SEISMIC EFFECTS ON

STRUCTURES

SUBMITTED BY
ADIL AS
6704
SEISMIC EFFECTS ON STRUCTURES
1 , I N E RT I A F O R C E S

Ground acceleration at the base of structure

Structural vibration due to inertia force

Force generated at the floor mass level

Need to be transferred to ground safely

• When the ground moves, the building is thrown

backwards, and the roof experiences a force, called
inertia force
• The walls or columns are flexible, the motion of
the
roof is different from that of the ground (F=M x a)
• More mass means higher inertia force.Therefore,
lighter buildings sustain the earthquake shaking
better.
SEISMIC EFFECTS ON STRUCTURES
2 , E F F E C T O F D E F O R M AT I O N I N
S T RU C T U R E S
• The inertia force experienced by the roof
is transferred to the ground via the
columns, causing forces in columns.

• The columns undergo relative movement

(u) between their ends

• horizontal displacement u, larger is this

greater the internal force in columns.

• Also, the stiffer the columns are, larger is

this force. these internal forces in the
columns are called stiffness forces.

• the stiffness force in a column is the

column stiffness times the relative
displacement
SEISMIC EFFECTS ON STRUCTURES
3 , H O R I Z O N TA L A N D V E RT I C A L S H A K I N G
Earthquake Motions

◦ Three components
Two Horizontal Longitudinal (X) & Transverse ( Y)
One Vertical (Z)

1. Vertical component

• Add or subtract the gravity effect

• Nor critical to structures
2. Horizontal components

• Inertia force & lateral displacement

• Critical for structures performance
• Need adequate load transfer path
SEISMIC EFFECTS ON STRUCTURES
4 , F L OW O F I N E RT I A F O R C E S TO
F O U N DAT I O N
• The lateral inertia forces are transferred by
the floor slab to the walls or columns, to the
foundations, and finally to the soil system
underneath.

• So, each of these structural elements (floor

slabs, walls, columns, and foundations) and the
connections between them must be designed
to safely transfer these inertia forces through
them