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Subject Code/Title: PH 3151-Engg.phy Unit:Oscl llatons, opt cs Laser

PT Case )
Tota nherna Reflechon hon b> pethE yay toll
lhen a ght wave S
donsoY MOd IUm
while it tva vels efochecd to

ompletaly Ye flected
to amo they itself as Shown m
f 3)
dium
To one me
Is
from Snel's o
hS phonomonon
|mediAm, Ran
inte Yna I Yef loc ho 2 Sin 0
Cailed, total
Sine
CYihca ange be: Sin

n Total Jaternal efachon

Condihons fer
Condihon 1:
+avel rom denser
Fg Lght Should
tD YaYeY mad1um.

mediAm

(en>2
Ei Condi hon 2
avelsS at he
The anfe of tn cidenco
he ligr wave sseas
Let Should be Ye atey
toYaYeY medium
itey face
den seY medium
HRe CYiHcal Ongle
Ca se)
dhen ho angle of incidene
o s s than Re cYitical oang e oterferen
A
ce:
(a) <c,e ray 1S hen hwo isht waVes

YefTacted inoyaYer medium FFgl1|| h e n ha Yesultant

Super impose,
be
Caseii) ampl hudde OT in fensi hy 1

hen e fhe Yay Passes Ye gion of supey pos ihon is dSferan

|along fRe medium of Sepavaton aS
han th amplihude of indiidual
Shown in fia ) ohat Fo age a ves

of YefactionS 0 .This agle Constchve nferferene:-

Condiion fer
CYIhca agle and have
c I s called ag
es ave in phase
Wav
phase dHevences of 0, 24k
(i Pan diteYe na = ( , when n=o,2

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ScIENCEAND HUMANITIESs
Subject Code/Title: PH3IS-Engg.phy Unit:Oscillatons, OPHics b Lasey

mIYYOY S
CAt Can of s.
Thus ka path d1fevenca
The eay
SIdo o f a s dote Ga.
beween ha tu waves. 1S eR ua
S IVeyod
mulh plo Of S Sem -

h integral a s s plcte
ConSkuchve poshally e focive
ave
e ng I6 (A), +Ro n, eu YS nd

Such 1hat eptin

ntev fevYena OCCuYS

he ight
eRuall ofloched
and fran smiHd
|Condition foY destmchve in tevferen o
unsion
Io tRis woy ca
by
in out of phase o
1 Waves ave
ampli u d o ta lcos plo
phase2
dfeeen Ces of
Cnd nave

T 30 S
C20t
PatA dijfevente
Cwheye n-o1,2,3

Thus, a palG diffevenu SouYCO

between tho u d
w a y es g equal

o e dd integsal mulbple f
h e n ostmchve iotesference occuYS

Michelson Joterferome re SCREEN

Pineipla
rodu cing interferenco pattem

bsplithn8 a
Rht beam into fuo *Monochromahc liGht rom Sourc2

Pots and Thon Ye Combíning he beam splittey lass

flls oo
travelled
tiem ajey Roy a e plo 6,
offerent ophical paths Sine G, is poahally polished
Lome part of
he ugkt sets
Constmcbn
It Consists oamovalole esleeted and Some. Part of
transmi Hed
miYroY Mand
a jied miyY6Y M, HRa ughE get
producing two per pendi Culaay
boh ave higly palis had,
beams of equal otengt
*Tuo aass lates G Cbeam
xTha Pflectedight move teuads
spliter) and G2 CCompenSato
M, and tranSmiHed t mcye
asS P (ate) ave placed parallel
wards M2 Ehough tRe gass
to each otfer betweon TRa
plate G2
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NNA
LCHO1oY
DEPARTMENTOF
SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES
Subject Code/Title: PH3IS-Engg.phy Unit:TO sei flahons, ophcs Laser

he bams Ven eparahon

x M, and M2 Yeflect
beam Splite ' ho mYYOYS M, and
back tounyes betuon
ual TnioY M, ne pal
G
he
focod Dm M, t erono (A 1S on S
Tho a
YansmiHod fhwugh fho boPa 2 n
a n d fhe Y a n 1noGeY,
Spley to Ro SCYecn
whore
dfferonce betuoeen
fom M
Yay YefCoched
ned movin
Re beam Can be
Yefteckecd aon nheyate

