RENOVATION OF AUDITORIUM IN NIT CALICUT

First Evaluation Report

CE4099D PROJECT: Part II

Submitted by

ASHWIN P B190283CE
NIMSHAJ N B190569CE
MUHAMMED RABEEH N P B190272CE

Department of Civil Engineering

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CALICUT

1
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled“RENOVATION OFAUDITORIUMIN NITC”

submitted byMr. NIMSHAJ N,Roll No. B190569CE, Mr. ASHWIN P, Roll No. B190283CE, Mr.
MUHAMMED RABEEH N,PRoll No. B190272CE to the National Instituteof Technology Calicut
towards partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award ofthe degree of, Bachelor of
Technology in Civil Engineering,
Is a bonafide record of the work carried out by him under my
supervision and guidance.

Dr. M ABDUL AKBAR

Assistant Professor

Department of Civil Engineering

Dr. SANTOSH G THAMPI

Professor

Head of the Department

Department of Civil Engineering
NIT Calicut
Place: NIT Calicut
Date : 25-02-2023

2
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude towards my parents, friends and everyone
who encouraged and helped me in completion of my seminar report on the topic
“Renovation of Auditorium in NIT Calicut”. I thank civil engineering department, NIT
Calicut for giving me this opportunity

3
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 1

1.1: Objectives .............................................................................................................. 2

1.2: Acoustical Requirments......................................................................................... 2

1.3: General Principles of Design ................................................................................ 2

1.3.1: Seats............................................................................................................ 2

1.3.2: Seating Arrangement ................................................................................. 3

1. 3.3: Seating Dimensions ................................................................................... 3

CHAPTER 2: STUDY AREA AND METHODOLOGY ........................................... 4

2.1: Methodology .................................................................................................... 4

2.2: Work Done .......................................................................................................4

2. 2.1: Reduce Sound Energy Loss ......................................................................... 9

2.3: Rammed Earth Wall........................................................................................11

CHAPTER 3: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .........................................................12

3.1: Quantity Estimation of Ground Floor .............................................................12

3.2: Quantity Estimation of First Floor...................................................................14

CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION.....................................................16

5.1: References .....................................................................................................17

4
 TABLE OF FIGURES AND TABLES

Figures

FIGURE 1: AutoCAD Plan of existing

auditorium ............................................................................................... 4 FIGURE 2: Top view of 3D

plan .................................................................................................................................................. 5 FIGURE 3: Front

view of existing Auditorium.................................................................................................. 5

FIGURE 4: Maximum ..................................................................................................................................6

FIGURE 5: Top view of proposed auditorium .............................................................................................................................7

FIGURE 6: Section view of proposed auditorium........................................................................................................................7

FIGURE 7: Section view of renewed plan....................................................................................................................................8

FIGURE 8: Top view of first floor ...................................................................................................................8

FIGURE 9: Absorptive Rear Wall ................................................................................................................... 9

FIGURE 10: Absorptive Rear Wall .............................................................................................................................................. 10

0
FIGURE 11: Rammed Earth wall ................................................................................................................................................. 1

Tables

TABLE 1: QUANTITY ESTIMATION OF GROUND FLOOR............................................................................................................... 12

TABLE 2: QUANTITY ESTIMATION OF FIRST FLOOR..................................................................................................................... 14

