Engineering Materials Definition of Terms

PAES 301: V-belts and Pulleys

1. Machine element used to transmit motion and power between two shafts
2. Wheel with one or more grooved rims used to transmit motion and power by means of one or
more V-belts
3. Power transmission device, consists of one or more V-belts mounted on two or more V-
pulleys
4. Outside diameter of the pulley
5. The diameter of the pulley, which coincides with the belt pitch
6. The region in the belt that keeps the same length when the belt is bent perpendicularly to its
base
7. The length of the belt at the level of its pitch
8. Ratio of the angular velocities of the pulleys making no allowance for slip and creep
9. The linear speed of the belt at the level of the pulley pitch diameter

PAES 302: Flat Belts and Pulleys

1. Belts used to transmit rotary motion and power between two shafts, which lie flat on the face
of its corresponding pulley
2. Wheel having flat or crowned face used to transmit motion and power by means of flat belts
3. Power transmission device used to transmit power and motion between two shafts consisting
of flat belts which ride in flat pulleys
4. Outside diameter of the pulley
5. Stretched-out length of belt
6. Ratio of the angular velocities of the pulleys making no allowance for slip and creep
7. The linear speed of the belt calculated by multiplying the rpm and the diameter of the driver
pulley and to the value of pi

PAES 303: Roller Chains and Sprockets

1. Distance between two adjacent joint members

2. Diameter of the pitch circle that passes through the centers of the link pins as the chain os
wrapped on the sprocket
3. The diameter of a circle tangent to the curve, called as seating curve, at the bottom of the
tooth gap
4. Distance from the bottom of the tooth gap to that of the nearest opposite tooth gap
5. Diameter over the tips of the teeth

PAES 304: Keys and Keyways

1. Prevent relative movement of rotating members and the shafts os spindles to which they are
mounted
2. Keys whose longitudinal sides are parallel with each other
3. Keys with tapered longitudinal section
4. Keys with semi-circular cross-section

PAES 305: Shafts

1. Rotating members, usually of circular cross section used to transmit power or motion.

PAES 306: Spur Gears

 1. Cylindrical gear whose tooth traces are straight lines parallel to the axis. Transmits rotational
motion and power between two axes
2. Each of the projecting parts of a gear which are intended to ensure, by contact with the teeth
of another gear, that one of the other gear turns the other
3. Quotient of the pitch, mm to the number pi
4. Line of intersection of the pitch cylinder by a plane perpendicular to the axis of the gear
5. Radial distance between the addendum circle and the pitch circle
6. The circle that bounds the outer ends of the teeth
7. The radial distance between the dedendum circle and the pitch circle
8. Line of intersection of the dedendum cylinder by a plane perpendicular to the axis of the gear
9. Amount by which the dedendum in a given gear exceeds the addendum of its meshing gear
10. Diameter of the pitch circle
11. Diameter of the addendum circle
12. Diameter of the dedendum circle
13. Radial distance between addendum circle and the dedendum circle
14. Length of the arc of the pitch circle between two consecutive corresponding files
15. Width of the tooth measured along the circular pitch
16. Space between teeth measured along the pitch circle
17. Tooth space minus the tooth thickness
18. Width over a toothed part of a gear, measured along a straight line generator of the reference
cylinder
19. Portion of the surface of a tooth lying between the tip surface and the root surface
20. Angle at the point where the profile cuts the pitch circle
21. Of an involute cylindrical gear, the “base circle” of the involutes forming the tooth profiles
22. Line of intersection of the tooth flank with any defined surface cutting the reference surface
23. Line of intersection of a flank with the reference surface
24. A cylindrical gear of which every usable tooth profile is an arc of an involute to a circle
25. Plane curve described by a point on a straight line

PAES 307: Helical Gears

1. cylindrical gear whose tooth traces are helices, it transmits rotational motion and power
between two parallel axes
2. each of the projecting parts of a gear which is intended to ensure, by contact with the teeth
of another gear, that one gear turns the other
3. quotient of the circular pitch to the number pi, mm
4. quotient of the normal circular pitch and the number pi
5. line of intersection of the pitch cylinder by a plane perpendicular to the axis of the gear
6. radial distance between the addendum circle and the pitch circle
7. circle that bounds the outer ends of the teeth
8. radial distance between the dedendum circle and the pitch circle
9. line of intersection of the dedendum cylinder by a plane perpendicular to the axis of the gear
10. amount by which the dedendum in a given gear exceeds the addendum of its meshing gear
11. diameter of the pitch circle
12. diameter of the addendum circle
13. diameter of the dedendum circle
14. radial distance between the addendum circle and the dedendum circle
15. length of the arc of the pitch circle between two consecutive corresponding points of
adjacent teeth
 16. length of the arc, living between the tooth traces of two consecutive corresponding flanks of a
cylindrical normal helix
17. width of the tooth measured along the circular pitch
18. space between teeth measured along the pitch circle
19. difference between the tooth space and the tooth thickness
20. width over toothed part of the gear
21. portion of the surface of a tooth lying between the tip surface and the root surface
22. pressure angle at the point where the profile cuts the pitch circle
23. pressure angle at a point on a tooth trace
24. curve whose tangents are inclined at a constant angle to the axis of the cylinder
25. in a cylinder on which helix is considered a helix which is perpendicular to that helix
26. acute angle between the tooth trace and the generator of any imaginary cylinder or cone
coaxial with a gear whose tooth trace is under consideration
27. of an involute cylindrical gear, the base circle of the involutes forming the tooth profiles
28. line of intersection of a tooth flank with any defined surface cutting the reference surface
29. line of intersection of a flank with the reference surface
30. cylindrical gear which every usable profile is an arc of an involute to a circle
31. a plane curve described by a point on a straight line

