GEN CHEM

CARBON ATOM

-Carbon atoms can bind to each other not only in straight chains, but in complex branching, like the branches of a tree. They can even join
"head-to-tail" to make rings of carbon atoms.

-Carbon atoms can share not only a single electron with another atom to form a single bond, but it can also share two or three electrons,
forming a double or triple bond

-Carbon's ability to form long carbon-to-carbon chains

CARBON COMPOUNDS

-Carbon compounds or organic compound are chemical substances that contain carbon atoms bonded to any other element. Organic
compounds were once defined as any carbon compound formed exclusively by a living organism.

ORGANIC COMPUNDS

- Organic synthesis or stepwise preparation of carbon compounds performed by organic chemist to create synthetic organic chemicals.

HYDROCARBONS

Hydrocarbons are the simplest and most encountered class of organic compounds. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain
carbon and hydrogen only.

2 TYPES OF HYDROCARBONS

ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS

AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons When carbons, in a hydrocarbon are linked to form a long, straight or branched chain, it is classified as chain type.
But when the carbons are linked to form a ring, the hydrocarbon is called cyclic type.

3 TYPES OF ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS

(Alkane(PARAFFINS) 𝑪𝒏𝑯𝟐𝒏+2) - Saturated Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons that have all carbon atoms linked by single bonds

(Alkene (OLEFINS) = 𝑪𝒏𝑯𝟐n) (Alkyne (OLEFINS) 𝑪𝒏𝑯𝟐𝒏−2) - Unsaturated Hydrocarbons those were at least a carboncarbon double or
triple bond is present.

chemical formula: The symbol n refers to the number of carbon atoms.

Aromatic Hydrocarbons contain the structural unit called benzene, a six-carbon ring with three alternating double bonds

- Benzene ring -Condensed benzene ring

Nomenclature The system of naming compounds is referred to as nomenclature. The system adopted was the one recommended by the
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

METH 1
ANE- SINGLE BOND
ETH 2
PROP 3
ENE- DOUBLE BOND
BUT 4
PENT 5 YNE- TRIPLE BOND
HEX 6
HEPT 7 DI-2
OCT 8
NON 9 TRI-3
DEC 10
TETRA -4