Tho twO laves

he ScY e2n
Sph Hey fo OY
ve'y a s
dostruci

Constu Ch vely
Be cauSe bo lh beams Oiginda cndihonS of
per he tollowing
pOint on tho diteren ce A
rom He Same palh
amd
Co hor ent he n
d i f j e r e n ce,
palh
wilh each ole ) A =o n o n o i o h e y f e reno patern)
ReYe fYa 1nteY fae

An inteyferena poten of
Construchve intey
(ii) A 202 -Ox
2 -fore nu3nsht PnnsA
dark and briaht Yi ngs or

obserVed on fe (Destruciue intafeven

Y eS aYe
(1i A-0+) -Do Fringes)
ot S

Thepr Types of tnes

foYmed by (ke oYmed b ha
FringcS ao
Theis CuYved
ma be cYCulay,
ghYefucted laY (m
ond M2 huch S equivalont OY Stmight

Yeflected rom uppey

CculaY Éinac
of ha aiy film and M2 ae paYal'el
Ond cwey &uvface When M,
M,
Ad M ciclay
HoYmed bewen
TiYTOY
fo each otleY Tie m

miyYoY M2
he Ytuol maGe of
YingeS can be obSeyved
1two intefeing

beams oGGht eYe spt

ron he same inhat beam

1hay weYe Inihally tm phK se

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CHNNAI DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES
Subject Code/Title: PH 3151- Engg.phy Unit: Oscillaions, OphcS 6.LaseY

diffeence oteY
TRe pal
Cuyved Finges g
S mven
When M, and M Ore Inci nedooving lh miryOY
to each otheY, h e I m enclosed 2Cd+x)(mtn)

2d+2x =m A 4 + n ) - { 3
is wedge Shaped Then Cuwed

Can be chserved eqnOin ean

ingcs Subsh huting
-M nt2x =mA+ nA
2c mnX

A = 2x
m

StraigtEyinges Appli cations

A
N, h M and M inteysect daheched R easten a o
It
tRe
Straught lina fringes
are
waveS a n d Confiymed

distoy tion
obtamed Space - imo
Inopicaaf
M I+ is used
Cohevenco t o m o a p

* Jt is ed in fbeY opthcS

hee of Air lwedae y Experimant

Determinaion of ave ang h A Rin Im Kaving lero
CiYulaY TgS-), Ond
at Ono end
jhicknas
Separahon of
ven neeaSIng tRicknoss
and M12
Pore&8i vely
between M at the other end is called
ven by
ph difevenco a wedge
2d n can be Uged
Ths aiY edgo

When M IS moved
adisfance
toind t h aveleng'
More impoYhan tu
moves to he inciden Gght.
xeach faina can be uged
o m a g uYe

PoSition previously oCCpled

Lot Sz2 o veyy mall oHechs
byon adjacent fringe
m be u m number 0 finges
v e n pont as M mowad
pE SSins
TELEGRAM: @eduengineering SFNGAN DEPARTMENT OF
SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES
EHNOLOG
Subject Code/Title: PH3IS -Engg-phy Unit: T Osci lahions, opH cS a s e y

boh
ho aYYange mont Y ObseYUIng At point Gn,Reve
(n
aertge aAEmisSlon and Yefoctien
|tey feYen Le of ght top
The Yejo cted yay fTom top
haped aiy fen GShown
m

a i fm (Yoy 1 and he
ohe
bo tom
TGuve
doy
hday
ho Ta Yefocto d m
Fvin
ouY fitn have vaying
Roy' ofIte
( ) Reu 2tavel
path difevenca
more diglamo han Ya
unos up
By the tima Tay 2
two
wi h Yay 1, d Ras t ravelled
ona wavelenglh
widhs B or

difeena behuetn
Thug ho.pah
S One avelong
wed a and Ya2
On ge
Hhon At falls neYfere
Ycy
and yay 2
gets t |and
|S hoped im,tAin
Aey are 18o
|do9tuchuey, Since
of
poutYeflected om top
ansimiHed
ut of phase phenoMAMon OCCUTS
aiy 5lm, fRon Simila
he Thege
ouY jlm. TRe trans
Hough ha at point° F
agin Yefa cted
mited beam Congider the 17iangkog
lm Let us
at bottom oj fhe aiy fi AADE
ABG and
,

