RUSANGU UNIVERSITY (RU)

SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL SCIENCES
MATH 475 COMPLEX ANALYSIS- ASSIGNMENT

NAME: MAKANI MSUNE

ID: 20150834
LECTURER: DR D MUKONDA

Due Date 28/02/ 2022

 Question 1
1+2i
Find Re(z) and Im(z) for Z = (i+7)(1+i)(1−2i)

Solution

1 + 2i
((i + 7)(1 + i))(1 − 2i)

1 + 2i
(i − 1 + 7 + 7i)(1 − 2i)

1 + 2i
i − 1 + 7 + 7i + 2 + 2i − 14i + 14
1 + 2i
7i + 2i − 14i + 14 + 7 + 2 − 1
1 + 2i
22 − 4i
(1 + 2i)(22 + 4i)
(22 − 4i)(22 + 4i)

22 − 8 + 44i + 4i
484 + 88i − 88i + 16
14 + 48i
484 + 16
14 48
+ i
500 500
𝟕 𝟐𝟒
+ 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝐢 ANS
𝟐𝟓𝟎
 Question 2

Solve and if possible sketch the following equations

(a) |𝑧 − 𝑖| = 2|𝑧 − 1|

Solution

Let z= x + yi

| x + yi-i| = 2| x + yi − 1|

And |z|=√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2

√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 −12 = 2√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 −12

(√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 −12 = 2√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 −12 )2

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 −12 =4(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 −12 )

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2y + 1 = 4𝑥 2 − 8x + 4 + 4𝑦 2

3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 2 − 8x + 2y + 3 = 0

1
( 3𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 − 8x + 2y + 3 = 0)
3
8 2
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − x + y + 3 = 0
3 3
8 2
(𝑥 2 − x) + (𝑦 2 + y) + 1 = 0
3 3
4 16 1 1
(x − x)2 − + (y + )2 − + 1 = 0
3 9 3 9
4 1 8
(x − x)2 + (y + )2 =
3 3 9

4 1 √8
(x − x)2 + (y + )2 = ( )2
3 3 3
𝟒 −𝟏 √𝟖
𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫 (𝟑 , ) 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬 𝐫 = ANS
𝟑 𝟑
 Question 3
find all the solution of z 4 + i = 0
Solution

1 1
(z)4 = (−1)4

1
Z = (−1)4

y
θ = tan−1 ( )
x

−1
θ = tan−1 ( )
0
π
θ=
2

π π
z 4 = −i = cos − isin
2 2

π π 1
z = [[cos (2πk + ) − isin (2πk + )]4 ]
2 2

(4k + 1)π (4k + 1)π

= cos − isin
8 8

so, our k = 0,1,2,3, in order for us to get the roots

π π
z0 = cos − isin
8 8
5π 5π
z1 = cos − isin
8 8
9π 9π
z2 = cos + isin
8 8
𝟏𝟑𝛑 𝟏𝟑𝛑
𝐳𝟑 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 + 𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐧 ANS
𝟖 𝟖
 Question 4

prove the inequality |z + w|2 + |z − w|2 = (2|z|2 + |w|2 )

Solution

let z = x + iy and w = v + iu

|(x + iy) + (v + iu)|2 + |(x + iy) − (v + iu)|2

|x + v + i(y + u)|2 + |x − v + i(y − u)|2

2 2
(√(x + v)2 + (y + u)2 ) + (√(x − v)2 + (y − v)2 )

(x + v)2 + (y + u)2 + (x − v)2 + (y − u)2

x 2 + 2xv + v 2 + y 2 + 2yu + u2 + x 2 − 2xv + v 2 + y 2 − 2uy + u2

2x 2 + 2y 2 + 2v 2 + 2u2

2(x 2 + y 2 + v 2 + u2 )

|𝐳 + 𝐰|𝟐 + |𝐳 − 𝐰|𝟐 = 𝟐(|𝐳|𝟐 + |𝐰|𝟐 ) ANS

 Question 5

𝑧 6 +16
Evaluate the following limit 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑧⟶√2 +𝑖√2 𝑧 4 −2√2𝑧+4

Solution

𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 = √2 + 𝑖√2

(√2 + 𝑖√2)6 + 16

(√2 + 𝑖√2)4 − 2√2(√2 + 𝑖√2) + 4

−𝟔𝟒𝒊 + 𝟏𝟔
𝑨𝑵𝑺
−𝟏𝟔 − 𝟐√𝟐√𝟐 + 𝒊𝟐√𝟐 + 𝟒

Question 6

Find all the values of (−1 + 𝑖)−𝑖−1

Solution

Z=−1 + 𝑖

𝛼 = −𝑖 − 1

|𝑧| = √(−1 + 1)2

=√2
𝑦
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
𝑥
1
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
−1

𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (−1)

3𝜋
𝜃=
4

𝑧 = 𝑒 𝛼𝑙𝑛𝑧
 𝑙𝑛𝑧 = log|z| + iarg + 2k 𝜋

3𝜋
𝑧 = 𝑒 −𝑖−1 (𝑙𝑜𝑔√2) + 𝑖 ( ) + 2𝑘𝜋
4
3𝜋 3𝜋𝑖
Z= 𝑒 −𝑙𝑜𝑔√2𝑖 + +2k 𝜋 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔√2 − - 2k 𝜋
4 4