5
 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
An auditorium is a room built to enable an audience to hear and watch performances such
as theatres. auditorium, the part of a public building where an audience sits, as distinct
from the stage, the area on which the performance or other object of the audience’s
attention is presented. A sloping floor allows the seats to be arranged to give a clear view
of the stage. The walls and ceiling usually contain concealed light and sound equipment
and air extracts or inlets and may be highly decorated.
Auditorium spaces are designed to accommodate large audiences. As such, they tend to
have wide spans and are multiple-stories high in order to accommodate seating,
sightlines, and acoustical requirements. Raised stage/dais floors and special lighting
equipment are often required as well. Functions and operations
Fixed Seats: Typically, fixed seats with tilting upholstered seat and back, integral arm and
tablet arm are provided with articulated back for maximum occupant passage space
between rows. The seats may be fully upholstered, or wood contoured outer back and seat
shells with wood armrests with tablet arm option and aisle light option at row ends.
Special Lighting: Dramatic lighting systems include front lighting, foot lighting,
spotlights, follow spotlights, beam lights, and flood lights, and a projection room/booth
with manual and programmable lighting controls, and space for the spot light operator.
Lighting systems should be flexible to accommodate various performance venues (e.g.,
lectures, plays, musical performances, etc.) in the Auditorium.
Special Acoustical Design: Quality acoustical characteristics are important in Auditorium
spaces so that performances and presentations can be clearly heard and understood.
Materials and Finishes: Use materials and finishes that meet sustainability requirements
for Low or No-VOC as well as durability and low maintenance.
Coordinate maintenance.

6
1.1 OBJECTIVES:

• To increase the capacity of auditorium to accommodate an audience of

1300 members
• To arrange seats that give better visibility to the audience.
• To redesign the roof and rear wall so that to produce beneficial
reflections of sound and maximum sound efficiency
• To use eco-friendly material to reduce temperature inside the auditorium

1.2 ACOUSTICAL REQUIREMENTS

• Halls Used for Speech -The clarity of speech is most important in this case.
Optimum clarity depends on:
1. correct reverberation time,
2. absence of echo,
3. correct loudness level at all parts of hall.
• Halls for music - Adequate reverberation is important to lend proper blending and
fullness of music. The reverberation time is required to be higher than for halls meant
for speech only.
• General Purpose Halls Used for Both speech and music- The reverberation time
should be in-between that provided for in halls for music and speech.

1.3 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

1.3.1. Seats:
Seats should be staggered sideways in relation to those in front so that a
listener in any row is not looking directly over the head of- the person in
front of him. This is particularly important for halls where the audience
provides a major part of the required sound absorption

7
1.3.2 Seating arrangement:
Seating arrangements in an auditorium seating layout (or assembly

space) will either be identified as “multiple-aisle” or “continental.

1.3.3 Seating Dimensions:

The average seat width has grown from 450 mm to 650 mm, a grow of
12.7% that is related to a growing human size as “Theatre Projects
Consultants”.
• Volume of space for one person is 3.5 to 5 per m³
• Aisle width 1.2 m
• Chair sizes 0.5m x 0.5m

8
 CHAPTER2: STUDY AREA &METHODOLOGY

3.1 METHODOLOGY

• Existing auditoriumhave been visited and taken

the measurements
using tap.

• Drawn an AutoCAD plan of the existing auditorium.

• Using that AutoCAD plan a 3D model of the existing auditorium is
build using Revit.

• Redesigned the auditorium plan according to the acoustic proper

ties.

• 3D model of the renewed plan

is drawn usingSketchUp software
• Details of measurement and calculation of quantity are done for the
ground floor and the first floor.

3.2 WORK DONE:

We have visited our auditorium and taken the measurement of all dimensions
of auditorium using tap. And drawn the plan of existing auditorium using AutoCAD.
Here is the AutoCAD drawing of the plan.

Fig.1 AutoCAD plan of existing auditorium

9
 And we have also constructed the 3D model of the existing auditorium using Revit
2023 Here is the 3D plan

Fig.2 : top view of 3D plan

Fig.3 : front view of existing auditorium

From our existing auditorium we get the data’s below
• First row should be kept 110° from both end of the stage
• Auditorium is in the standard width to length ratio 2:1 i.e., width of
existing auditorium is
45.7m and the length is 22m and the ratio is 45:22 is approximately 2:1.

