Decimals

BUSINESS
MATHEMATICS
Zoe Regina C. Castro

Let’s begin with a PRAYER
Business Math, Eighth Edition © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ
Cleaves/Hobbs 07458 All Rights Reserved
Do you still remember?
◼ What is fraction?
◼ Operation of fractions
◼ Answer Keys
3.1 Decimals and
the Place Value System
◼ Read and write decimals
◼ Round decimals
1.2345 rounded to the nearest tenth is 1.2
3.1.1 Read and Write
Decimals
◼ Our money system, based on the dollar,

uses the decimal system.
◼ Moving one place from right to left increases

the value ten times.
◼ Moving one place from left to right, causes

the value of the digit to become ten times
smaller.
How much is 0.1?
◼ It is one part of a 10-
part whole.
◼ 0.1 is read “one tenth”
If this chart
represented a dollar,
the white segment
would be equal to
$0.10.
The decimal point
◼ Separates the whole number part from the

decimal part, as the number extends from
left to right.
◼ 26.8 is read twenty six and eight tenths

or 26 point 8.
Place value names
◼ The first place to the right of the decimal

point is tenths. (0.1)
◼ Second place is hundredths. (0.01)
◼ Third place is thousandths. (0.001)
◼ Fourth place is ten-thousandths. (0.0001)
and so on.
How to read or write a decimal
◼ 4.15 Four and fifteen hundredths

◼ 9.067 Nine and sixty-seven thousandths.
◼ 5.5 Five and five tenths.
Read the whole number part first, saying

“and” to indicate the beginning of the
decimal part of the number.
Reading decimals as
money amounts
◼ When reading numbers that represent

money amounts, read whole numbers as
dollars.
◼ Decimal amounts are read as “cents.”
◼ $46.57 is read “forty–six dollars and fifty-

seven cents.”
3.1.2 Round to a Specific
Decimal Place
1. Find the digit in the specified place.
2. Look at the next digit to the right.

 If this digit is less than 5, eliminate it and
all digits to its right.
 If the digit is 5 or more, add 1 to the digit

in the specified place, and eliminate all
digits to its right.
Try these examples
Round to the nearest tenth
◼ 12.456
◼ 12.5
◼ 31,343.387
◼ 31,343.4
◼ 346.2778
◼ 346.3
3.2 Operations with Decimals
◼ Add and subtract decimals

◼ Multiply decimals
◼ Divide decimals
4.685 + 6.8 = ?
Add and subtract decimals
◼ Write the numbers in a vertical column, aligning
digits according to their places.
◼ Attach extra zeros to the right end of each

number so each number has the same quantity
of digits.
◼ Add or subtract as though the numbers are

whole numbers.
◼ Place the decimal point in the sum or difference

to align with the decimal point in the respective
operation.
Be orderly to avoid mistakes
3. 4 7
- . 2 9
3. 1 8
Add zeros where necessary
.7 8 0
- .0 9 2
= .6 8 8
Try these examples.
(Without using your calculator)
◼ 6.485 + 1.4 + 0.8 + 11.999 =

◼ 20.684
◼ 10.008 – 7.6 =
◼ 2.408
◼ .976 - .04217 =
◼ .93383
3.2.2 Multiply Decimals
◼ Multiply the decimal numbers as though they are
whole numbers.
◼ Count the digits in the decimal parts of both
decimal numbers.
◼ Place the decimal point in the product so that
there are as many digits in its decimal part as
there are digits you counted in the previous step.
◼ If necessary, attach zeros to the left end of the
product to place the decimal point accurately.
Look at this example.
3.45 x 4.082 =
◼ How many places are there to the right of the
decimal point?
◼ Five; so, the answer will have five places to the
right of the decimal.
◼ The answer is 14.08290
◼ The last zero can be dropped and the answer
would be 14.0829.
Try these examples
◼ 1.7 x .08 =
◼ 0.136
◼ 4.67 x 5.004 =
◼ 23.36868
◼ .01 x 1.001=
◼ 0.01001
3.2.3 Divide Decimals
Divide a decimal by a whole number:
◼ Place a decimal point for the quotient

directly above the decimal point in the
dividend.
◼ Divide as though the decimal points are
whole numbers.
8.4 divided by 3 = ?
Try these examples
◼ 12.4 ÷ 6 =
◼ 2.06 (repeating)
◼ 36.5 ÷ 2 =
◼ 18.25
◼ 192.45 ÷ 50 =
◼ 3.849
Try this word problem
◼ Jill wants to buy a bottle of detergent. If a 100-

ounce bottle costs $6.49 and a 50-ounce bottle
costs $3.99, which would be the better buy on a
cost per ounce basis? What are those
amounts?
Answer: The 50-ounce bottle has a cost of