3𝜋
3𝜋𝑖
Z = 𝑒 4 + 2k 𝜋 − 2k 𝜋 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔√2 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔√2𝑖 − 4

𝟑𝝅
𝟑𝝅𝒊
Z = 𝒆 𝟒 − 𝒍𝒐𝒈√𝟐 − 𝒍𝒐𝒈√𝟐𝒊 − ANS
𝟒

Question 7
1 𝑖+𝑧
Prove that for the complex number z, 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑧 = 2 ln(𝑖−𝑍)
Solution

1 𝑖+𝑧
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑧 = 2 ln(𝑖−𝑍)

Using Euler’s formula

𝑒 𝑖𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

2𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑒 𝑖𝜃 − 𝑒 −𝑖𝜃
2cos𝜃 = 𝑒 𝑖𝜃 + 𝑒 −𝑖𝜃
Dividing the equation, we have
1 𝑒 𝑖𝜃 −𝑒 −𝑖𝜃
tan𝜃= 𝑖 (𝑒 𝑖𝜃 +𝑒 −𝑖𝜃 )

let z=tan𝜃 ⟺ 𝜃 = arctan 𝑧, 𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡

1 𝑒 𝑖𝜃 −𝑒 −𝑖𝜃
z= 𝑖 (𝑒 𝑖𝜃 +𝑒 −𝑖𝜃 )

iz(𝑒 𝑖𝜃 + 𝑒 −𝑖𝜃 )= 𝑒 𝑖𝜃 − 𝑒 −𝑖𝜃

𝑒 𝑖𝜃 (1 − 𝑖𝑧) = 𝑒 −𝑖𝜃 (1 + 𝑖𝑧)
1 + 𝑖𝑧
𝑒 2𝑖𝜃 =
1 + 𝑖𝑧
1 + 𝑖𝑧
2𝑖𝜃 = log( )
1 + 𝑖𝑧
 1 1 + 𝑖𝑧
𝜃= log( )
2𝑖 1 + 𝑖𝑧
𝟏 𝟏+𝒊𝒛
Arctan z = 𝟐𝒊 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟏+𝒊𝒛) ANS

QUESTION 8
For the following functions, find u and v and determine whether they are analytic or not.
2 𝑧
a) 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑒 𝑧 , 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧+1
1
b) 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑟 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)

Solutions
2
𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑒 𝑧
𝑧 2 = (𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦)2
𝑧 2 = (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑖2𝑥𝑦)
2 −𝑦 2 +𝑖2𝑥𝑦
∴ 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑒 𝑥
2 −𝑦 2
𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑒 𝑥 [cos(2𝑥𝑦) + sin(2𝑥𝑦)]
2 −𝑦 2
𝑢 = 𝑒𝑥 cos(2𝑥𝑦)
2 −𝑦 2
𝑣 = 𝑒𝑥 sin(2𝑥𝑦)
2 −𝑦 2 2 −𝑦 2
𝑢𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 2𝑥 cos(2𝑥𝑦) − sin(2𝑥𝑦)𝑒 𝑥
2 −𝑦 2 2 −𝑦 2
𝑢𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 2𝑥 cos(2𝑥𝑦) − sin(2𝑥𝑦)𝑒 𝑥
2 −𝑦 2 2 −𝑦 2
𝑣𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 2𝑥 sin(2𝑥𝑦) + cos(2𝑥𝑦)𝑒 𝑥
2 −𝑦 2 2 −𝑦 2
𝑣𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 2𝑥 sin(2𝑥𝑦) + cos(2𝑥𝑦)𝑒 𝑥

𝑢𝑥 ≠ 𝑣𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢𝑦 ≠ −𝑣𝑥

∴ 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑡𝑖𝑐.
 𝑧
𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧+1

𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦
𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 + 1
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜
𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 = 0
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦
𝑢𝑥 =1 𝑣𝑥 = 0
𝑢𝑦 = 0 𝑣𝑦 = 1

𝑢𝑥 = 𝑣𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢𝑦 = −𝑣𝑥

1=1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜 = 𝑜
∴ 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑡𝑖𝑐

b)
1
(cos 𝜃 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃)
𝑟

1 1
𝑢(𝑟, 𝜃) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑣(𝑟, 𝜃) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑟 𝑟
1 1
𝑢𝜃 = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑢𝑟 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑟 𝑟2
1 1
𝑣𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣𝑟 = − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑟 𝑟2
1 1
𝑢𝑟 = 𝑣 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣𝑟 = − 𝑢
𝑟 𝜃 𝑟
1 1 1 1 1 1
− 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ≠ ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ≠ − (− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)
𝑟2 𝑟 𝑟 𝑟2 𝑟 𝑟
 ∴ 𝒊𝒕 𝒊𝒔 𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒚𝒕𝒊𝒄. ANS

Question 9
Evaluate the following integral
𝑧3 − 3
∫ 𝑑𝑧
𝑧(𝑧 − 𝑖)3
𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 |𝑧| = 2
Solution
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑧(𝑧 − 𝑖)3 = 0