A
n
ve of Similar triang
Similar rian
Tho wedge ange property
haPropeyty
Ihe of
By
an d he t t i o
Yefocked
we have for he irst dayk frinsd
mall,
inteyfeve
Constm chue y or

Yys
dastnucively pvdu cin g altevnate
ond
dak fringes.
bnght 2t
Se Concd dark
Consicoa poins G andE S for lhe
Re magles
tohere ho glass-to- glass fYinge, o t us onsSieley
Ro aiY wedg
distamcag aCYoSS
AAcF and AADE,
ae and Nepechuel

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.
SHENNAI DEPARTMENTHUMANITIES
OF
e GEYSCIENCE AND
Subject Code/Title: PH 3151- Engg.phy Unit: Oscilahions, Optics u Laser

Shaped uy
twid B IS NouD CAWedge
Theinge f is fo med befween the
he dig a n a
define d as two laGS platos.
two Conge Cuhve
botweeen Thoght fran Sodium

bright oY dak Svinges, S ma do o

VapouAY amp
The n e thave InCdont on a plano aass
wed Go at
yinge widh X2-X Shaot hodd ovey ho
an anRle o 45 o
2t VeYh ca
When he lig Jalls nclly
on aiY edge a anae mont,
betwe0n
due to inteyfeYen@

from h
ware Tetocked
xperiment an d botfom Susfaco o
aYYange Ment op
The
experimental
fhe i m ,a r a e number o
Tha Jiue ave oimal
Sshoum vm nteteYen co inges
Ka
MicxOSCope
No by jocussing
are
microscope
he fringes
Observed and Yeadinhs
Giass plare. are tbulatad

XTha horizon al pogi ion of

ouYce
the dore inges In the ordey
Cse
n, ots, O t o , ntIS -.
Convex ons
measuye d

From thus d of s

fringes is calculated (ac>5 B)

H Speci m e n t

Then,Re Yinges width B

s Caculated a

Tuo opheally plano atass

plates a Ye aced One ovey
B A
otfeY ond tied toac1foy by
udbey band a t AL
MeDns oj t
2
A thi uive S
One end me aguye Re
betuen the plaes at hus CWe Can
lnSeyted fha oive usn aYweds
tictnesS o
ha oRey end TELEGRAM: @eduengineering CHENNAI P DEPARTMENT OF
SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES
CHNOLOY
 Subject Code/Title: PH3I5 Enga Physics Unit. i.OscilleHons ophcs a s e r

EiNSTEtN'S CoEFFICIENTS N Na
h
when a üsht raoduation E-E9E -h?
inidenat on the assemblyob aoms
N,
|STIMULATCO AsoR pitoN SPONTANtoUs CMicioN.
we Cam obseve hrethangs
STiMUA TED EMISSION
Stimula teed absorption
exited Photons tYjagers meajom
2 5Pontaneous mission level to make
|at higher Cneraq
3 Stimulated Cmisgion |tramci ion to lower Cnerqy level(E,)
cluins this 1amSition photon d
TIMUATED A8soR pTioN mitted. Thi kind
ergynY u
The Atbms in the Low er negu Stimudateo
Cmd 65 Emisgion is Knouon as
State (EN abtorbs raiation
Emnssion
isexited to the higher nergy E2 N
evel (E Thic ProLess is known
E = h

E h
as Stimulated absorption.
E, N
The rate of stimulated abgoption The rate o Stimulateel Cmission
Nab is iven by
Nst iveM by Ngt d N2 Q
Na d Ni
NANo atoms inthe lower nery
NSt baiNa
level B Ropo tionaGtj onstant
Enegy clensiby Incidert radiaio)||These Conctants A2, Bi2 B
Nab Bi2N 0 axe Calleel insteins A gB

