FORMAT OF THE THESIS
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
PROPOSAL
A. Preliminary Pages
1. Title Page
 The title page contains the exact title of the research
paper, the full name of the researcher/s, the name of the
college and the university to which the research paper is
submitted, course title and number, and the semester
and the school year when the student defended a thesis.
 The title of the thesis should be:
Eye catching and thought provoking.
Brief and concise (not more than three lines).
Reflective of the general problem.
Written in an inverted pyramid form.
 The use of starter phrase such as “A Study of…”, “An
Analysis of…”,, etc. should be avoided.
2. Table of Contents
 Indicates the preliminary parts, chapter titles along with
the subdivision of the text, lists of reference and
appendices.
3. Lists of Tables if any
 Should be listed separately from the chapter and section
headings.
4. List of Figures, if any
 Title graphs, pictures, charts, and other illustrative
materials must be included in the lists of figures.
5. List of Appendices, if any
 Materials which are not in the body but are also sources
of relevant information. It may contain the following:
a.Instrument used
b.Letters and other form of communications
c.Sample tables and statistical computations
d.Other pertinent materials.
B. INTRODUCTION
1. Background of the Study (Rationale)
 It presents the nature and origin of the study. It
generally provides an account describing the
circumstances and the rationale behind the selection of
the research problem. In writing the background the
researcher may consider the following:
1. Start by citing a clinching statement (quotation,
words of wisdom, etc.) that will elate the background to the
research problem.
2. Describe the problem situation that prompted the
investigation. Consider global, and local issues whether
applicable.
3. Presents and discuss related literature. Link the
research problem to current situation/ research findings and
existing body of knowledge. Where applicable, presents
historical development situation leading to the occurrence of
the problematic .Cites statistics and authorative sources to
support data.
4. Elucidate the significance of the research to the
stakeholders. The study’s contribution to the existing body of
knowledge and or practitioners in the field should also be
discussed.
2. Statement of the Problem
3. Objectives of the Study
4. Importance of the Study
5. Scope and Delimitations of the Study
6. Definition of Terms
C.
1. The Literature (subhead accordingly e.g. Foreign, Local or
according to Variables)
2. Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
3. Operational Definition of Terms
4. Hypotheses of the Study
D. METHODOLOGY
1. The Research Design
4 Basic Designs:
> Experiments
> Quasi Experiments
> Surveys
> Participant Observation
2. Locale of the Study
 It describes the population and locale of the study from
which the sample was derived. The sampling frame
(tabulation) may be applicable. The researcher should
also do the following:
 Tabulate and describe sample respondents according to
relevant variables.
 Explain why the sample respondents were chosen.
 Specify and discuss the sampling technique used.
 Describe how sample size was determined including
reliability and probability error.
 Computation of the size may be indicated in an
appendix.
3. Respondents of the Study
4. Sampling Procedures
5. Instruments (materials, in experimental)
 Identify the instrument used (questionnaires, interview
schedule, standard tests, etc..). Discuss the dimensions
if any.
 In case of experimental studies, apparatus, devices and
laboratory equipment used should be described.
6. Data Gathering Procedure
 The procedure followed in conducting the study should
be explained in complete detail. The researcher should:
 Explain the steps undertaken during the data gathering
(approval of requests, dates of administration of
questionnaires, interview, observation, etc.).
 Give details of instructions given to assistants if data are
gathered by persons other than the researcher.
 State qualifications of informants in the research if any.
 In case of experiments, this section should include an
description of the specific design used, instruction given
to participants, the formation of groups, the
experimental manipulations, and the control features in
the design.
7. Statistical Treatment of Data
 Present and describe the scale used in the analysis of
data
 Indicate and explain how the statistical tools were used.
 The null hypothesis tested through inferential statistics
should be indicated.
 If the statistical tools (formula) should be indicated
8. Data Analysis
E. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
(NOTE: Headings here will depend on variables used in the
study, and how you will organize the presentation of your
findings.)
F. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Summary
 Indicates a short summary of the statement of the
problem and hypothesis. A brief description of the
methodology should also be included.

2. Conclusions
 Should be brief and general statements based on the
findings of the study
 Contain generalizations in relation to the population.
These are general inferences applicable to a wider and
similar population.
 Flexibility is considered in making of conclusions. It is
must to state conclusions on a one-to-one
correspondence with the problems and the findings as
all variables can be subsumed in one great statement.
 Stated in the present tense.

3. Recommendations
 Should be based on findings
 Should be workable, feasible (doable) and adaptable.
 Be in simple, non-technical language
 Recommend how the findings may be utilized.
 Suggestions for further studies should be specific.

E. OTHERS
1. Bibliography/List of References
2. Appendices
3. Biographical Sketch

Bibliography or Literature Cited

F. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Listing of materials that have helped the researcher
develop his proposal.
 Not all may have been mentioned in the body of the
proposal.
 List of materials that were cited or mentioned in the
proposal.

G. FORMAT
 Depends on institutional policy
 Subdivisions in general:
Author(s)
Title of Work
Publication Data

H. PUBLISHED BOOK
Single Author
Librero, Felix. How to Write a Thesis Proposal.
Third Edition. College, Laguna: UPLB
College of Agriculture, 1996
Two Authors
Ex. Librero, Felix A. and Adela B. Cortez. How to
Write a Thesis Proposal. Third Edition. College, Laguna:
UPLB College of Agriculture, 1996.

UNPUBLISHED RESEARCHES
Guevarra, S.V. An Established Restaurant Chain’s Food
Safety. Unpublished MFSA Thesis. University of the
Philippines, 2000.