Supervised Learning and Optimization Based Algorithm for

Induction Motor Design to Improve Efficiency

Hamid Rizwan
Hamid_rizwan48@hotmail.com
Faculty of Engineering,
Department of Electrical Engineering,
Government College University Lahore.
Abstract: -In this paper a supervised algorithm then I will explain design of
learning based algorithm is proposed to induction motor after that I will explain
optimally design three-phase induction proposed algorithm at the end I will discuss
motor for efficiency improvement. The
results.
designed motor is also judge against an
existing motor with similar ratings. The A. Supervised learning
supervised learning and Optimization is In supervised learning for given (x1 y1)…
used for optimization of objective functions (xn yn) we have to find function f(x) such
namely efficiency is considered. The motor that f(x)=y. supervised learning is based on
design procedure consists of variable classification and regression. In this paper
selection and effect of these variables on we will use regression model.
design of induction motor. The variable with
Suppose y is test response and {x1, x2, x3,
greater effect is weighted with greater value.
x4… xi} are i factors affecting this test, each
Results are given to show the effectiveness
factor has two different levels x1 and x0.
of the proposed design process.
The value of y is determined by an algebraic
Key words- Induction motor, supervised
model in the equation given below:
learning algorithm, Efficiency Improvement Y = w0 + w1x1 +w2x2 + … + wixi + Ɛ ------ (1)
I. INTRODUCTION Where wj = coefficients for j = 1, 2…, i
Induction motor is very famous among signify the weight of factors and their
electrical machines due to its wide use of interactions on the response of the test.
industrial and domestic applications. About 0 = ȳ = 1/ ∑ ---------- (2)
70% of engineering load on a service are Where,
governed by induction motors. Minimal yi = response of the test i
operating costs and to achieve maximum n= total number of tests
efficiency, induction motor can be made The result of a factor xj at the stage x1 can be
better with the help of numerical techniques. determined thus, the coefficient linked with
Many techniques have been developed and this effect can be acknowledged using the
applied fruitfully in IM design in the past. following equations:
As Efficiency of IM is very important factor wj = ewj = yx1 – w0---------- (3)
And,
considering this In this paper we will
propose a supervised learning based 1 = +∑ + -------- (4)
algorithm for design of three phase Where,
induction motor to improve its efficiency. yx1 = response found for test i when xj = x1,
n+ = number of tests when xj = x1
Firstly I will explain supervised learning
ewj = result of coefficient wj.
Once the technique of how to determine the I. Magnetic frame
coefficients of the model and how to sort the The output coefficient (C0) is
confusion between these factors has been C0 = 11 × kW × B × Ҿ × ȵ× PF × 10-3-----
obtained, we can estimate the sum of errors (8)
and therefore the most important factors. Where,
The identification of the significant factors KW = rating power,
can be found by determining the coefficients B = specific loading of magnetic circuit
contribution on the model result from the Ҿ = specific loading for electric circuit
normalization of their values compared to ȵ = efficiency
the sum of squared responses, such as given PF = power factor
in the following equations: Rotor volume = (rotor diameter D)2 × (rotor
Cwj= [SCE (wj)/SCE(y)] % --------- (5) length L)
And it can be calculated as,
With

------- (9)
----------- (6) Where,
ns= synchronous speed (rps)
Flux per pole ᶲ is calculated as,
SCE (wj) = n/s∑ ( )^2--------- (7)

