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PRESBYTERIAN HIGH SCHOOL

SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
MARKSCHEME
Subject: Biology Test: Term 1 WA Setter : Mrs Choy HP Year : 2022 Level : Sec 4 Exp
Q/ Scoring Points Sub Total
N Total

Section A (5 MARKS)

1C 1 ea 5
2A
3A
4D
5B

Section B (20 MARKS)

6a A reflex action is an immediate/automatic response to a 1 1

specific stimulus without conscious control.

6b 1. Touch/Pain receptors in the skin are stimulated by the pin 1 4

prick. 2. Nerve impulses are produced which travels along the
sensory neurone to the spinal cord
3. In the spinal cord, nerve impulses are transmitted across a 1
synapse to the relay neurone, then across another synapse
to the motor neurone
4. At the same time, nerve impulses are transmitted to the brain 1
via another relay neurone. This results in the feeling of pain. 5.
1
The motor neurone transmit nerve impulses to the effector. 6.
1
The effector, which are hand/finger muscles, contract resulting
(max4)
in the withdrawal of the finger from the pin.

7a (i) Y 1m 3
(ii) X each
(iii) Z

7b It does not contain blood cells or proteins as they are too large 1 2
be filtered/forced through at the glomerulus.
It does not contain glucose as glucose is selectively reabsorbed 1
into the blood at the proximal convoluted tubules. (R: into the
body)

7c Proteins are digested to amino acids and any excess amino acids 1 3
are deaminated to urea; 1
which has to be removed through dialysis
(A: any reasonable explanation to how it affects dialysis / 1
patient). Carbohydrates are digested to glucose and any excess
is stored as glycogen / converted to glycogen in liver, thus not
affecting kidney function
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8 1. Hair – hair erector muscle contracts to trap a layer of air as ½, ½ 2

a a insulator of heat
2. Blood capillaries –vasoconstriction occurs, less blood flows ½, ½
to the blood capillaries to reduce heat loss by radiation

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8bi When there is a stimulus resulting from a change in the internal 1 2
environment, the body will response with a corrective mechanism; 1
that restore the system back to its original state (negative
feedback).

8bii temperature receptor detect the increase of surrounding 1 3

temperature and send it to hypothalamus Or
hypothalamus detect the increase of blood temperature,
hypothalamus as the coordinator will send the impulses to 1
various effectors or named effector (muscles of the arteriole/
hair erector muscles/ sweat gland)
vasodilation/ hair erector muscle relax/ sweat gland more active 1

Section C (10 MARKS)

9 53.8ml/kg/day 1 1
a

9 bar chart with space between the bars 1 3

b correct data (acceptable for positive values) 1
legend for kangaroo rat and lab rat 1

9c The kangaroo rat has adapted to living in a dry arid environment 1 3

by losing less water to the surroundings through evaporation,
urine and feces.

Water loss is less through evaporation – 44ml of water per kg

body weight per day for the kangaroo rat, which is lesser than 1
that of the laboratory rat – 77ml of water per kg body weight per
day (+ comparison of data)

Water loss through feces/urine is also less for the kangaroo rat 1
as compared to the laboratory rat + data
1
This maintains the amount of water that is inside the kangaroo rat
via homeostasis.
1
The kangaroo rat need not consume much water, which is a
scarce resource in an arid, dry habitat. (max
3)
9 when the water potential in blood is lower, more ADH is secreted 1 3
d and increased the permeability of the wall of the collecting tubule; 1
more water will be reabsorbed back into the blood stream/capillary; 1
less water loss in the urine

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