Bi27 hoPortionali y
onstant Coegicients.
A+ euillibnum Condikion
SPaNTANeoUs EMISSION UPwand
The exited atoms Inthe
No.o douwnward SNo.o
Higher TremsiHons Transitions
nergyleyel E2 Retum to the
lower inergy level Ei by imitting NsPt Nst = Nab
we have
without any Sub ein O s i n
Photen of energy hY
external factOY This Protecs is
AaN2+Ba Na = Biz NiQ
nown as spom taneos tmission.
Rake micsionNsp N Bi2N Bai Na AvIN
NsP Ai N Az-nytant| G12N BaNa)R= AzjN2
|Na9atomg inthe Lites snte
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CHENNAL DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES
OY
 Unit: O<Cil1ahonS, Opics Lasey
Code/Title: pH3IS1-Engg. Physies
Subject
SouDSTATE
A Na
Nd-VAG LASER LASERR

B12 N-B2 Nz Nd-yA tand tor Podyrum

Numartpr ml cenom1nato Hlum1mum na net
ittrium
by BN
A N/,2IN2 CHARE(TRISTIC:
laer
folid state
2 N 52NE
brNL e
Four leve
B Nz Pod
lol yA
ACtive moclum:

A OPtical pumPin
(B12) -1 Pompine methcd Cxenon Lamp)
B21/ N

fom olt2man's equation Resonator ully Pouched em

NI Pon hally Polucheci Enols
ot Nd-YA Roc
N
PwloutPut 70 W

-
e 1 Pul ecle) orhini
2) Notuue wowe torm
to Pance
w.k that aluordli ne
Wwe ensth: 1. ob Mm R-Yfior)
ner uation

RINIPLE
ek- vm atOms trom
The neocu mi
ghon h D
Comprin Nd-yA rod oPtically Pum pool
by Xenon (Yy P bn 4lash lamP
u r i ng he tangition trom

1A2 SThor) meta Stable State to grounclStete

Loser beam c waneleng n :Cla
4uaion v
velatlon
Cbnclusio)aives ui
the

stimulated
m EmnHeol
SPontaneos f (ONCTRVLTION
Petwen
md i t a *The Nc YAT Cgpial
Cut Th the
to-eiueuts
Emiscion
froportional toY>° mol tme trdls
Homof cylënclev
mnssion is to be
Here, the Spontaneous
aNe hghyPouched So a
than
PrDdommnamt
thne
more OPtically flat Polished.
Stimulated migion.

TELEGRAM: @eduengineering CHENNAI

INSTTU
DEPARTMENT OF
SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES
Subject Code/Title:PH3I51 -Engg.Physics Unit: .Oscillahons, opHcs aser

Gii Bysti mulated nssior

Cynclevical rod omda
tlash lamp ( Pumpin Soure)
TYomei4ion Arom E2 -

-E intiatod
Leads to LasAN achion, awelengtm
Kept PoYallel Omol placed (1oboo X) Laser igRt
Yhside cA Yeflector Cauity
of 1 ob am

umiHed,
Encds ofthe Caviy Colred
G) These Photons Yeblecied.
by loo . amel ertially poluche| bacte omed or tn bet weun me
miYroYS whichats a
mirror bnoerqo AmifiCatjon
Resonator PARrAL KefuetiH henu high in tene laser liqht
MRRor,
INdYAU Kod.
mi He throush Poatially
FLAHLAMP
LACEN Poicheol mirobrs .
RerreuIH liPtica Cowity RADIATIoN
(Advamdage
MIRRo

