Topic: Reproduction

1. Reproduction: The biological process by which new individuals of the same species are
produced.
2. Asexual Reproduction: The type of reproduction in which a single individual produces
offspring that are genetically identical to itself.
3. Sexual Reproduction: The type of reproduction in which two individuals produce
offspring that have genetic characteristics from both parents.
4. Gonads: The reproductive organs that produce gametes (sperm and eggs).
5. Testes: The male gonads that produce sperm and the male sex hormone testosterone.
6. Ovaries: The female gonads that produce eggs and the female sex hormones estrogen and
progesterone.
7. Spermatogenesis: The process by which sperm are produced in the testes.
8. Oogenesis: The process by which eggs are produced in the ovaries.
9. Fertilization: The process by which a sperm and an egg fuse to form a zygote, which
develops into a new individual.
10. Menstrual Cycle: The cyclical changes that occur in the female reproductive system,
including the release of an egg, the thickening of the uterine lining, and menstruation.
11. Pregnancy: The period of time during which a fertilized egg develops into a fetus and is
carried in the uterus.
12. Hormonal Control of Reproduction: The complex interplay of hormones that regulates
the reproductive system, including gonadotropins, estrogen, progesterone, and
testosterone.

These are just a few of the topics covered in Class 12 Reproduction. Other topics include birth
control methods, sexually transmitted infections, and reproductive technologies such as in vitro
fertilization (IVF).