Installing Computer JAVA

UI
Systems </>

and Networks
Part 8
UX
Module 2
Week 3 - 5
 Introduction
The internet keeps people in touch with the rest of the world.
Initially, one would only know the stories that the mainstream
media reported. Now, however, people get to learn about
different countries and people across the world directly from the
source. The internet exposes people to the world without filters or
boundaries, allowing them to develop informed opinions. But
have you ever wondered how we connect to the internet?

This module will explain the technicalities on how your laptop,

smartphone or even your television can connect to other devices
across the globe via internet.
 Lessons

01. Basic Concepts and Principles of the Internet

02. Network topologies

 2
CSS
Network
topology
 Network
HTML </>

C++ a group or system of

interconnected people
or things.
 Topology
HTML </>

C++ the way in which

constituent parts are
interrelated or arranged.
 Network topology
is the arrangement with
which computer systems or
network devices are
HTML </> connected to each other.
Topologies may define both
C++ physical and logical aspect
of the network. Both logical
and physical topologies
could be same or different in
a same network.
 Categories of
Network
HTML </>
Topologies
C++
1. Wired connection
2. Wireless connection
1. Wired Connections

internet setup or
topology that uses lan
cables to connect
computers in the
network
 Types of wired network topologies (old)

Point-to-point networks contains exactly two

hosts such as computer, switches or routers,
servers connected back to back using a single
piece of cable. Often, the receiving end of one host
is connected to sending end of the other and vice-
versa
 Types of wired network topologies (old)

In case of Bus topology, all devices share single

communication line or cable.
 Types of wired network topologies (old)

In ring topology, each host machine connects to exactly

two other machines, creating a circular network structure.
When one host tries to communicate or send message to a
host which is not adjacent to it, the data travels through all
intermediate hosts
 Types of wired network topologies (old)

Daisy Chain Topology

This topology connects all the hosts in a linear fashion. Similar
to Ring topology, all hosts are connected to two hosts only,
except the end hosts. Means, if the end hosts in daisy chain
are connected then it represents Ring topology.
 Types of wired network topologies (old)

2 Types
Full mesh
or
Partially Mesh
Mesh Topology
In this type of topology, a host is connected to one or
multiple hosts. This topology has hosts in point-to-point
connection with every other host or may also have hosts
which are in point-to-point connection to few hosts only.
 Types of wired network topologies (New)

Star Topology
All hosts in Star topology are connected to a central
device, known as hub device, using a point-to-point
connection.
 Types of wired network topologies (New)

Note: As in Bus topology, hub acts as single point of failure. If

hub fails, connectivity of all hosts to all other hosts fails.
Every communication between hosts, takes place through
only the hub.Star topology is not expensive as to connect
one more host, only one cable is required and configuration
is simple
 Types of wired network topologies (New)

Hybrid Topology
A network structure whose design contains more than
one topology is said to be hybrid topology. Hybrid topology
inherits merits and demerits of all the incorporating
topologies.
 Types of wired network topologies (New)

Tree Topology
Also known as Hierarchical Topology, this is the
most common form of network topology in use
presently.This topology imitates as extended Star topology
and inherits properties of bus topology.
2. WIRELESS Connections

Wireless means
transmitting signals
using
radio waves as the
medium instead of
wires.
 Issues with Wireless Networks
There are following three major issues with Wireless Networks.

a. Quality of Service (QoS) − One of the primary concerns about wireless data
delivery is that, unlike the Internet through wired services, QoS is inadequate. Lost
packets and atmospheric interference are recurring problems of the wireless
protocols.

a. Security Risk − This is another major issue with a data transfer over a wireless
network. Basic network security mechanisms like the service set identifier (SSID)
and Wireless Equivalency Privacy (WEP); these measures may be adequate for
residences and small businesses, but they are inadequate for the entities that
require stronger security.

a. Reachable Range − Normally, wireless network offers a range of about 100 meters
or less. Range is a function of antenna design and power. Now a days the range of
wireless is extended to tens of miles so this should not be an issue any more.
 Types of wireless network topologies
Point-to-point bridge
As you know, a bridge is used to
connect two networks. A point-
to-point bridge interconnects
two buildings having different
networks
For example, a wireless LAN bridge can
interface with an Ethernet network directly
to a particular access point (as shown in the
following image).
 Types of wireless network topologies

Point-to-multipoint bridge
This topology is used to connect
three or more LANs that may be
located on different floors in a
building or across buildings(as
shown in the following image).
 Types of wireless network topologies

Mesh or ad hoc network

This network is an independent
local area network that is not
connected to a wired
infrastructure and in which all
stations are connected directly
to one another(as shown in the
following image).
 NETWOrk types

This is the protocol being used to

hyper transfer
Networks can be categorized depending
on size, complexity, level of security, or
geographical range. We will discuss some
of the most popular topologies based on
geographical
text spread. transfer hypertext
protocol
documents that makes the World Wide
Web possible.
Network types – a. pan
PAN is the
acronym for Personal
Area Network. PAN is
the interconnection
between devices within
the range of a person’s
private space, typically
within a range of 10
metres.
Network types – a. pan
A person can
connect her laptop,
smart phone, personal
digital assistant and
portable printer in a
network at home. This
network could be fully
Wi-Fi or a combination
of wired and wireless.
Network types – B. Lan
is a wired network
spread over a single site
like an office, building
or manufacturing unit.
LAN is set up to when
team members need to
share software and
hardware resources
with each other but not
with the outside world.
Network types – B. Lan

A LAN may be set

up using wired or
wireless connections. A
LAN that is completely
wireless is called
Wireless LAN or WLAN
 Network types – C. MAN
MAN is the acronym for Metropolitan Area
Network. It is a network spread over a city, college
campus or a small region. MAN is larger than a
LAN and typically spread over several kilometers

The most common

example of MAN is
cable TV network
 Network types – D. WAN
WAN or Wide Area Network is spread over a
country or many countries. WAN is typically a
network of many LANs, MANs and WANs. Network
is set up using wired or
wireless connections,
depending on availability
and reliability.
REVIEW TIME
Let us see if you are into the class discussion
End of module
See you on our Asynchronous class on wednesday