‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎً‪ -:‬اﻟﺨﻮاص اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺼﺨﺮﻳﺔ‬

‫‪Engineering Properties of Intact Rocks :‬‬

‫وﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻦ‪-:‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬اﻟﺨﻮاص اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺼﺨﺮﻳﺔ و )‪ (٢‬اﻟﺨﻮاص اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺼﺨﺮﻳﺔ‬

‫)أ(‪ -:‬اﻟﺨﻮاص اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺼﺨﺮﻳﺔ‬

‫‪Physical Properties for Intact Rocks :‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺠﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫‪Geological Factors: Rock Type, Grain size and Mineral composition.‬‬

‫ﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺯﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‪-:‬‬

‫‪(1) Density, Specific Gravity, Unit Weight.‬‬
‫‪(2) Porosity, n‬‬
‫‪(3) Void ratio, e‬‬
‫‪(4) Permeability, k‬‬
‫‪(5) Absorption, Abs.‬‬

‫‪1- Density, Specific Gravity & Unit weight.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮزن اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻲ‬

‫‪Weight‬‬ ‫‪gm‬‬
‫= )‪- Density: (ρ‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪, N‬‬
‫‪Volume‬‬ ‫‪cm3 mm3‬‬
‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻭﻡ‪-:‬‬
‫• ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻏﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎﺀ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﺨﺒﺎﺭ ﻤﺩﺭﺝ ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﺍﺌﺩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ }‪{1 mL = 1 cm3‬‬

‫• ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻌﺏ= ﺍﻟﻁﻭل * ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺽ * ﺍﻹﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻷﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﻲ= ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ * ﺍﻹﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ = ‪π r2 *L‬‬

‫د‪ /‬ﻋﺒﺎس ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻔﺎن اﻟﺤﺎرﺛﻲ – ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ و اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻷرض‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ ١‬ﻣﻦ ‪.٢١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر‬
 ‫‪Regular Shapes‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ‬

‫‪Irregular Shape‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ‬

‫‪Volume of Cylinder = Area * L = πr² * L‬‬

‫‪Volume of Cube = X * Y * Z‬‬

‫‪1 L = 103 cm³‬‬

‫)‪- Specific Gravity: (Gs‬‬

‫‪- Unit weight: (γ) = N/mm³,‬‬ ‫‪KN‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪Lb‬‬
‫‪m3‬‬ ‫‪inch3‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻣﻴﺔ ‪2- Porosity:‬‬
‫‪VolumeofVoids Vv‬‬ ‫‪Vv‬‬
‫=‪n‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪TotalVolume‬‬ ‫‪Vt Vs + Vv‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﺎت ‪3- Void Ratio:‬‬
‫‪e = Vv‬‬
‫‪Vs‬‬

‫اﻟﻨﻔﺎذﻳﺔ ‪4- Permeability:‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﻔﺬ أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ‬

‫ﻛﻞ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﺬة ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ‪ ،‬وﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﻞ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻨﻔﺬه‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬وﻗﺖ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺤﺴﺐ ‪ Permeability‬ﺑـ ‪ -١ :‬ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫)‪ e (٢‬ﺒﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ‪:n‬‬ ‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ )‪ n (١‬ﺒﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ‪:e‬‬

‫ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪Vs‬‬
‫‪VV‬‬
‫‪⇒ n (1 + e ) = e‬‬
‫‪e‬‬
‫= ‪n‬‬
‫‪1+ e‬‬ ‫= ‪n‬‬
‫‪Vv‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪VS‬‬
‫‪n + ne = e‬‬ ‫‪V S + VV‬‬ ‫‪VS‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫‪+ V‬‬
‫‪VS‬‬ ‫‪VS‬‬
‫‪n = e − ne‬‬
‫) ‪n = e (1 − n‬‬
‫‪e‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪1+ e‬‬
‫)‪e = n \ (1-n‬‬ ‫)‪n= e \ (1+e‬‬
‫د‪ /‬ﻋﺒﺎس ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻔﺎن اﻟﺤﺎرﺛﻲ – ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ و اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻷرض‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ ٢‬ﻣﻦ ‪.٢١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر‬
 ‫)ب(‪ -:‬اﻟﺨﻮاص اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺼﺨﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫‪Mechanical Properties for Intact Rocks :‬‬
‫‪1- Strength‬‬ ‫‪2- Deformation‬‬