w.l
H1gh nmergy O/P
WORKINu){ENeRUY LEVE DiACRAM Repetition raie as Vey hugh

Popuati on inverion Cchieved

2aily
Ey
Metastde tete PPhtetions
* Used as a ramge fincden în
E A-10 millitary
Radiai ve Themcithon,
E Used for Cutinq,dilling,
Non-radiaive Tramci tion
weldi nq omd 5ur fau handening
Fo Ea
nnduhias.
( Due to abcorpHon ot ight Used for Cetavact
radiati on of awelength O72Am Suvgery
Galbladder Swge e tc
amd 0.8o Hm Nds Neodimium ln Meodi tas fie4d,
atoms owe exited fram USeel in Loy haul
me E 4, evels Commum Cotion.
Eo E
B y SPonHameous macsion AReoN D1oxIDE (c O2)LAsER
moves to
atom from E3 & Eu Lts a4our ewel Molelar
EE2 the meta steable State far
a LaseY Operates n
at ohich Populaton inverio
|Tnfrared region
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CHENNA DEPARTMENT OF
NLY SCIENCE AND HUMANITIESs
 Subject Code/Title: pH3IS- Enga Physics Unit: Oscilla ions, optics &caset

CHARECTERI`TICS BRATiONAL iODES

molecle
CO2 Moleuule i a u
necr
Four level mole ular Gas lazer
TyPe CeniYcA atom w i t n bwo
Consis4 ing o
Mixev ob Co,N ,He
Active Meelium: on etthev Gides. ît
07ygenatoms
C onsist oj 3incle pendlatt Vibrationa
ompinq MethodIn elastie atom o
atom Collicion. mode'
Resoncetor fully Polisheel ymmetric styeichng moce
Par haluy Polishe o O
Concer V Yiror

P/OP 40 w/m bokw/m

atom iS
n thig mode Car bon
Nature Pul2ed o Confinious
where tne two 0y5
Stationemy
Wave length -6m o m atom Vibrate alon6 the axic

DnuRAM Creates Stretching,

CoN He (Assymeiie t reichin mode
VacutmPomP
Nacl C
Brewsteer
windo»

CO N He 1 2 3

L
Active. mekium
Aectrode
/E n this mocde
OScil\ate. alonq the axis.but
all the Threa Octoms
fhe

KesonatoR Vibration divection o-f Carbon is

OPposite totmat of n e 6xyaen
Dc- ex itAtion

CoNSTRUTO 0 ending mocej

tube ot
LE toncists a discharge
O
Diameter 2Scm and Leng m Gm.

fHeol ingide
Ci) Co, Na ,He
threeaatoms
the t b e in the raio
l: 2 3 nthis mode all the

Yat i o. Yespeciveu1 ander5o Vibratim perpendicular

Ciii) Ditcharge ic Procluo d by Ho the bonol oxiS omal tne
Dc- exi tation. C-O)
movement of them are oppoSi te
Nacl - Windows ame Places
Iiv).Tncuned a t P.reuos ter om1e to eacn othev
r e s o n a t o r axiS.
t o the (ENERUy UEVEL DInaRAM
) n di of the tube Covere d COa Leajer Rxiteel bya
with rhaly fully Poushe
exitation
mi roYS,will act a t a Dc
ConcaVe
Yesonator.
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DEPARTMD HUMANITIES NSTITUTE
Subject Code/Title: PH3I-Engg.Physics Unit: .Oscillations, ophcs &Lasey

) The exiteol elecivons Collieled (MMerITS

ith NitoGCm moleculec by
Conctyuction i Simple
wmen N2 ot ex ited to
Me tr Stable state
* 0fe i Con tiniona

e Na
Na 2f}icem
Power
xites tme Dund very H1k D/p
ciD exited Na
Cn he in O a p o l
O/p Pw
Stte CO molecule by
n CYe aki n tne tengh,h
by
instetrc Collisions.
tuhe
N CO Co
CGin)Aue to thm Po Pulotion DeMERi1S
Jode w
nUeNS1on iu aenM eAred inthe aorbon mo no x

0ye
Fy Leve Contcuw h o t e mu

y Stimulalecl mscion
on O Pe reti n lemp.
De pends
Molectes tom. make
o
XSince it u nIR e ion it i
Trcunsition om Ey to F3 &Ez
visi ble Ati dlental
whicn Cohevent o r Ceuue Sumne
hYDuch a

xposure
beam c Wave lengtn loum mel
Sene clamaçe
a6 m mitleol Ycspeetively

in the R Yegion .