10
 Fig.4
• Length of stage is 8.7m.
• Inside dimensions of auditorium are 35.5m and 17.4m.
• So, first row will be x= ((17.4/2)/tan (55°)). i.e., x = 6.09 m
from the stage according to standards.
• Seating can be done in a length of 29.41 m inside at a
standard aisle width of 1.2m. we can arrange up to 24 rows.
And at a width of 14.4m (reducing 1m from each side for
audience to enter and 1m at the middle of auditorium) at
standard chair size of 0.5x0.5. we can arrange up to 28
columns.
• So now we have an intake capacity of 672 person at a time.

We have increased the existing plan of auditorium to available size to the

surrounding space of auditorium and we are available of 16m to the back
of auditorium, but we cannot increase 16m because according to standard
auditorium size we need width to length is in the ratio 2:1. So we need to
add 8m to the length and We have only 6m available (3m from both
sides) to the length of auditorium. So, we can increase the width up to
12m at backside. So, by adding 12m to 45.7m and 6m to 20m we have
drawn the proposed plan of auditorium in AutoCAD. Here is the top
view of extended plan of auditorium,

11
12
13
• So, we can arrange seats like steps at a depth of 0.15m, each steps contains 2
rows of seats.
• So, 20 steps will be there for 40 rows of seats. First row will be at a height of
0.15m from ground floor and last row will be at a height of 3m from ground
floor.
Section view of renewed plan usingSketchup is shown below

Fig.7 : Section view of renewed plan

Fig.8 : top view ofground floor

14
2.2.1 REDUCE SOUND ENERGY LOSS
• There should be adequate loudness in every part of the auditorium,
particularly the remote seats
• The auditorium should be shaped so that the audience is as close to the sound
source as possible, thereby reducing the distance sound
the must travel.
• Sound energy within the room must be diffused. That is, there must be a
uniform distribution of sound.
• Best methods to provide diffusion:
• Providing surface irregularities.
• A random or alternating application of absorptive and reflective
materials.
• Providing acoustical diffusers.
Here we are planning to give a slight bend to ceiling for getting maximum sound
efficiency at the audience. Tilted rear wall produces beneficial reflections. Sound
waves will be directly reflected to the audience.

Fig.9
• And absorptive rear wall eliminates echo. So, we need to use a
random or alternating application of absorptive and reflective materials.

15
 Fig.10
So here we are proposing the rammed wall for the auditorium. For that we approached
Coearth Foundation located in Pantheerankavu Kozhikode.

Fig.11. RammedEarth Wall

16
2.3 Rammed Earth Wall
Rammed earth walls are known for their durability and longevity. Rammed earth
walls have excellent acoustic properties, making them a good choice for use in a
space like an auditorium where sound quality is important.The density and thickness
of rammed earth walls can help to absorb and reflect sound waves, reducing echo and
improving the overall acoustics of the space.

They have a high thermal mass, which can help to regulate indoor temperatures and
reduce energy consumption for heating and cooling. Rammed earth walls are also
resistant to fire, pests, and weathering, making them a long-lasting and
lowmaintenance option for building construction.

The durability of rammed earth walls depends on several factors such as the quality of
soil, the quality of construction, and the environmental conditions. Properly
constructed rammed earth walls have been known to last for centuries and can
withstand extreme weather conditions, including earthquakes.

The strength and durability of rammed earth walls come from the natural properties of
the soil used, which typically consists of a mixture of sand, silt, clay, and sometimes
gravel. When this soil is compacted and compressed, it creates a dense, solid wall that
is resistant to moisture, fire, and pests. The amount of sound absorption that a
rammed earth wall provides depends on a variety of factors, such as its thickness,
density, and surface finish.

Modern construction techniques have improved the durability and stability of rammed
earth walls by incorporating reinforcement materials, such as steel or bamboo, into the
mixture. Additionally, coatings and sealants can be applied to the surface of the wall
to protect it from moisture and weathering.