‫‪ (١‬ﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻻﺠﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ‪Strength‬‬

‫‪ ١٫١‬اﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﺸﺪ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺼﺨﺮﻳﺔ ‪1.1 Tensile Strength of Intact Rock:‬‬
‫* ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺩ‬

‫‪σt‬‬

‫‪Point – Load – Test‬‬

‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫‪ Indirect Tests‬ﺗﺠﺎرب ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬

‫‪Brazilian Test‬‬
‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺒﺮازﻳﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ Index Values‬ﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﻌﻴﺎرﻳﺔ‬

‫‪Indirect Test:‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻭﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺘﻴﻥ‬
‫)‪Point-Lead Test (١‬‬
‫)‪Brazilian Test (٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ‪ Index Values‬ﻗﻴﻡ ﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬

‫د‪ /‬ﻋﺒﺎس ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻔﺎن اﻟﺤﺎرﺛﻲ – ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ و اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻷرض‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ ٣‬ﻣﻦ ‪.٢١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر‬
 Tensile Strength, σ t

Point-load test Brazilian test

:Point-Load- Test ‫ و ﻫﻲ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬Tensile Strength ‫• اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻹﻳﺠﺎد‬

P
Is= Point- Load Index =
D2

ISRM: International Society for Rock Mechanics:

‫ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬D ‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﺩﺕ‬
Is(50) = Point-load index for sample of 50 mm Diameter

D Is Is (50)
(mm) (MPa) (MPa)
30 11 9.6
50 9.5 9.5
70 8 9.3

Tensile Strength, σt = (1~5) Is(50) σt = (3) * Is(50) (average)

( ‫ ) ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺨﻁﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬Empirical Relationship ‫ ﺘﺴﻤﻰ‬Is(50) ‫ ﻭ‬σt ‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ‬

Range
σt = (1~5) * Is (50)
σt = 3* Is (50)

.‫ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬-‫ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻷرض‬-‫ ﻋﺒﺎس ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻔﺎن اﻟﺤﺎرﺛﻲ – ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ و اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬/‫د‬
.٢١ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬٤ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر‬
 ‫‪Average‬‬

‫• ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ‪ 1‬اﻟﻰ ‪ 5‬ﻋﻠﻰ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﻗﻮة اﻟﺼﺨﺮ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﻧﻮع اﻟﺼﺨﺮ‬ ‫‪ -٣‬درﺟﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻮﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼ"‪:‬‬
‫)‪1* Is (50‬‬ ‫إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺼﺨﺮ ﻣﺘﺠﻮي ‪Highly Weathered‬‬
‫)‪3* Is (50‬‬ ‫‪Moderately Weathered‬‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﺘﺠﻮي‬
‫)‪5* Is (50‬‬ ‫‪Fresh‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺠﻮي‬
‫وﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬

‫د‪ /‬ﻋﺒﺎس ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻔﺎن اﻟﺤﺎرﺛﻲ – ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ و اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻷرض‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ ٥‬ﻣﻦ ‪.٢١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر‬
 ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪σt‬‬
‫)‪(MPa‬‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫)‪Is (50) (MPa‬‬

‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ )‪ Is (50‬و ‪σt‬‬

‫• اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻹﻳﺠﺎد ‪ Tensile‬و ﻫﻲ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ‪: Brazilian Test‬‬

‫ﺘﻌﺘـﺒﺭ ﺘﺠـﺭﺒﺔ ‪ Brazilian‬ﻨﺘـﻴﺠﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻗﺭﺏ ﻟﻠﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ‬

‫‪ Point Load‬ﻭ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺘﺤﻤﻴل ﺍﻹﺠﻬﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ‪ Point Load Test‬ﻓﻼ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪L‬‬

‫‪D‬‬

‫‪σt = 1* Result of Brazilian test‬‬

‫‪2P‬‬
‫= ‪σt‬‬
‫‪π * L* D‬‬

‫د‪ /‬ﻋﺒﺎس ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻔﺎن اﻟﺤﺎرﺛﻲ – ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ و اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻷرض‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ ٦‬ﻣﻦ ‪.٢١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر‬
 ‫‪ ٢٫١‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺼﺨﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫‪1.2- Compressive Strength, σc‬‬