PAES 308: Straight Bevel Gears

1. gears which are used to transmit motion and power to shafts having intersecting axes
2. bevel gears whose teeth are straight but the sides are tapered so that they would intersect
the axis at a common point called the pitch cone apex if extended inward
3. bevel gears having equal numbers of driver and driven gear teeth and operate at axes with
right angles
4. quotient of the pitch to the number pi, mm
5. length of the arc of the pitch circle between two consecutive corresponding profiles which is
measured at the large end of the tooth
6. diameter of the pitch circle at the large end of the tooth
7. angle between elements of the face cone and the pitch cone
8. angle between the elements of the root cone and the pitch cone
9. length of teeth along the cone distance
10. distance from the end of the tooth to the pitch apex
11. angle formed between an element of the pitch cone and the bevel gear axis, it is the half
angle of the pitch cone
12. angle between an element of the back cone and the plane of rotation
13. angle of a cone whose elements are tangent to a sphere containing a trace of the pitch circle
14. the distance along an element of the back cone from apex to the pitch circle
15. the distance from the crossing point of the axes to the registering surface
16. the diameter or/ and lane of rotation surface which is used in locating the gear in the
application assembly.
17. The sharp corner forming the outside diameter
18. Distance from the crown to the rear of the gear
19. Distance along the axis from apex of pitch cone to a locating registering surface on back
20. The angle formed between a tooth element and the axis odf the bevel gear
21. Angle between meshing bevel gear axes: also, the sum of the two pitch angles
22. The between an element of the face cone and its axis
23. The angle between an element of the front cone and a plane of rotation
24. The portion of the bevel gear tooth near the outer end
 25. The portion of the bevel gear tooth near the inner end

PAES 309: Anti-Friction Bearings

1. Designed to support and mount rotating shafts

2. Transfer loads between rotating and stationary members and permit relatively free rotation
with minimum friction.
3. Load or force passing through the axis of rotation
4. Number of revolutions of hours at a given constant speed that 90 percent of an apparently
identical group of bearings will complete or exceed before the first evidence of fatigue
develops
5. Radial load that a ball bearing can withstand for one million revolutions of the inner ring
6. Constant stationary radial load which, if applied to a bearing with rotating inner ring and
stationary outer ring, would give the same life as that which the bearing will attain under the
actual conditions of load and rotation
7. Maximum radial load, which corresponds to a calculated contact stress at the center of the
most heavily, loaded rolling element/raceway contact of bearings
8. Static radial load, which produces a maximum contact stress equal in magnitude to the
maximum contact stress in the actual condition of loading
9. Stress for self-aligning ball
10. Stress for all other ball bearings
11. Stress for all roller bearings

PAES 310: Journal Bearings

1. Designed to support and mount rotating shafts

2. Used in drives where quietness in operation and rigidity s a requirement.
3. Cylinder which surrounds the shaft and is filled with some form of fluid lubricant
4. Part of the rotating shaft, axle, roll or spindle that turns in a bearing
5. A medium that supports the shaft preventing metal to metal contact

PAES 311: Bolts and Nuts

1. Used for fastening materials permanently or semi-permanently.

2. Provides easy assembly and disassembly of a joint
3. A mechanical device specifically to hold, join, or maintain equilibrium of single or multiple
joints
4. An externally threaded fastener designed for insertion through holes in assembled parts, and
partly normally tightened or released by torqueing a nut
5. A block or sleeve having an internal thread designed to assemble with external thread on a
blot, screw, stud or other threaded part.
6. The designation used for the purpose of general identification;
7. Basic major diameter of the thread for external and internal threaded fasteners
8. Distance from the intersection of the largest diameter of the head with the bearing surface to
the extreme end of the fastener, measured parallel to the axis of the fastener
9. Thread which winds in a clockwise and receding direction from the starting end, when viewed
from that end
10. Thread which winds in a counterclockwise and receding direction
11. Specified load that a fastener must withstand without any indication of permanent
deformation after the load is released
12. Distance in mm, measured parallel to the thread axis, between corresponding points on
adjacent thread forms in the same axial plane on the same side of the axis
 13. Diameter of the imaginary cylinder bounding the crest of an external thread or the crest of an
internal thread
14. This diameter is the imaginary cylinder bounding the root of an external thread or the crest of
an internal head
15. Diameter of an imaginary cylinder whose surface passes through the thread profiles

