Protein Synthesis

What is a gene?
A gene is a set of instructions that control the production (or ) of within
the . This process, called .,
involves 2 steps: and ,

How does a gene work?

DNA cannot leave the , so a copy is made in the form of
a similar called RNA (ribonucleic acid) during
transcription. After DNA is used to make , the RNA is then used to make
during translation..

The structure of RNA

RNA is to DNA.
1. RNA is a macromolecule.
2. RNA is made of .

How is DNA different from RNA?

1. RNA contains the sugar and
DNA contains the sugar
2. RNA is -stranded, DNA is -stranded
3. RNA contains instead of . Uracil, like
thymine, is a (contains one ring).
4. Both and have adenine, cytosine, and guanine.

Three types of RNA

1. messenger RNA ( ): carries a of the
information in DNA. This type of RNA acts as a “ ” bringing

the information in the DNA to the .

2. ribosomal RNA ( ): this RNA is found with .

Remember, ribosomes are where are made.
Ribosomes are made of both proteins and rRNA.

3. transfer RNA ( ): this RNA brings to the

ribosome to be added to the that is being made at the
ribosome. There is one tRNA for each of the 20 amino acids.

Transfer RNA