APPICATlOnNS

( Tangran E E wiclece usecl i n M a i e i a l

clu to Photestiny weldinclilline CuHing
3 E happens
Mcsh Collica Coldevinq
Vi)tinaly
helum he to Useel for Open airOmmum c
CALsthon tne heat om Co
*Uce in remo
te Senci nq
to Come to ounod Ctate Eo tis din the
ntevatume celis m
ve ameh
- TVeaNe memt
0.b m

q.6um
ame blooc
MicrD fy
P ah°oh,

TELEGRAM: @eduengineering RENNAI

ICNLy
DEPARTMENT OF
SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES
 Subject Code/Title: pH3is1-Engg.Physics Unit: m Bcillahions, ophcS & aseY

Soltd -state semiconductor Dfode Forwand iain 9ven hoough

lase elechod es
tornm
most Co
ap a ct the end baces P-njunction
o-f oll ase aAL weu peiuh odd wtud aca as

also Calledl injec t o an Optical rerevoator.

*The civcut
Tt i broasly elawihed fint two infos ward biaed
AS sho wn
ypes, Jm
ene 9 e vel

) HomuJun ctuw dioosam ele cheu and hrtes ove îiecte

b)Heteo Fun etem fntofunction Tequm

Tne
Juncten e combine
asae no o eleckouhoter
arge
wHh each Otther
Specialy fabi cat ed pue to Huis photena oh h9 eni tted
PN Juncten diode hi 9et amplih ed y h e polshel
PTnd ple Side diode
when he dede he More the
PN Jun cton biaung voltage
recombindore the emiss ion
owarded biased, due to o Photons are
persi ble
elecheu aud hole i n t adiatèu

| mited In direct band gP

Semi condutor ino wn as re com binaton P-tyPe
Cond p chen
aser
adiaten P- n Junrten band
N-typ
phot
(h) hersgy level Diayram
>hole Eee elec o n
Vaen
bono

Contueo BandaapP
hotes
*P-tyPe and
n-type SemitonductoAdv 9
COmbfned to torm p-n junctwn
o Smal and
tompae t
two elechodes Conneeted en Highy elkuent
Onerated witm lesspow e Conpared t
and bettom side. thes as ens
F0utnut is con Knuus þuliud
TELEGRAM: @eduengineeringDEPARTIME INSTITU1e
ECHNOLOeY
A
SCIENCE AND HUMANITIESs
 Subject Code/Title: PH3IS Eraa Physics Unit:-Oscillahons, ophcs &LaseY

D adutage wekinD
output has laqe diverqence
sta bi t g wh em he layeu are fovuward
poo Cohemen e and
buas edl elechon and
age no o
Prcatn
we2d
heles Ame recombined.
b e s ontic CommLiCarta
ued Recombinati ou oroduco Jaqe
prtntes ye D playen oulput phoo ne
Heteo juncto Lasey he biasing voltage a
Tn thi, p- Juncteu
b mere than ou n-type
hovmeddivecty
and
Portional Eo He emisso

elechens
P-type materta
phe to nu rehlect ed by the
rle peiuhed ends and ge ampli h'ed
when the
P Junction diode A Conereut beam
o auer o
Hor uwarded bas ed waveleng h
the eleckpns and fooo A emesqes.
htes recombine to
roduce photm.
nstuteu: Band

p-tu p e E Uod
P-type pho ton
P-type
Ptype
N-ype (Advontaqes
*TE Pmdue
Continu ous uave fosm

Th-ree P-type ay eu Qnd two

*output powea vey igh
n-type Jayens COmbine to form ad vaustage
- Juncti on. *ve dif hcul to fosm jun ctiom
Hene he P laye in the cost ve high
Junctlon act Cu acti ve reqion

Tu Sand wrched placed un

*Ve olificult to foTm juneti en
bebwe wo elec hodes *Cost
vesy hgh
Forw ard bra ed g ven

End
haces are potu hed.