According to some research, rammed earth walls with a thickness of 12 to 16 inches

(30 to 40 centimetres) can provide sound absorption coefficients of around 0.35 to
0.50, which is similar to or better than many other commonly used building materials
such as concrete, brick, and drywall.

17
CHAPTER 3: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

18
 Table 1: Quantity estimation of ground floor
• Earthwork in excavation in foundation = 179.136 cu.m
• Lime concrete in foundation = 59.712 cu.m
• I s t class brickwork in lime mortar in foundation and plinth =135.353 cu.m
• 2.5cm Damp proof course(D.P.C.) cc.1: 11⁄2: 3 = 92.8 sq.m
• First class Brickwork in lime mortar for superstructure = 439.032cu.m
• Sand filling = 1283.13 cu.m
• flooring = 1420.36 sq.m
• 12mm plaster of cement sand 1:6 inside = 1614.2 sq.m
• White washing 3 coats (inside) = 1614.2 sq.m
• Colourwashing 2 coats over one coat of white washing (outside above G.L) =1082.52
sq.m

19
20
 Table 2: Quantity estimation of first floor
• First class Brickwork in lime mortar for superstructure = 207.417 cu.m
• RCC Work = 213.054 cu.m
• 12mm plaster of cement sand 1:6 inside = 220.535 sq.m
• White washing 3 coats (inside) = 170.815 sq.m
• Colourwashing 2 coats over one coat of white washing (outside above G.L) = 139.315
sq.m

21
 CHAPTER 4: SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS

•
A rammed wall contains soil, lime, sand, etc. that are eco-friendly in nature.
• Rammed earth walls with a thickness of 12 to 16 inches (30 to 40
centimetres) can provide sound absorption coefficients of around 0.35
to 0.50, which is similar to or better than many other commonly used
building materials such as concrete, brick, and drywall.
• Using this mud wall instead of plastering will control the temperature inside
the auditorium.

• According to the plastering and painting of the wall, it is very inexpensive.

• By increasing the length to 6 metres (3 metres from both sides) and

width to 12 meters, we get 1320 seats in the proposed auditorium.
The existing auditorium has 672 seats, so we get 648 additional seats.
• By arranging the seats in steps, the audience will get a better view of the
stage.
• Tilted rear wall produces beneficial reflections.
• Using rammed walls saves the environment. So, the use of a rammed
wall and a tilted rear wall will give better sound quality for the
audience.

• Rammed walls can be used as an alternative to plastering and

painting. so that the cost can be reduced to the maximum while
plastering and painting.

22
• The use of rammed walls reduces temperature because they are made of
eco-friendly materials such as soil, sand, and lime .

23
 REFERENCES

1. IS 2526-1963 (Reaffirmed 2010). Scope code of praci1cb for Acoustical design

of auditoriums And conference halls
2. Kumar, J. & Mahua, Mukherjee. (2009). Scope of Building Information
Modeling (BIM) in India. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology
Review.
3. “Design of Residential Apartment Building by using Struds”, International
journal of scientific engineering and technology research, ISSN 2319-8885
Vol.04, Issue.33, August2015, Pages: 6724- 6725.

4. H. Yan and P. Demian. “Benefits and barriers of Building Information

Modeling”. 12th International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building
Engineering, Beijing (2008).
5. Michael Graves (September 1, 2012). "Architecture and the Lost Art of
Drawing". The New York Times. AutoCAD and Revit. via interconnected
databases.
6. Holzer Dominic; Royal Melbourne Institute ofTechnology, "ARE YOU
TALKING TO
ME? WHY BIM ALONE IS NOT THE ANSWER", Association of
Architecture Schools Australasia Conference 2007, URL http://
hdl.handle.net/2100/476, (Accessed on October 5, 2007).
7. Indian Standard: 456-2000 Plain and Reinforced concrete- Code of Practice. IS:
456 (Fourth Revision),

Approved:
Signature of Supervisor: ...............................

Name of Supervisor: ......................................

24
25