‫‪Uniaxial Compressive Strength‬‬

‫‪σuc = UCS‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب وﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠـ ‪ Strength‬و ﺗﻌﻴﻦ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﻴﻦ‬
‫‪Two Ways‬‬

‫‪Indirect Tests‬‬ ‫‪Direct Test‬‬

‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﻞ واﻟﺤﻘﻞ‬ ‫)‪ (Laboratory‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ واﻗﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺎ ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺘﻴﻥ ﻭﻫﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻭﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪a) Point Load Test‬‬ ‫‪Uniaxial Compression‬‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ‪:‬‬
‫‪P‬‬
‫=‪Is‬‬ ‫)‪Is (50‬‬ ‫‪Uniaxial Compression Machine‬‬
‫‪D2‬‬

‫)‪UCS = 24 * Is(50‬‬
‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﺠﻬﺎز‪Specification :‬‬
‫‪Cylinder Shape‬‬
‫وﺣﻴﺚ ‪ 24‬ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﺑﻴﻦ ‪10 ~ 40‬‬ ‫)‪D = 54mm (NX- Size‬‬
‫)‪L (2 ~ 2.5‬‬
‫‪D‬‬
‫‪L= 108 mm - 135 mm‬‬

‫‪40‬‬
‫‪24‬‬
‫‪σuc‬‬
‫)‪(MPa‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫)‪Is (50) (MPa‬‬

‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ )‪ Is (50‬و ‪σuc‬‬
‫د‪ /‬ﻋﺒﺎس ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻔﺎن اﻟﺤﺎرﺛﻲ – ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ و اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻷرض‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ ٧‬ﻣﻦ ‪.٢١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر‬
‫‪b) Schmidt Hammer Test‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻟـ ‪Strength‬‬
‫ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﻤﻁﺭﻗﺔ ﺸﻤﺩﺕ‪Schmidt Hammer Test :‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﺕ ﻟﻠﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﺤﺹ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ‪ Concrete‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻨﻭﻋﺎﻥ ﻭﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫‪L-‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﻠﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ ‪ N-Type‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﻭﺭ‬
‫‪Type‬‬
‫• ﻭﻻﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﻨﻅﻴﻑ‬
‫• ﻭﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻭﻕ‬
‫• ﻭﻻﺒﺩ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬
‫• ﻭﻻﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻗﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﻤﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻻﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺼﻠﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺨﺫ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪R= Rebound No.‬‬

‫* ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ‬

‫ﻣﻦ أﻫﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻄﺮﻗﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻧﻮع اﻟﻤﻄﺮﻗﺔ ورﻗﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻻﺗﺠﺎه‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻻﺑﺪ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺻﻠﺐ وﻛﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪ ٥‬ﻗﺮآت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ ﻟﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﺼﺨﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺮﻗﺔ‪ :‬ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ " اﻟﻘﺮاءات" ‪R = 62,59,63,62,43, 61,59,58,60,60,60,76, 62,63,64:‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻐﻲ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﻜﺒﺮى واﻟﺼﻐﺮى‬ ‫‪.. Average = 60.8 = 61‬‬

‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺟﻤﻌﻬﻢ = ‪Average R‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﺪدﻫﻢ‬

‫ﺑﺈﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﺎب ‪ UCS‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﻄﺮﻗﺔ ﺷﻤﺪت‬

‫‪Average = 55‬‬ ‫‪γ= 26 KN/m³‬‬

‫‪ֶ UCS ( For Schmidt hammer test ) = 185 MPa (+ -) 80 MPa‬‬

‫‪UCS = 105 – 265 MPa‬‬

‫د‪ /‬ﻋﺒﺎس ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻔﺎن اﻟﺤﺎرﺛﻲ – ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ و اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻷرض‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ ٨‬ﻣﻦ ‪.٢١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر‬
‫د‪ /‬ﻋﺒﺎس ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻔﺎن اﻟﺤﺎرﺛﻲ – ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ و اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻷرض‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ ٩‬ﻣﻦ ‪.٢١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر‬
 ‫‪ ٣٫١‬ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﻘﺺ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺼﺨﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫‪1.3- Shear Strength of Intact Rock‬‬