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DEPARTMENT OF ScIENCE AND HUMANITIES
Subject Code/Title: PH 3151 -Engg.Physies Unit: Oscillaions, ophes &asey

ASXpPCAT OLACeE LACCR CUTTING

SURFACE ALLOYING :) he Priniple o taer Cuting

meanc ThaA fhere
is The Va Pori2ahon of the
is Contwlled mel tins of wortt material at a point of focus

ob wovl Piece Surfaa

to
to othe beam, The VaPori zed
Le riU Au Yemoved wi tn the
sIYe depth with Simulna
helpof aa Aet.
addroh oPowlereol clloying POf OJtcan be done a t roo m lemP

lement CuHing Speech is Verm hih

Heatinç ond Cooung ane Sovapjd.
AseR CLADINa
MiRRoR

n thi the lauer bea -LAtRBtnM,

melti a tmn Layer ot NS

Tis wil mxes - ChAS
hor Piee
with theisuid Clad ding >Noz2E

weldi n MeTAL E
loy CuHiry npl
dilin
J.ASeR Bean Alloyijons
-> Coatinh

CAceRweLpIN4
weldiy is joinine t two )
o7 more metal piezes in to

aSing1e into Singie Dnit

I n Laur welding the beam
heads hne gdges of tme two

Plates to theY meltin Point

and Caun them to qure togenev
-lenu No Porcibi Vhes of
mpuities, weldiry rale is i b
i m l a r metals Cem he
wet deo
TELEGRAM: @eduengineering CHENNAI DEPARTMENT OF
NUNOLOO SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES
Subject Code/Title: PH 3151-Engg-phy Unit: Osci llalionS,opHcS Lase

Hhe pasha p moveS

(Oscillahons Ihen

asound the ie, fhen Hhe foot

Equahon foy
a
Dfferenhal VibYates
he peypemcdiculay A
HaYmonic Moion o
Simpla fuy tRoy
Along Ihe dia mo rey y
De finihon .of SHM
A mohon Of he pashco P
Moti on IS fhe
Simplo Haymonic
Tha motion oj
fhe m n , han
Ahe motion in hich
also periodiC (Ce) tha
Darh cle
body 1S
acCeloTO Hon of a
tho SCMO tIMo to Vi brase
tho oitl tate
dixect9 PDPoy honal t between tha Points Yand Y
isp a o mont onm afied
a nd IS always dnected I f h e parthcte PComplotos
Pont
towaY ds the x ed POnt Coy)
One Yewoluhen, Ron the foot of
|equi ibrium Poshon. Ona
Complote
the w
ScillaHn.
Veshcle
Eivahon
D P acemerit d i L t a n ca O
of vibrohng Thus the
Tho di8placomant
of he
di8place ment
payticlo at any instant ISdofned eyme d as

and S de noted b
distanCe moved by he parhcle
as thee
pahcle from ts maan PoSIHon I o)er
moves jrom
of Yest Tfthe payhcle
uS ConSI ceY parhca P to P t Se ton ds, han ha
of
between PoX S
Path of iven
movin n a CYCulay angle
wi th unijovm Veloci l Om
Yadius A'
Veloci ty C, with Sn-eOY Sn tot
and angulaY
contre of ha Crle = cot
Yespect to the LPOX =
Po =

O as Sho wn m f -
of Yeferena AaPO
A wE
Sin
Sin e Or) OP

A onc OP A

T2 Sin cot

ASin wt D
displace ment
A This eRn Yespresents
y'
ovibraing pahcle
TELEGRAM: @eduengineering SHENNAI DEPARTMENT OF
SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES
ECHNOTOCY
Subjeet Code/Title: PH3151-Engg-phy Unit: Os cillalionis, optics LaseY

Velociy
Velocity of he Vibyahng

le finod he
ic ag

Yale of cAange of eplaornenl

.Velo ly (o dy
dt

Substihule eqn m egn3) e get

dCAsinGut)
de

A o coscot 4
Ts ean NcepYe3ents the Veloci
Parhcle
o h a vibYahng

iiDAcCeleyahen
AcceeYahon

cle ' s dafinod

Vibrang path

as the Yate of change of

Velo ci ty
'.Accelorahon

Subshtuhng e en
Acceleiation CA w coswt)
dE

da = A w(-cosinwE}

dt
-
A s i n wt
=

da -

eRn aspYeSenis he

accele ahon of vibyatina

pAh cle

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