Where
--- (10)
s = number of levels
ewj = effect of coefficient wj
τp = pole pitch
cwj = contribution of the coefficient wj
B. Induction Motor
Induction Motors (IMs) are familiar forms
of AC machines. They are called IMs
because currents pass through their rotors is -------- (11)
induced by alternating currents. The induced
rotor current then produces a magnetic field, II. Stator winding
which is followed by the field generated in The size of slots can be determined by using
the stator. Because of the constantly the equations given below:
reversing poles of AC power, the stator field
rotates and drags or pulls the rotor into a Width of slot (Ws) = [Zw × (Ts + Sins) +
rotating motion. When the voltage increases Wins] ------- (12)
and decreases in the stator, a current is
induced into the rotor. The induced rotor Height of slot (Hs) = [Zh × (Hs + Sins) + Hw
field offer opposition to the field in the + HL + Hins] ----- (13)
stator and rotational motion is produced.
C. Design of Induction Motor Zw = Number of conductors width-wise
The overall design of induction motor is Ts = Strip thickness/conductor
divided into six parts. The steps in the Sins = Thickness of strip insulation
following sub-sections for each part of the Wins = Insulation width-wise
design are discussed in brief.
Zh=height-wise no. of strips/no. conductors Rotor End Rings weight (Weue) = Dme × π ×
in a slot 2 × Ae × 8.9 × 10-6 ------ (20)
Hs = strip height Lb =bar length,
HL = lip height Sr = No. of Rotor Slots,
Hw = height of wedge Ab = rotor bar’s area,
Hins = Insulation height-wise Ae = End ring’s cross sectional area
The weight of copper and losses due to Dme =end-ring’s mean diameter
copper can be found as: IV. Magnetizing current & Total ampere
turns.
Losses due to copper (Pcus) = 3 × Iph2 × Rph- For the magnetizing current (Im), total
----- (14) ampere turns (ATT), no load power factor
(pf0) and the no load phase current (I0) of a
Copper Weight (Wcus) = Lmt × Tph × 3 × As motor we can use following formulas.
× 8.9 × 10-3---- (15)
Where, ATT = ATR + ATS + ATg ------ (21)
Iph = current/phase
Rph = resistance @ 20°C Im = (ATT / 2) × P × 1.17 × kW × Tph--- (22)
Lmt = turn mean length
Tph = turns/phase I0 = sqrt(Iw2 + Im2)----- (23)
As = strip area per conductor
pf0 =Iw / I0------ (24)
The losses due to iron are estimated by
multiplying the co-efficient inferred from Where,
the losses given by the curve in weight per ATS = stator’s total ampere turns,
kilogram as flux density function in (T) by ATR = rotor’s total ampere turns
the weight of core. ATg = air gap
III. Rotor (Squirrel Cage) Iw = Wattful current.
The length of air gap is: V. Current calculation of Short circuit
Formulas for the short circuit current, total
Length of Air Gap (Lag) = 0.2 + 2 × sqrt(D reactance per phase, and short-circuit power
× L × 106) -----(16) factor are as:

The rotor diameter is determined by Total Reactance per phase = X0 +Xs + Xz----
following relation: (25)