PAES 312: Rivets

1. Used primarily for moderately loaded joints

2. A headed pin of metal used for uniting two or more pieces by passing the shank thorough a
hole in each piece and then by beating or pressing down in the plain end so as to make a
second head
3. Diameter of the shank
4. Length from the underside of the head to the end of the shank
5. Length from the underside of the head to the end of the shank
6. Distance from the periphery of the head to the end of the rivet measured parallel to the axis
of the rivet
7. Type of riveted joint wherein the plates overlap each other and are held together by one
more rows of rivets
8. Type of riveted joint wherein the plates being joined are in the same plane and are joined by
means of a cover plate or butt strap which is riveted to both plates by one or more rows of
rivets
9. Spacing between rivet centers
10. Distance from the edge of the plate to the centerline of the nearest row of rivets
11. Allowance in length of rivet in order to turn over

PAES 313: Screws

1. Used for fastening materials permanently or semi-permanently

2. A mechanical device designed specifically to hold, join or maintain equilibrium of single or
multiple components
3. An externally threaded fastener capable of being inserted into holes in assembled parts, of
mating with performed internal thread or forming its own thread, and of being tightened or
released by torqueing the head
4. The designation used for the purpose of general information;
5. Distance from the intersection of the largest diameter of the head with the bearing surface to
the extreme end of the fastener
6. A thread which winds in a clockwise and receding direction
7. A thread which winds in a counterclockwise and receding direction
8. The distance in mm, measured in parallel to the thread axis, between corresponding points on
adjacent thread forms in the same axial plane on the same side of the axis
9. The specified load which the fastener must withstand without any indication of permanent
deformation after the load is released
10. For a straight thread, this is the diameter of the imaginary cylinder bounding the crest of an
external thread or the root of an internal thread
11. This diameter is the imaginary cylinder bounding the root of an external thread or the crest
of an internal thread
12. This is the diameter of the imaginary cylinder whose surface passes through the thread
profiles

PAES 314: Washers

 1. Used to produce a predetermined pressure on adjacent members where sliding action is
desired
2. Used with screws to add sprint take-up to screw elongation
3. Used with screws and nuts not only to effectively to add spring take-up t the screw elongation
but to increase the frictional resistance under the screw hard or nut face
4. Provides bearing surface for a nut or screw head, covers large clearance holes and distribute
fastener loads over large area, particularly in soft materials such as wood or aluminum

PAES 315: Pins

1. Used as locking device for other fasteners

2. Used for light duty service in the attachment of wheels, levers and similar components to
shafts
3. With and without pin holes, used in connecting mating yolk, fork and eye members in
knuckle-joint assemblies

PAES 316: Metal bars, pipes and tubes

1. Used for components, structural framing and mechanical elements for agricultural machinery
and structures
2. Long, evenly shaped piece of solid material
3. steel bar with lugs or protrusions called deformations
4. diameter equivalent to the diameter of a plain round bar having the same mass per meter
5. long hollow cylinder of specified thickness whose nominal size is approximated by the inside
diameter
6. long hollow product of round or any other cross-section whose size is specified by the outside
dimensions

PAES 317: metal sheets and plates

1. rolled rectangular section of thickness over 0.15mm up to 6.0 mm, with sheared, slit or sawn
edges
2. Galvanized flat or corrugated metal product cut to the standard or specified length and has a
nominal base metal thickness ranging from 0.20 mm to 1.6 mm and a flat width of 760 mm to
1,220 mm
3. hot-rolled product supplied in cut lengths and produced by cutting from a coil rolled on a
continuous mill. it has a width of at least 600mm and a nominal thickness of less than 3mm.
the edges of the sheet may be either trimmed or untrimmed
4. product obtained by hot-dip coating steel sheet coils on a continuous aluminum/zinc coating
line to produce either coated coils or cut lengths
5. rolled rectangular section of thickness greater than 6.0mm either sheared or sawn edges
6. hot-rolled product supplied in cut lengths and produced by cutting from a coil rolled on a
continuous mill. It has a width of at least 600 mm and a nominal thickness of 3 mm minimum.
The edges of the sheet may be either trimmed or untrimmed
7. flat sheet which is intended for general fabricating purposes where it is used as such or for
bending or moderate forming
8. sheet or coil which is intended for lock-seaming and for similar applications and have better
formability than commercial quality
9. sheet or coil which is intended for drawing or sever forming but excluding deep drawing
10. quotient of the load (when the permanent elongation occurs in a tensile test) divided by the
original cross-sectional area
 11. term applied to the changes in physical and mechanical properties of low carbon steel that
occur with the passage of time and adverse effect formability
12. removal of oxygen which causes oxidation of steel