‫‪Internal Cohesion, Ci‬‬ ‫و ﺗﺤﺪد ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﺺ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺼﺨﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﺨﺎﺻﻴﺘﻦ ‪ -:‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺎﺳﻚ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‬
‫و زاوﻳﺔ اﻹﺣﺘﻜﺎك اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ‪Internal Friction Angle, φi‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻤﺎﺳﻚ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ‪Cohesion, C‬‬
‫اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺳﻜﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ‪Cohesion less‬‬
‫وﻫﺬه ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ‪C = Zero‬‬

‫وﺗﺠﺮي ﺑﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر ‪Triaxial Compression Test‬‬

‫)‪τ= C + σn * tan (φ‬‬

‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﺺ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺎﺳﻚ‬ ‫)‪C (Cohesion‬‬
‫زاوﻳﺔ اﻹﺣﺘﻜﺎك ﻋﻨﺪ اﻹﻧﻜﺴﺎر‬ ‫)‪φ (Friction Angle‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ‬ ‫) ‪σn ( Normal Stress‬‬

‫‪Shear Strength Parameters for Intact Rocks‬‬

‫‪Ci & φi‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت إﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﻘﺺ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺼﺨﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻷﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﻜﺴﺎﺭ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬

‫) ‪τ = Ci + σ n * Tan(φi‬‬
‫‪Shear Strength Parameters:-‬‬
‫)‪Ci (Internal Cohesion) & φi (Internal Friction Angle‬‬
‫ﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻗﻴﻡ ‪ Shear Strength Parameters‬ﺒﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ‪Triaxial Compression Tests‬‬

‫د‪ /‬ﻋﺒﺎس ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻔﺎن اﻟﺤﺎرﺛﻲ – ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ و اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻷرض‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ ١٠‬ﻣﻦ ‪.٢١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر‬
‫ﻭﻻﺒـﺩ ﻋﻤل ﺨﻤﺱ ﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﻟﺨﻤﺱ ﻋﻴﻨﺎﺕ‪ (٣) -:‬ﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ‪ Triaxial‬ﻭ )‪ (١‬ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ‪Uniaxial‬‬
‫ﻭ)‪ (١‬ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ‪ Tension‬ﻟﻴﺘﻡ ﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ‪ σn‬ﻭ ‪ τ‬ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺭﺴﻤﺔ ﻤﻭﻫﺭ‪Mohr Diagram‬‬
‫ﻹﻴﺠﺎﺩ ‪ Shear Strength Parameters Ci & φi‬ﻭ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺹ‪ τ‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺒﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ‪σn‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﻭ ﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﻗﻴﻡ ‪Ci‬ﻭ‪ φi‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﻤﻭﻫﺭ‬

‫د‪ /‬ﻋﺒﺎس ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻔﺎن اﻟﺤﺎرﺛﻲ – ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ و اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻷرض‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ ١١‬ﻣﻦ ‪.٢١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر‬
 ‫‪ .٢‬ﺘﺸﻭﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫‪2. Deformation of Intact Rock:‬‬

‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻭﻫﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﻭ ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﻻﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪-:‬‬

‫‪Modulus of Elasticity, E‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ‬

‫⇒ ‪Deformation Parameters‬‬

‫‪Poisson’s Ration, ν‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺑﻮﺳﻮن‬

‫‪Deformation Parameters‬‬
‫‪2.1- Modulus of Elasticity, E‬‬
‫‪2.2- Poisson’s Ratio, V‬‬

‫و ﻳﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭ ‪ -٢‬ﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ‪ -٣‬ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕ ‪ -٤‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -- Uniaxial Compression Test with Strain gauge‬اﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻘﻴﺲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻄﻮل و اﻟﻌﺮض‪- Strain gauge :‬‬

