0.12/0.04 3.0

OLD RT= 0.42 m2 C/ watt

NEW RT= 3.42m2 C/watt

BEDROOM
Wall length and width= 3*3
Window size =2.0 X 1.2 Wall Area:
Door = 2.1 X1 3*3-(2.0*1.2)= 6.6 m2
Room Height= 3.0 m QCg=U*A*∆T
Wall RT=3.42 m2C/watt QC= 2.4x6.61x8.8 = 139.392 Watt
Glass kg=0.96 W/m C I=QCg/Ag
Door Kd = 0.14 W/m C I=139.392/2.4=58.08 Watt/m2
Door thickness= 0.040m S= 1/R
K marble floor = 2.08 W/Mc =1/0.96= 1.04 m2C/W
Qg= S*I*A
Wall Area: (3+3)*2*3-(2*1.2+2.1*1)= = 1.04X58.08X2.4=144.9 Watt
14.5 m2
T= 8.8 (by calculation) Qroof= U*A* T
Rt= 3.42 m2C/W 0.29*3*3*8.8 =22.96 WATT
U=1/Rt= 0.29 W/m2C
QC= U*A* T Qfloor=
QC=0.29*14.5*8.8 R= t/k =0.01/2.08
=37.004 Watt =0.005 m2c/W
U=1/R
DOOR: =200 W/m2C
R=t/k= 0.04/0.14=0.02 m 2C/W Qf= U*A* T
U= 1/R= 50 W/m2C =200*(3*3)*8.8 = 15,840 WATT

Qd=U*A* T =50*2.1*8.8 Qs= Q(g)+ Q(roof)+ Q(door)+

=924 WATT Q(floor)
=144.9+22.968+ 924 + 15,840
Glass = 16,901.868 WATT
kg=0.96m2C/Watt
Rg= 0.012/0.96 = 0.0125
S=1/R= 80Watt/m2C
LIVING ROOM Glass
Wall Area:
Wall length and width=4*6 4*3-(2.0*1.2)= 9.6 m2
Window size =2.0 X 1.2 QCg=U*A*∆T
Door = (2.1 X1)*2 QC= 2.4 x9.6x8.8 = 202.75Watt
Room Height= 3.0 m kg=0.96m2C/Watt
Wall RT=3.42 m2C/watt Rg= 0.012/0.96 = 0.0125
Glass kg=0.96 W/m C S=1/R= 80Watt/m2C
Door kd = 0.14 W/m Ck I=QCg/Ag
marble floor = 2.08 W/Mc I=202.752/2.4=84.4Watt/m2
Qg= S*I*A
Wall Area: 2* (4+6*3) -[2*1.2+2*(2.1*1)] = 80X84.4 X2.4=16,204.8 Watt
=23.4 m2
Window Area: 2*1.2=2.4 m2 Q roof: U*A* T
Door Area: (2.1*1)*2= 4.2 m2 0.29* (4*6)*8.8
T= 8.8 =61.24 W
Rt= 0.42 m2C/watt
U=0.29 W/m2C Q floor:
QC= U*A* T Rt= t/k =0.01/2.08 =0.005 m2C/W
QC=0.29*23.4*8.8 U= 1/R= 1/0.005=200 m2C
= 59.7168 Watt A= 4*6=24 m2
Qcfloor= U*A* T
DOOR: =200*24*8.8= 17,600 Watt
K =0.14 ; R=t/k= 0.04/ 0.14 =0.28 m2C/W
U= 3.5 W/m2C Qs= Q(g)+ Q(roof)+Q(door)+Q(floor)
QC=U*A* T =3.5*4.2*8.8 = 16,204.8+61.248+ 129.36 +
= 129.36 WATT 17,600
= 33,995.4 WATT
STUDY ROOM Glass
Wall Area:
Wall length and width= 3+2 3*3-(2.4+2.1) =4.5 m2
Window size =2.0 X 1.2 QCg=U*A*∆T
Door = 2.1 X1 QC= 2.4x4.5x8.8 = 95.04 Watt
Room Height= 3.0 m kg=0.96m2C/Watt
Wall RT=3.42 m2C/watt Rg= 0.012/0.96 = 0.0125
Glass kg=0.96 W/m C S=1/R= 80Watt/m2C
Door kd = 0.14 W/m Ck I=QCg/Ag
marble floor = 2.08 W/Mc I=95.04/2.4=39.6Watt/m2
Qg= S*I*A
Wall Area: 2(3+2)*3 -(1.2*2)*(2.1*1) = 80X39.6X2.4=7,603.2 Watt
= 24.96 m2
Window Area: 2*1.2=2.4 m2 Q roof: U*A* T
Door Area: : 2.1*1= 2.1 m2 0.29* (3*2)*8.8
T= 8.8 =15.3 W
Rt= 3.42 m2C/watt
U=0.29 W/m2C Q floor:
QC= U*A* T Rt= t/k =0.01/2.08 =0.005 m2C/W
QC=0.29* 24.96 *8.8 = 63.6 watts U= 1/R= 1/0.005=200 m2C
A= 3*2= 6m2
DOOR: Qfloor= U*A* T
K=0.78 ; =200*6*8.8= 10,560 Watt
R=t/k= 0.04/0.78= 0.05 m2C/W
U= 20 w/m2C Qs= Q(g)+ Q(roof)+Q(door)+Q(floor)
QC=U*A* T = 7,603.2 + 15.3+ 369.6 + 10,560 =
20*2.1*8.8 18,548.1 WATT
=369.6 WATT
New Qs total reduction percentage

BEDROOM
(17,098.98 - 16,901.868)/ 17,098.98 *100
= 85.19%
LIVING ROOM
(34,441.04 - 33,995.4 ) / 34,441.04 *100
=83.41%
STUDY ROOM
(18,659.52 - 18,548.1 )/ 18,659.52 *100
= 75.82%