PAES 318: Clutches, coupling and splines

1. used to join lengths of shafting, which must often be sectionized for practicability and
economy in manufacture
2. permits the disengagement of the couples shafts during rotation.
3. used for the transmission of power from shaft to hub
4. designed to reduce coupling shack by slipping during the engagement period. They also serve
as safety devices by slipping when the torque exceeds their maximum rating.
5. produces its torque by virtue of the centrifugal force of weights pressing against the driving or
frictionally driven member
6. designed to transmit torque without slip, jaw clutches are the most common.
7. used when the shafts are virtually collinear and when they remain in a fixed angular relation
with respect to each other
8. essentially a split and bolted sleeve coupling, proportioned to clamp firmly on the shafts
9. commonly used in permanent installations for heavy loads and large sizes and particularly for
vertical drives, as agitators
10. designed to connect shafts which are misaligned either laterally or angularly.
11. The hubs have integral external gear teeth, perhaps crowned, that mesh with internal teeth in
the casing through 360° as in a splined connection.
12. Eliminates the need for large clearances and the resultant noisy backlash by providing a
double-tongued central slider fitting between two flanges slotted at right angles to each other
13. by means of steel pins bolted alternately to one flange and sliding in self-lubricated bronze
bushings, rubber-cushioned in the opposite flange
14. The two opposing hubs are made with integral sprockets over which a double roller chain is
fitted
15. the torque is transmitted through a comparatively soft rubber in compression. It is
recommended where quietness is desired
16. used to connect shafts with much larger values of misalignment than can be tolerated by the
other types of flexible couplings

PAES 319: Engineering Plastics

1. synthetic organic material, including cellulose derivatives, with or without the incorporation
of fillers, binders, pigments, dyes, which is capable of being shaped more or less permanently
by casting or molding under increased temperature and pressures
2. simple unpolymerized form of chemical compound
3. chemical compound with higher molecular weight consisting of a number of structural units
linked together by covalent bonds
4. polymers consisting of more than one monomer
5. non-ionic chemical bond formed by stored electrons
6. substances that melt on heating and are processes in this state by a variety of extension and
molding process
7. substances that cannot be melted and remelted
8. temperature at which the plastic can withstand without incurring a change in its physical
properties
 9. provides high strength and stiffness while offering enhanced dimensional stability and ease of
machining. A semi-crystalline material, acetal also has a low coefficient of friction and good
wear properties-especially in wet environments.
10. preferred for some industrial and commercial applications because of its optical superiority
over molded or extruded acrylic products.
11. also known as nylon is one of the most versatile and widely used thermoplastic materials. Its
physical properties and reasonable price combine to make it a popular choice for numerous
applications. It can replace steel, brass, bronze, aluminum, wood, and rubber, while reducing
noise, using less lubrication, and increasing gear life.
12. an amorphous thermoplastic with excellent dimensional stability and good strength and
stiffness over a wide range of service temperatures
13. noted for its light weight, being less dense than water; it is a polymer of propylene
14. more popularly known as Teflon is based on chain of carbon atoms, the same as all polymers.
15. a thermoplastic that is a polymer of vinyl chloride.

PAES 320 – Wood-based panels

1. shall be used as walls, floors, and ceiling for agricultural structures as well as for machine
structural purposes
2. type of plywood intended for outdoor or marine uses, also known as Type I
3. surface of the plywood showing veneer of higher grade than that of the back side
4. plywood faced with a material other than wood, such as metal or plastic
5. panel made of consolidated ligno-cellulosic fibers with the primary bond derived from their
inherent adhesive properties and/or the addition of resin or other materials
6. consist essentially of an inorganic hydraulic binder or a calcium silicate binder formed by the
chemical reaction of a siliceous material and a calcareous material reinforced by organic fibers
and/or inorganic synthetic fibers
7. type of plywood intended for inside use, having limited moisture resistance
8. side board made up of well machined lumber strips properly dried and glued together
9. plywood made up of face/back veneer, crossboard core veneer and well composed kiln dried
lumber core
10. sheet of plywood
11. board principally made from wood chips and formed by hot press process with adhesive
12. stratum or layer used in referring to the successive layers of veneer in a panel
13. assembled product made of layers of veneers and/or lumber core held together by an
adhesive, the chief characteristics of which is the alternate cross layers, distributing the
longitudinal wood strength