Ch014 - Taguchi's Quality Engineering

Quality
Improvement
Chapter 14- Taguchi’s

Quality Engineering
PowerPoint
PowerPoint presentation
presentation to
to accompany
accompany
Besterfield,
Besterfield, Quality
Quality Improvement,
Improvement, 9e
9e
Outline
1. Introduction
2. Loss Function
3. Orthogonal Arrays
4. Signal-to-Noise Ratio
5. Parameter Design
6. Tolerance Design
2
Quality Improvement, 9e © 2013, 2008 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc
Dale H. Besterfield Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
Learning Objectives
When you complete this chapter, you are expected to:
 Know the loss function and calculate the four types
 Understand the concept of orthogonal arrays with
degrees of freedom, linear graphs, and interactions
 Know and calculate the signal-to-noise ratios
 Understand the concept of parameter design and determine the strong factors
and their levels;
 Understand the concept of tolerance design and
determine percent contribution and low cost design
.
.
.
3
Average Loss
4
Loss Function
 Taguchi defines loss as societies loss from the
time a product is shipped. It includes:
 Failure to meet requirements
 Failure to meet ideal performance
 Harmful side effects
 Many practitioners have added losses due to
production that include:
 Waste due to unusable products
 Toxic by-products
5
Vinyl Thickness Example
6
Sony TV Example
7
Nominal-the-Best
8
Equation
9
Average Loss
10
Other Equations
 Taguchi developed over 68 loss functions
11
Summary of Equations
12
Orthogonal Array
 Discussed in Chapter 13. Taguchi developed a
method of treating fraction factorials by using an
interaction table and linear graph for each
orthogonal array. All columns are referred to as
the design space and the columns used for the
experiment (factors) the design matrix.
 Changes were made to the traditional OA’s, but
this did not compromise the results.
13
14
Procedure
1. Define the number of factors (A,B,C…) and
levels (1,2,3…)
2. Determine the degrees of freedom (See Ch 13)
3. Select an Orthogonal Array (See next slide)
4. Consider any interaction
15
16
Interaction Table
17
Linear Graph
18
Interaction Between Two Factors
19
Comments on Interactions
 They consume df; therefore more TC’s are needed
 Engineering vs mathematical
 Between control and noise factors
 Mild interactions will not effect main effects
 OA 12 and OA 18 disperse the interactions among all the
factors
 Strive to develop design that uses main effects only
 Try to use control factors that will not interact
 Select energy-related outputs
 An unsuccessful confirmation run may indicate an interaction
20
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
 Proactive equivalent to the loss function
21
Decibels
 Common unit in electrical engineering
 They are a relative measure. For example difference
between 71 dB to 74 dB is same as 7 dB to 10 dB.
Both are twice as good or bad
22
Equations
 Nominal-the-Best
 Smaller-the-Better
 Larger-the-Better
23
Parameter Design
24
25
26
27
28
Iron Casting Example
29
30
31
Grille Example
32
33
34
35
36
37
Tube Example
38
39
40
Treating Noise
 Run a few repetitions when the process
is very noisy
 When there is one strong noise factor,
two levels is sufficient for that situation
 When neither of the above, it is
compounded. Use an initial experiment
to evaluate.
41
Metal Stamping Example
42
43
44
45
46
Tolerance Design
 Statistical tolerance around the target
 Selective tightening of tolerances or the
upgrading to eliminate excessive
variation
 Uses ANOVA, percent contribution and
loss function
47
Percent Contribution
48
49
50
51
Low Cost Tolerancing
52
53
Control Circuit Example
54
55
56
57
58
59

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Chapter 14- Taguchi’s

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