FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Program : CEEM222
Course Title : MATERIAL SCIENCE
Course Code : MEC481
Instructor : DR. NOOR LEHA ABDUL RAHMAD

Materials for Corrosive Environments

By

AC

Full Name UiTM ID No.

Members:
1. WAN MUHAMMAD HARITH BIN MOHD AMRAN 2022484016
2. AHMAD DANIAL BIN AHMAD SHUKRI 2022477992
3. MOHAMAD DANISH HAKIM BIN MOHD FAISAL 2022484182
4. MUHAMMAD AREEF SAFWAN BIN MUHAMAD SAYUTI 2022484394
5. MUHAMMAD ARIF HANAFI BIN ISMAIL 2022484642

Submission Date : 23 December 2022

Instructor’s Signature : Date Received :

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY………………………………………………………………………....….3

CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENT DESCRIPTION………………………………………………….. 3

CORROSION RESISTANT MATERIALS………………………………………………………… 4

A) STAINLESS STEEL………………………………………………………………………. 4

B) ALUMINIUM………………………………………………………………………………...4

C) SOFT METAL……………………………………………………………………………… 5

MATERIAL RECOMMENDED..……………………………………………………………………. 5

REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………………………..6
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report is made in order to provide the best recommendation of material to be

used to prevent a corrosive environment. This report consists of the description of a
corrosive environment and its required properties in order to prevent the corrosion. There
are three corrosion resistant materials highlighted in this report which are stainless steel,
aluminium and soft metals. Each of these materials are explaining their properties, both pros
and cons including on how to prevent the corrosion. The selection of material depends on
characteristics and their structures . This report also explains the reason why other materials
are not being selected as the main recommendation in order to prevent the corrosive
environment.

CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENT DESCRIPTION

In the process industries, corrosion is the biggest single cause of equipment and
plant failure. For the majority of applications, it is possible to select materials for construction
that are completely resistant to corrosion from the process fluids, but the cost of such an
approach is occasionally unaffordable. The majority of corrosion failures are caused by
some type of localised corrosion, which causes failure faster than would be anticipated from
uniform wastage. It's also critical to remember that external air corrosion, which frequently
results in loss of containment, tends to be a bigger
issue than internal corrosion. At the time of plant
design as well as throughout the plant's lifespan, all
these corrosive behaviour factors must be taken into
consideration. This regulation must be followed while
selecting the building material for all components,
including valves, pipe fittings, instruments, and
gauges. Corrosion rates can be significantly
impacted directly by changes in temperature as well as composition (such as chlorides and
moisture). The operator must be able to demonstrate that procedures have been put in place
to ensure that any potential variations in process parameters, such as fluid temperature,
pressure, and composition, are recognised by experts and evaluated in relation to the
selection of building materials for pipework systems. Because the material specifies the
chemical and mechanical qualities of the component being manufactured, affects its
durability, and guarantees appropriate operation of the component, choosing the right
material is crucial. Due to their material characteristics and lack of reactivity to hostile
chemicals and environments, corrosion-resistant materials play a vital role in production.
CORROSION RESISTANT MATERIALS

A) STAINLESS STEEL

Alloys made of stainless steel are recognised for their great strength, ductility, and
resistance to corrosion. The amount of chromium and nickel in stainless steels directly
affects how corrosion resistant they are. At least 18% chromium is present in the majority of
stainless steel alloys on the market today. Chromium oxidised to produce chromium oxide,
which forms a protective layer on the metal part's surface and
shields the steel underneath from corrosion and oxygen.
Construction, machine building, and the production of storage
containers can all benefit from the high melting point and
strong pressure resistance of this material. The most
frequently specified grades of stainless steel are 304, 430, 316,
and 316 being the grade of choice for hostile marine situations.
However, the high cost of stainless steel coupled with its great corrosion resistance makes it
prohibitively expensive for some firms. Moreover, due to the addition of various alloying
elements like iron, chromium, nickel, manganese, and copper, stainless steel is more
expensive to create. About 10% chromium is also added by the manufacturers to the steel
as a corrosion-resistant additive. Last but not least, stainless steel is widely accessible in a
variety of designs and has great protection against corrosion and is simple to manufacture
and construct.

B) ALUMINIUM

Aluminium-based alloys are highly strong for their weight, have great thermal and
electrical conductivity. They are non-toxic, entirely recyclable and simple to machine.
Additionally, one of the few materials with an inherent resistance to corrosion, aluminium is
special. This substance can oxidise but cannot rust since it contains little or no iron. A layer
of aluminium oxide forms on the surface of the component and shields it from corrosion
when an aluminium alloy is exposed to water and oxidises
a process known as self-passivation. Aluminium 5052-H32
has a bright, smooth finish and is more corrosion-resistant
than other types of aluminium. Through a procedure known
as anodization, this oxidation process can also be precisely
controlled. Additionally, aluminium stands out as one of the
few cutting-edge additive manufacturing materials that is naturally corrosion-resistant.
Anodization is a popular, low-cost controlled finish. Through this procedure, colour can also
be added to the part, allowing for even more customisation for various use cases. When a
high-performance material is required, aluminium is widely employed in aircraft applications,
auto body panels, salt-water sensitive applications, and other circumstances. Aluminium is a
cost-effective corrosion-resistant material that manufacturers should think about utilising.

C) SOFT METAL

Materials that can corrode in harsh environments include bronze, brass, and copper
alloys, which are examples of soft metals, also referred to as red
metals. Copper is a ductile, metalloid that conducts heat and
electricity very well. These metals can guarantee resistance to
oxidation for the duration of a specific component's life. Throughout
time, copper won't rust because as it oxidises, it creates a patina, a
green covering that shields the
component from more damage. Copper is most frequently used in
wires and cables and is frequently chosen by producers in the
semiconductor industry as the corrosion-resistant material. It is
used to create electric generators, heat pumps, circuit boards, and
electromagnets. Copper is indeed a crucial element in the
manufacture of parts for renewable energy resources. Systems driven by copper transport
energy more effectively and with less impact on the environment since copper is such a
great thermal and electrical conductor.

MATERIAL RECOMMENDED

Overall, stainless steel is the ideal material for our topic. Stainless is relatively simple
to obtain because it is widely accessible in a variety of forms. In addition, it is appropriate for
applications involving high temperatures. For instance, 409 Ferritic is frequently used in the
automotive and aerospace sectors for heat exchangers and heating system components.
Additionally, compared to other materials, stainless steel is also simpler to clean. Since
stainless steel has a high level of oxidation resistance, it is the perfect material for household
equipment like spoons, forks, and pots. Last but not least, according to our analysis,
stainless steel is the greatest material and is less expensive than other options.
REFERENCES