.0798 per ounce while the 100-ounce bottle has
a cost of .0649 per ounce. The bigger bottle is
a better buy.
Divide by a decimal
◼ Change the divisor to a whole number by
moving the decimal point to the right, counting
the places as you go.
◼ Use a caret ( ^ ) to show the new position of the
decimal point.
◼ Move the decimal point in the dividend to the
right as many places as you moved the divisor.
◼ Place the decimal point for the quotient directly
above the new decimal point for the dividend.
◼ Divide as you would divide a whole number.
Try these examples
Without using your calculator)
◼ 12.3 ÷ .06 =
◼ 205
◼ 15 ÷ .004 =
◼ 3,750
◼ 20.765 ÷ .08 =
◼ 259.5625
Try these word problems
◼ Seth Parker has an hourly rate of $12.27
and his gross weekly pay was $441.72.
How many hours did he work?
◼ 36 hours
◼ Amber Sellnow has an hourly rate of $8.75

per hour and her gross weekly pay was
$245.00. How many hours did she work last
week?
◼ 28 hours
3.3 Decimal and Fraction
Conversions
◼ Convert a decimal to a fraction.
◼ Convert a fraction to a decimal.
1/2 = 50%
25% = 1/4
Convert a decimal to a fraction
◼ Find the denominator: write 1 followed by

as many zeros as there are places to the
right of the decimal point.
◼ Find the numerator: use the digits without
the decimal point.
◼ Reduce to lowest terms and/or write as a
whole or mixed number.
Here’s an example
◼ Write 0.8 as a fraction
◼ “8” becomes the numerator.
◼ There is one place to the right of the decimal
point: 1 + 0 = 10.
◼ “10” becomes the denominator.
◼ 0.8 = 8/10
◼ Reduce to lowest terms.
◼ 4/5
Try these examples
◼ 0.75 converted to a fraction becomes…

◼ ¾
◼ ⅝
◼ ¼
Convert a fraction to a decimal
◼ Write the numerator as a dividend and the
denominator as the divisor.
◼ Divide the numerator by the denominator, taking

the division out as many decimal places as
necessary or desirable.
◼ Note: In some cases, a repeating decimal will

be the quotient of the operation. You may
indicate that it is a repeating decimal or round
as needed.
Here’s an example
◼ Write ⅞ as a decimal.
◼ Divide 8 into 7.000.
◼ The result is 0.875
◼ In this case the quotient is called a

terminating decimal; there is no
remainder.
Try these examples
◼ Convert ½ to a decimal.
◼ 0.5
◼ Convert ⅜ to a decimal.
◼ 0.375
◼ Convert ⅔ to a decimal.
◼ 0.6666(repeating) or 0.67

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BUSINESS

Zoe Regina C. Castro

◼ Read and write decimals

1.2345 rounded to the nearest tenth is 1.2

◼ Our money system, based on the dollar,

◼ Moving one place from right to left increases

◼ Moving one place from left to right, causes

◼ 0.1 is read “one tenth”

◼ Separates the whole number part from the

◼ 26.8 is read twenty six and eight tenths

◼ The first place to the right of the decimal

◼ 4.15 Four and fifteen hundredths

Read the whole number part first, saying

◼ When reading numbers that represent

◼ Decimal amounts are read as “cents.”

◼ $46.57 is read “forty–six dollars and fifty-

1. Find the digit in the specified place.

2. Look at the next digit to the right.

 If the digit is 5 or more, add 1 to the digit

Round to the nearest tenth

◼ Add and subtract decimals

◼ Attach extra zeros to the right end of each

◼ Add or subtract as though the numbers are

◼ Place the decimal point in the sum or difference

◼ 6.485 + 1.4 + 0.8 + 11.999 =

Divide a decimal by a whole number:

◼ Place a decimal point for the quotient

◼ Jill wants to buy a bottle of detergent. If a 100-

Answer: The 50-ounce bottle has a cost of

◼ Amber Sellnow has an hourly rate of $8.75

◼ Convert a decimal to a fraction.

◼ Convert a fraction to a decimal.

◼ Find the denominator: write 1 followed by

◼ 0.75 converted to a fraction becomes…

◼ Divide the numerator by the denominator, taking

◼ Note: In some cases, a repeating decimal will

◼ Divide 8 into 7.000.

◼ The result is 0.875

◼ In this case the quotient is called a

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