Floyd Slide 1

Digital Fundamentals, 9/e CHAPTER 4

Boolean Algebra and Logic Simplification

Boolean Operations and Expressions

• Addition • Multiplication
0+0=0 0*0=0
0+1=1 0*1=0
1+0=1 1*0=0
1+1=1 1*1 =1

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.

Floyd Slide 2
Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Laws of Boolean Algebra

• Commutative Law of Addition:

A+B=B+A

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Floyd Slide 3
Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Laws of Boolean Algebra

• Commutative Law of Multiplication:

A*B=B*A

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.

Floyd Slide 4
Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Laws of Boolean Algebra

• Associative Law of Addition:

A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Floyd Slide 5
Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Laws of Boolean Algebra

• Associative Law of Multiplication:

A * (B * C) = (A * B) * C

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.

Floyd Slide 6
Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Laws of Boolean Algebra

• Distributive Law:
A(B + C) = AB + AC

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Floyd Slide 7
Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Rules of Boolean Algebra

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.

Floyd Slide 8
Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Rules of Boolean Algebra

• Rule 1

OR Truth Table

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Floyd Slide 9
Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Rules of Boolean Algebra

• Rule 2

OR Truth Table

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.

Floyd Slide 10
Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Rules of Boolean Algebra

• Rule 3

AND Truth Table

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Floyd Slide 11
Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Rules of Boolean Algebra

• Rule 4

AND Truth Table

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.

Floyd Slide 12
Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Rules of Boolean Algebra

• Rule 5

OR Truth Table

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Floyd Slide 13
Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Rules of Boolean Algebra

• Rule 6

OR Truth Table

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.

Floyd Slide 14
Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Rules of Boolean Algebra

• Rule 7

AND Truth Table

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Floyd Slide 15
Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Rules of Boolean Algebra

• Rule 8

AND Truth Table

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.

Floyd Slide 16
Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Rules of Boolean Algebra

• Rule 9

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Floyd Slide 17
Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Rules of Boolean Algebra

• Rule 10: A + AB = A

AND Truth Table OR Truth Table

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.

Floyd Slide 18
Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Rules of Boolean Algebra

• Rule 11: A + AB = A + B

AND Truth Table OR Truth Table

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Floyd Slide 19
Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Rules of Boolean Algebra

• Rule 12: (A + B)(A + C) = A + BC

AND Truth Table OR Truth Table

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.

Floyd Slide 20
Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

DeMorgan’s Theorems

• Theorem 1
XY = X + Y

• Theorem 2
X + Y = XY

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Floyd Slide 21
Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

Standard Forms of Boolean Expressions

• The sum-of-product (SOP) form

Example: X = AB + CD + EF

• The product of sum (POS) form

Example: X = (A + B)(C + D)(E + F)

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.

Floyd Slide 22
Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

The Karnaugh Map

3-Variable Example
3-Variable Karnaugh Map

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Floyd Slide 23
Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

The Karnaugh Map

4-Variable Karnaugh Map

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.

Floyd Slide 24
Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

The Karnaugh Map

4-Variable Example

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Floyd Slide 25
Digital Fundamentals, 9/e

The Karnaugh Map

5-Variable Karnaugh Mapping

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.