Republic of the Philippines

Iloilo State College of Fisheries

MODULE
in
NSTP

For Classroom Use Only

(Instructor)

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 National Security Concerns

Introduction
Security is a national concern that every Filipino must consider to ensure peaceful
existence of the state. It shall state’s primordial concern as well as to secure its constituents.
Thus, this module will introduce the National Security Concern.

GETTING THERE!
After studying the module, you will be able to:
1. Provide the youth with the basic knowledge on the concept of security;
2. Discuss the history of national security.
3. Identify and explain the types of threats
4. Value the importance of National Security as a way of developing the youth to
be good citizens.

CAPTURE
Read and understand your National Security Concerns and this will provide you with a
good overview of the topic.

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 Course Reader

Concept of Security
CONCEPT OF SECURITY

Based on the following ideas, national security can be understood

According to Leozek Busgynski, ASEAN IV National Security in the Part – Cold War Era, the
absence of threat to territorial integrity, entails the maintenance of a harmonious relationship between
its political systems and values the external environment.

It is condition or state of being where the Filipino peoples’ values, way of life, institutions,
welfare and well – being sovereignty and strategic locations are protected and enhanced.

HISTORY
Commonwealth Act No. 1, also known as the National Defense Act, is the original policy basis
of the national security program of the Republic of the Philippines.

The 1987 Constitution mandates civilian control of the military and establishes the president as
commander in chief of the armed forces. The President also heads the National Security Council,
ostensibly the policy – making and advisory body for matters connected with national defense.
Former President Corazon Aquino reestablished the council in 1986 through an executive order that
provided for a National Security Council director to advise the president on national security matters
and for a National Security Council Secretariat. The council itself is composed of the president and at
least nine others: The Vice President; the AFP chief of staff; National Security Council director; the
Executive Secretary; and the Secretaries of Foreign Affairs, National Defense, Interior and Local
Government, Justice, and Labor and Employment (called minister before 1987). By the end of 1990,
however, the National Security Council had only convened twice.

Responsibility of national security was vested in the Department of National Defense. The
principal functions of the department in 1991 were to defend the stage against internal and external
threats and, through the Philippine National Police, to maintain law and order. The Secretary of
National Defense, by law a civilian, was charge with advising the president on defense matters and
developing defense policy.

In 2002, Philippines President Gloria Macapagal – Arroyo has won crucial backing from her
cabinet and the Congress for the deployment of US soldier in the country as part of the war on
terrorism. The President convened a meeting of the country’s National Security Council during that
time, in a bid to pull wavering officials, including her vice – president into line and smooth over
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differences in her administration over the issue. Arroyo insisted her oppositions to marshal support
for her stance to back a U.S. – led campaign against terrorism, not only to implement unanimous UN
Security Council resolution calling on U.N. members to bring the perpetrators to justice but also the
Philippines’ strategic alliance with the United States and to assist the global campaign to end the
scourge of terrorism.
National Security Advisor (NSA) and Director – General serve as Chief of Staff and adviser for
Special Concerns in National Security to the President. The NSA has a Cabinet rank in the
government. The Chief is Cesar Garcia then.

FUNCTIONS
The NSC’s function is to advise the President with respect to the integration of domestic, foreign, and
military policies relating to the national security. The NSC also serves as the President’s principal arm
for coordinating these policies among various government departments and matters involving the
national security

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Name: ______________________________________ Date: __________________
Course/Year & Section: __________________________ Score: _________________

PRACTICE TASK A

Direction:
A. Read each item carefully, write true if the sentence is correct and write false if the sentence is
incorrect.

_______1. National security in the Philippines does not play an important role in the lives of
Filipino people.
_______2. The President of the Philippines serves as the commander of chief in terms of
emergencies.
_______3. The main function of the Department of National Defense is to defend the state
against internal and external threats and, through the Philippine National Police, to
maintain law and order.
_______4. The President of the Philippines must have at least nine other members that will
compose the National Security of the country.
_______5. President Joseph Ejercito Estrada re-established the council in 1999 through an
executive order.

B. If given a chance to be the overall in – charge of the National Security Council of the country,
what will be your three (3) priority security programs for your countrymen? Explain.

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Name: ______________________________________ Date: __________________
Course/Year & Section: __________________________ Score: _________________

Pre – Test

Direction: Below are the pictures of different threats found in the Philippines. Identify and described
how it affects people and the environment.

1. ______________________________
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2. ______________________________
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3. ______________________________
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4. _____________________________
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5. _____________________________
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6. _____________________________
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 Type of Threats

1. Rebellion or Insurrection – is a refusal of obedience or order. It may, therefore, be seen as

encompassing a range of behaviors from civil disobedience and mass nonviolent resistance,
to violent and organized attempts to destroy an establish authority such s the government.
2. Terrorism – is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion. At present the
international community has been unable to formulate a universally agreed, ;legally binding,
criminal law definition of terrorism. Common definitions of terrorism refer only to those violent
acts which are intended to create fear (terror), are perpetrated for an ideological goal, and
deliberately target or disregard the safety of non – combatants (civilians).
3. Murder – as defined in most countries, is the unlawful killing of another human being with
intent (or malice aforethought), and generally this state of mind distinguishes murder from
other forms of homicide.
4. Kidnapping and Serious Illegal Detention – is the taking away or transportation of a person
against the person’s will, usually to hold the person in false imprisonment, a confinement
without legal authority. This may be done for ransom or in furtherance of another crime, or in
connection with a child custody dispute.
5. Hijacking/ Highway Robbery – is the crime of taking or attempting to take something of value
by force of threat of force and or by putting the victim in fear. In common law, robbery is
defined as taking the property of another, with the intent to permanently deprive the person of
that property, by means of force or fear. Precise definitions of the offence may vary between
jurisdictions. Robbery differs from simple theft in its use of violence and intimidation.
6. Crimes involving destruction – it may apply either as a measurable degree of damage up to
and including a state beyond use or repair, or it may indicate a state wherein such damage is
occurring and continuing. Something ‘being destroyed’ is in a ‘state of destruction.’ e.g. Self –
destructive behaviors, suicide, demolition

These types of security threats could be minimized by having proper citizens’ values, commitment
to support and act positively on issues related to national and concern for a friendly and peaceful
environment.

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Name: ______________________________________ Date: __________________
Course/Year & Section: __________________________ Score: _________________

Practice Task B

Direction: As NSTP Student, share how you can help the community to be peaceful and secured.
Answer in 1 or 2 paragraphs.