ELECTRICAL

AR 222

SUBMITTED BY:
EMMA MARIMEL PANAGUITON BS ARCH C
SUBMITTED TO :
AR. RICHARD DONGUEZ
INTRODUCTION TO
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

The communication system is a system which describes the

information exchange between two points. The process of
transmission and reception of information is called communication.
The major elements of communication are the Transmitter of
information, Channel or medium of communication and the Receiver
of information.

Types Of Communication Systems

Depending on Signal specification or technology, the communication
system is classified as follows:
(1) Analog
Analog technology communicates data as electronic signals of
varying frequency or amplitude. Broadcast and telephone
transmission are common examples of Analog technology.
(2) Digital
In digital technology, the data are generated and processed in two
states: High (represented as 1) and Low (represented as 0). Digital
technology stores and transmits data in the form of 1s and 0s.
Depending on the communication channel, the communication
system is categorized as follows:
1. Wired (Line communication)
Parallel wire communication
Twisted wire communication
Coaxial cable communication
Optical fibre communication
2. Wireless (Space communication)
Ground wave communication
Skywave communication
Space wave communication
Satellite communication

Examples Of Communication Systems

The following are a few examples of communication systems:
1. Internet
2. Public Switched Telephone network
3. Intranet and Extranet
4. Television

Elements Of Communication Systems

The definitions of the terms used in the communication system are
discussed below.
Information
Message or information is the entity that is to be transmitted. It can
be in the form of audio, video, temperature, picture, pressure, etc.
Signal
The single-valued function of time that carries the information. The
information is converted into an electrical form for transmission.
Transducer
A device or an arrangement that converts one form of energy to the
other. An electrical transducer converts physical variables such as
pressure, force, temperature into corresponding electrical signal
variations. Example: Microphone – converts audio signals into
electrical signals. Photodetector – converts light signals into
electrical signals.
Amplifier
The electronic circuit or device that increases the amplitude or the
strength of the transmitted signal is called an amplifier. When the
signal strength becomes less than the required value, amplification
can be done anywhere in between transmitter and receiver. A DC
power source will provide for the amplification.
TELEPHONE , INTERCOM, CABLE
TV AUDIO / VIDEO SYSTEM
PASYSTEM
A telephone is a telecommunications device that permits two or more
users to conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be
easily heard directly. A telephone converts sound, typically and most
efficiently the human voice, into electronic signals that are
transmitted via cables and other communication channels to another
telephone which reproduces the sound to the receiving user. The
term is derived from Greek: τῆλε (tēle, far) and φωνή (phōnē, voice),
together meaning distant voice. A common short form of the term is
phone, which came into use early in the telephone's history

An intercom, also called an intercommunication device,

intercommunicator, or interphone, is a stand-alone voice
communications system for use within a building or small collection
of buildings which functions independently of the public telephone
network. Intercoms are generally mounted permanently in buildings
and vehicles. Intercoms can incorporate connections to public
address loudspeaker systems, walkie talkies, telephones, and other
intercom systems. Some intercom systems incorporate control of
devices such as signal lights and door latches.
Intercoms are used on a wide variety of properties; from houses that
only require one connection between a resident and the property's
entrance to multi-unit apartments that require intercom hardware to
be installed in every individual apartment.

cable television, generally, any system that distributes television

signals by means of coaxial or fibre-optic cables. The term also
includes systems that distribute signals solely via satellite. Cable-
television systems originated in the United States in the late 1940s
and were designed to improve reception of commercial network
broadcasts in remote and hilly areas. During the 1960s they were
introduced in many large metropolitan areas where local television
reception is degraded by the reflection of signals from tall buildings.

An audio-visual system works in sync to produce or emit sound

through speakers while displaying content on screens like video walls.
AV systems are truly all around us, helping to entertain, inform and
enlighten us every day! The most common types of AV systems
include motion pictures, live radio, and television programs,
recordings, and presentations.
A public address system (or PA system) is an electronic system
comprising microphones, amplifiers, loudspeakers, and related
equipment. It increases the apparent volume (loudness) of a human
voice, musical instrument, or other acoustic sound source or
recorded sound or music. PA systems are used in any public venue
that requires that an announcer, performer, etc. be sufficiently
audible at a distance or over a large area. Typical applications include
sports stadiums, public transportation vehicles and facilities, and live
or recorded music venues and events. A PA system may include
multiple microphones or other sound sources, a mixing console to
combine and modify multiple sources, and multiple amplifiers and
loudspeakers for louder volume or wider distribution.

High technology (high tech), also known as advanced technology

(advanced tech) or exotechnology, is technology that is at the cutting
edge: the highest form of technology available. It can be defined as
either the most complex or the newest technology on the market. The
opposite of high tech is low technology, referring to simple, often
traditional or mechanical technology; for example, a slide rule is a
low-tech calculating device. When high tech becomes old, it becomes
low tech, for example vacuum tube electronics.