Rotor Diameter (Dr) = D − 2 × Lg --- (17) Short Circuit Current =Vph / Z----- (26)
Short Circuit power factor =R / Z---- (27)
Losses due to copper and the rotor weight Where,
can be determined by using following Xs = reactance of slot,
relations: X0 = over-hang reactance
Total Copper Losses in Rotor (Pcr) Xz = zigzag reactance,
= Losses due to copper in the Bars + Losses R = Resistance in ohm
due to copper in the 2 End Rings ------ (18) Z = Impedance in ohm.
Weight of Rotor copper (Wcr) = Ab × Lb× Sr
× 8.9 × 10-6----- (19)
 VI. Parameters of Performance programming problem can be acknowledged
The performance of an induction motor in mathematical expression as follows.
depend upon the parameters ,the efficiency, Find X=(x1, x2… xn) such that
the temperature rise, the starting torque, the Fi(X) is optimal
slip, and the total weight per kilo watt, these gi(x)≤0, I = 1, 2, …..m
are calculated by using formulas given Fi(X) = objective function
below: gi’s = constants
Xi’s = variables
Efficiency (EFF) =kW /( KW + Total Variables:
Losses) ------ (28) Variables considered are given in table 1.
Table No 1
Full Load slip (SFL) = Total Rotor copper Name Description Min Max
loss × Rotor Input × 100 --- (29) Value Value
P Poles 4 6
Starting Torque (Tst) = (Isc/Ir)2 × Full Load SWCD Stator 3 5
slip -------- (30) winding
current
Temperature Rise (Tr) = 0.03 × (Total Stator density
Losses / Total Cooling Area) ------ (31) [A/mm2]
Cdrb current 4 6
Kg/kW =Total Weight / kW ------ (32) density of
Rotor bar
Where, [A/mm2]
Isc = short circuit current Spp Slot/pole/ 3 4
Ir = equivalent rotor current. phase
II. DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF Ts Stator 1 2
INDUCTION MOTOR conductor
A. Design specifications Thickness
Standard design specifications for Motor [mm]
under consideration are: Zw No of 1 2
 Rated power (KW) = 30. Conductors
 Input voltage (V) = 440. w.r.t width
 Frequency (Hz) = 50.
 No. of phases: 3. Objective functions:
 Delta Phase connection. The objective function is the
 Squirrel cage rotor type. Efficiency maximization of Induction
 Class F w.r.t Insulation Motor F(X) = max (EFF)
 Class B w.r.t Temperature rise. Effect of Variables on Efficiency:
 Protection degree: IP55 – IC411. The effect of variables on objective function
 Standard environment is given in the table 2.
 Horizontal shaft Configuration. Contribution of variables on Efficiency (%).
Table 3 shows the contribution of variables
 NEMA class: B.
in optimization of efficiency from table it is
B. Problem formulation
clear that for the efficiency variables Zw,
Variable selection is critical in motor design
Ts, and P are the most considerable factors
optimization. A general nonlinear
with respectively 38% 34% and 13% of xj = Level of activity
contribution on the objective function. Ci = Increase in Fobjective at every level of
activity.
Table No 3 bi = Available resources.
Contrast Efficiency aij = amount of resources consumed at level j
P 13 III. NUMERICAL RESULTS
SWCD 1 The result of applying the optimization is
cdrb 3 shown in table 4.
Spp 4 Table No 4
Ts 34 Parameters efficiency
Zw 38 P 4
SWCD 3
Optimization: Cdrb 4
Optimization is calculated as: Spp 4
Fobjective = ∑Cixj ----- (33) Ts 2
Subject to,
Zw 2
aijxi≤bi
i = 1, 2, 3…..m Existing Motor 89.7
j = 1, 2, 3…..n Optimized Motor 90.1
xi≥0
Where
Fobjective = Measure of overall EEF

Table No. 2
o 2
N Zw cdrb [A/mm ] P SWCD [A/mm2] Spp Ts [mm] Effciency
1 1 4 4 3 3 1 86.09
2 2 4 4 3 4 1 88.98
3 2 6 4 3 3 2 89.4
4 1 6 4 3 4 2 88.46
5 2 4 4 5 3 2 89.3
6 1 4 4 5 4 2 88.69
7 1 6 4 5 3 1 86.34
8 2 6 4 5 4 1 88.33
9 1 4 6 3 3 2 87.73
10 2 4 6 3 4 2 89.34
11 2 6 6 3 3 1 87.29
12 1 6 6 3 4 1 85.96
13 2 4 6 5 3 1 87.38
14 1 4 6 5 4 1 86.49
15 1 6 6 5 3 2 86.78
16 2 6 6 5 4 2 87.99
From the Table 4 it is clear that, the
efficiency of the motor is calculated as the
objective function, we can see that
efficiency of induction motor increased from
89.7 to 90.1 compared to the existing motor.
From these results, we can conclude that
supervised learning and optimization based
algorithm is fit for design of induction motor
and can make booming designs with
improved performances than the existing
motor while fulfilling all conditions of
objective function.
IV. CONCLUSION
This paper investigates the optimal design of
induction motor using supervised learning
and optimization techniques with objective
function maximization of efficiency. It has
been shown that supervised learning and
optimization based algorithms comprise a
feasible and powerful tool for the optimal
design of induction motor for Efficiency
improvement
V. REFERENCES
[1]” For On-site Energy Audit and
Management use An Economical Method
for Induction Motor Field Efficiency
Estimation” T. Phumiphak, C. Chat-uthai
[2] “Efficiency Optimization of Variable
Speed Induction Motor Drive Using Online
Backpropagation” A. H. M. Yatim, W. M.
Utomo
[3] “New Trends in Efficiency Optimization
of Induction Motor Drives” Branko Blanusa
[4] “A Nonlinear Programming Approach
for Optimization of Polyphase Induction
Motor Design:”, R. Ramarathnam, B. G.
Desai,
[5] “Optimum Design of Three Phase
Induction Motor (Squirrel-Cage) for
Efficiency Maximization,” Faiz Jawad,
Sharifian M. B. B.