‫د‪ /‬ﻋﺒﺎس ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻔﺎن اﻟﺤﺎرﺛﻲ – ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ و اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻷرض‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ ١٢‬ﻣﻦ ‪.٢١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر‬
 ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ‪ E‬و ‪ν‬‬

‫أﻧﻮاع ﺗﺸﻮه ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر‬

‫د‪ /‬ﻋﺒﺎس ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻔﺎن اﻟﺤﺎرﺛﻲ – ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ و اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻷرض‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ ١٣‬ﻣﻦ ‪.٢١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر‬
 ‫‪Type of E‬ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺩﺍﺌﻲ ‪(1) Ei = Initial‬‬
‫ﻋﻜﺱ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺏ ‪(2) Esec = Secant‬‬
‫ﻤﻤﺎﺱ ‪(3) Etang = Tangent‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩل ‪(4) EAV = Average‬‬

‫‪- Type of E -‬‬

‫‪1. Ei‬‬ ‫‪2. Esec‬‬

‫‪3. Etang‬‬ ‫‪4. EAv‬‬

‫د‪ /‬ﻋﺒﺎس ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻔﺎن اﻟﺤﺎرﺛﻲ – ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ و اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻷرض‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ ١٤‬ﻣﻦ ‪.٢١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر‬
 : ‫ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻮاص اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺼﺨﺮﻳﺔ‬-(‫)ج‬
Factors Controlling the Engineering Properties of Intact Rocks: -
Geologic Factors
1. Rock Type 2. Grain Size 3. Mineral Composition
4. Degree of Weathering 5. Porosity and Intensity of fractures
6. Anisotropy
---------------------
Engineering Factors
7. Degree of Saturation, 8. L/D Ratio (1.5 ~ 2.5) 9. Rate of Loading
10. Machine Type 11. End Condition of the samples
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ‬
(1) Rock Type ‫ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﻭﺭ‬
(2) Degree of Weathering ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻭﻴﺔ‬
Deformation
Strength
Increase

Weathering
Weathering Increase
Increase

(3) Grain Size ‫ﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ‬

(4) Mineral Composition ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻲ‬
(5) Porosity and Intensity of fracturing ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻘﻕ‬
Strength
Deformation

Porosity & Fracturing

Porosity &Fracturing

(6) Anisotropy ‫ﺍﻟﻼﺘﻭﺍﻓﻕ‬

(7) Degree of saturation ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺒﻊ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻭﺍﺌل‬
(8) L/D ratio (2 ~ 2.5 ‫)ﺃﺤﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬
(9) Rate of Loading ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
(10) Machine Type ‫ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬
(11) End Condition ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

.‫ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬-‫ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻷرض‬-‫ ﻋﺒﺎس ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻔﺎن اﻟﺤﺎرﺛﻲ – ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ و اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬/‫د‬
.٢١ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬١٥ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر‬
 ‫‪Strength Anisotropy‬‬
‫ﻤﺘﺠﺎﻨﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻲ ‪• Homogenous:‬‬
‫ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﺠﺎﻨﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻲ ‪• Heterogeneous:‬‬
‫ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ‪• Isotropy:‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ‪• Anisotropy:‬‬

‫ﺗﺠﺎﻧﺲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ واﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ و اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت ‪- Homogeneous :‬‬

‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ ‪- Heterogeneous :‬‬
‫ذو اﻟﺨﺎﺻﻴﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة ‪- Isotropy :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ذو اﻟﺨﺎﺻﻴﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة ‪ :‬أي أن ﻗﻴﻢ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺨﻮاص اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ) اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ و اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ( واﺣﺪة ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻫﺎت ‪.‬‬

‫‪- Homogeneous‬‬ ‫‪Isotropy.‬‬

‫‪- Heterogeneous‬‬ ‫‪Anisotropy.‬‬

‫‪ -‬اﻟﺨﺎﺻﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺿﺢ ‪ Anisotropy‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺼﺨﺮﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ ‪ Strength‬و ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ‪. UCS‬‬

‫وﺗﺤﺴﺐ ﻋﺪم اﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬

‫د‪ /‬ﻋﺒﺎس ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻔﺎن اﻟﺤﺎرﺛﻲ – ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ و اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻷرض‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ ١٦‬ﻣﻦ ‪.٢١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر‬
 ‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﻼﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ‪ Anisotropy‬ﻣﻊ ﺟﺪول اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬

