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TITLE OF EXPERIMENT
Mar T. Ilyo1*, Pen C. Il1, FN MI. LN1, …
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Biology Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Don Mariano Marcos
Memorial State University, Bacnotan, La Union, 2515 Philippines,
*E-mail: martilyo@student.dmmmsu.edu.ph

Abstract. The Abstract is an abridged version (maximum of 150 words) of the most important results of
the study. It is a one/two-paragraph part which includes the following: (a) one sentence situation//background
of the study; (b) the objectives/problems of the study; (c) the methodology; and (d) the salient findings
Note: Conclusions and recommendations shall not be included in the abstract.

Keywords: The maximum number of key words is five (5). Pair words/phrases are counted individually

INTRODUCTION Presented data must also be interpreted. This is

Citation format should be in text e.g. Ilyo (2022),
Ilyo et al. (2022), (Ilyo, 2022), (Ilyo et al., 2022).
This part presents the background of the problem. It
is a discussion of the what and why of the study – why
the problem was selected and what are the situations
under which the problem exists. The analysis should
highlight questions, issues, problems, and disturbing
observations as well as identify a gap in the field of
knowledge which the research intends to address. State
in the last paragraph the objectives of the study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This is the boring section. It is a very careful
explanation of your methods, the precise materials you
used, and where you got those materials. List species
names, collecting sites, and suppliers of reagents, along
with an explanation of the experimental design for each
experiment. This allows you and others to repeat your
experiments.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Subheading A
This section involves presentation, analysis, and
interpretation of data.
Data are broken down into component parts and
presented in the proper order and categories. It involves
manipulating and summarizing, choosing from a wide
array of raw data those that are pertinent and relevant
and reducing them to form that are intelligible and
interpretable so that the relationships between the
research problem and their intended answers can be
studied. Research data that have been subjected to
analysis can be presented as text or using tables, graphs,
and other pictorial forms.
Subheading B
done by making inferences relevant to the research
questions and from where generalizations are drawn.
Key in interpretation is finding meanings and drawing
implications.
Interpretation is done while the results are being
presented and analyzed, then drawing relationships and
linking to existing theories.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This portion is just a reiteration of the target
objectives and how the experiment answered the
objectives. Based from the limits and drawn conclusions,
you are expected to create recommendations for future
research endeavors.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This is an optional part of the paper where the
proponents extend their gratitude to people who in one
way or another helped in the development of their paper.
This part should be written formally.
LITERATURE CITED
This portion should follow the guidelines found in the
Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association - 7th Edition. Literature cited should be
written alphabetically. Format to be followed is given:

Surname of Lead Author (2023)