‫د‪ /‬ﻋﺒﺎس ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻔﺎن اﻟﺤﺎرﺛﻲ – ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ و اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻷرض‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ‪ ١٧‬ﻣﻦ ‪.٢١‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر‬
 Intact Rock Classification ‫ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ‬-(‫)ﺩ‬

Intact Rock Classification System

Compressive Strength UCS & E UCS & E &υ

( UCS)
‫أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻄﺮق‬

By Equation From Achart

:‫ ﻁﺭﻕ ﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ‬٣ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬

According to STRENGTH ‫ ﺒﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬-١
Uniaxial Compressive strength (UCS) = ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﺃﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭ‬

‫ ﺒﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ‬-٢

According to STRENGTH and MODULUS OF ELASTICITY
Modulus Ratio MR = ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻤل‬

‫ ﺒﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻭﻩ‬-٣

According to STRENGHT and DEFORMABILITY
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ ﺃﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺒﻭﺴﻭﻥ‬
Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS), Modulus of Elasticity,(E) Possion ’s Ratio,(υ)

.‫ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬-‫ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻷرض‬-‫ ﻋﺒﺎس ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻔﺎن اﻟﺤﺎرﺛﻲ – ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ و اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬/‫د‬
.٢١ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬١٨ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر‬
 1- According to Compressive Strength (UCS)

Engineering Classification of intact rock on basis of strength (Deer and Miller, 1966)
Class Description Uniaxial Compressive
Strength (MPa)
A Very high strength >200
B High Strength 110 -220
C Medium Strength 55-110
D Low strength 27.5-55
E Very low strength < 27.5

Example: Limestone, UCS = 120 MPa

The intact rock of limestone is classified as a strong rock according to coates
Classification (1964)

Example: Basalt, UCS = 210 MPa

The intact rock of Basalt is classified as high strength to very high
strength rock according to Deere (1966).

.‫ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬-‫ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻷرض‬-‫ ﻋﺒﺎس ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻔﺎن اﻟﺤﺎرﺛﻲ – ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ و اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬/‫د‬
.٢١ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬١٩ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر‬
2- According to strength and Modulus of Elasticity (UCS & E Values)
By Deere & Miller (1966)
-: ‫ﻭ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﺤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻴﻥ‬
(1) By Equation
E
MR =
ucs

Engineering classification of intact rock on base of modulus ratio.

Class Description Modulus ratio
H High modulus ratio Over 500
M Average (medium) ratio 200-500
L Low modulus ratio Less than 20

(2) From Chart

Example: (Granite) UCS = 150 MPa, E = 60 GPa

E ( Mpa ) 60000
MR = = = 400
ucs( Mpa ) 150
∴ MR = 400 (Medium Ratio)

The intact rock of granite has a medium ratio according to Deere and
Miller classification (1966).

.‫ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬-‫ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻷرض‬-‫ ﻋﺒﺎس ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻔﺎن اﻟﺤﺎرﺛﻲ – ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ و اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬/‫د‬
.٢١ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬٢٠ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر‬
3- According to Strength, Modulus of Elasticity & Poisson’s Ratio (UCS, E &υ values)

By Turk and Dearman (1983)

.‫ﺣﻴﺚ أﻧﻬﺎ أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻄﺮق ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ وﻫﻲ اﻷﻧﺴﺐ ﻻﺣﺘﻮاﺋﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﻼث‬

Example: Diorite, UCS = 180 MPa, E = 60000 MPa, υ = 0.2

E
= 60000MPa = 300000 MPa
V 0.2
-:‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ‬300 GPa ‫ ﻟﺘﻜﻮن‬GPa ‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﺤﻮﻟﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ‬

The intact rock of Diorite is classified as a very strong (VS) and very slightly
deformable (VSD) rock according to Turk and Dearmann classification (1983).

.‫ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬-‫ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻷرض‬-‫ ﻋﺒﺎس ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﻔﺎن اﻟﺤﺎرﺛﻲ – ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ و اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬/‫د‬
.٢١ ‫ ﻣﻦ‬٢١ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﺼﺨﻮر‬