SARADi

git
al

Lect
ure-
2/08/
04/
2020
Di
mensi
onalAnal
ysi
s

Dimensionalfor
mulaofaphysi
cal
quanti
tyi
sobt
ainedwhenthesymbolsof
fundamentaluni
tsar
erepl
acedbythesy
mbolsofcorr
espondi
ngfundament
al
quanti
ti
es,f
orexample

Der
iveduni
toff
orce=kg.
m.s-2

Di
mensi
onal
for
mul
aoff
or MLT-2]
ce=[

DimensionsofaPhysi
calquant
it
yarethepowersoff
undamental
quant
it
iesthatappear
i
nt hedimensi
onal
formul
aofaphy si
calquant
it
y.Asi
ntheabov
equanti
ty-
dimensions
offorceare1inmass,
1inlengt
hand-2intime.

Pr
inci
pleofHomogenei
tyofdi
mensi
ons:

Accordi
ngtothisonlyl
ikequant
it
ies(i
.e.
hav
ingsamedi
mensi
ons)canbeadded,
subt
ractedorequated.

Appl
icat
ionsofdi
mensi
onalAnal
ysi
s:

1.
ToCov
ertf
rom onesy
stem ofuni
tint
oanot
her
:APhy
sical
quant
it
ycanhav
edi
ff
erent
unit
sbutithasauni
quedi
mensi
onal
for
mul
ather
efor
etheamountofaquant
it
yis
expressedas

Q=n1u1=n2u2

wher
en1andn2ar
euni
tsofagi
venquant
it
yint
wodi
ff
erentsy
stemsofuni
ts.

Lett
hedi
mensi
onal
for
mul
aoft
hegi
venquant
it MaLbTc]t
ybe[ hen

Wecanwr
it
e

Ma₁
n1[ Lb₁
Tc₁ Ma₂
]=n2[ Lb₂
Tc₂
]
WhereM₁,
L₁,
T₁andM₂
,L₂
,T₂ar
euni
tsofmass,
l
engt
handt
imei
nthet
wodi
ff
erent
sy
stemsofunit
s.

Fur
ther Ma₁
, n2= n1[ Lb₁
Tc₁
]/Ma₂
[ Lb₂
Tc₂
]
a b C
or n2 =n1[
M1/
M2][
L1/
L2][
T1/
T2]

e:Conv
Exampl ert10Nf
orcei
ntody
ne.
n
Sol-Her
e

n1=10 n2=?

Q=For
ce,
soa=1,
b=1,
C=-
2and

M1=1kg,
L1=1m,
T1=1s.M2=1g,
L2=1c.
m,T2=1s.

as
a b C
n2 =n1[
M1/
M2][
L1/
L2][
T1/
T2]

Nowput
ti
ngt
hev
aluesweget

n2=10[
1kg/
1g]
[1m/
1cm]
[1s/
1s]

or
,n2=10[
1000g/
1g]
[100cm/
1cm]
[1]

or
,n2=10[
1000]
[100]
[1]

or
,n2=10×105

f
inal
l
y,weget

10N=106dy
ne. Ans.

Quest
ions

1.
Conv
ert20Joul
eener
gyi
ntoEr
g.

2.
Conv er
t50Wat
tpoweri
ntoasy
stem i
nwhi
chuni
tofmassi
s200g,
uni
tofl
engt
his
25cm anduni
tofti
meis10s.

3.Acal
ori
eisauni
tofheatorener
gyandi
tequal
sabout4. e1J=1kgm2s-2
2Jwher

Supposeweempl
oyasy
stem ofuni
tsi
nwhi
cht
heuni
tofmassequal
sαkg,
theuni
t

ofl
engt
hequal
sβm,
theuni
toft
imei
sγs.Showt
hatacal
ori
ehasamagni
tude4.
2
α⁻
¹β⁻
²γ²
int
ermsoft
henewuni
ts.

2.
Tocheckt
hev
ali
dit
yofagi
venPhy
sicalRel
aton:
i I
nav
ali
dphy
sical
rel
ati
ont
he
di
mensi
onsont
heLHSandRHSmustbet
hesame.

e:Che
Exampl ckt
hev
ali
dit
yoft
hef
oll
owi
ngr
elat
ion,
whi
chst
atest
hatt
het
imeper
iodof
asi
mpl
ependul
um i
sgi
venbyT=2π√(
g/l
).
n
Sol-I
nthegi
venr
elat
iont
hedi
mensi
onsi
ntheLHSar
e[M0L0T1]
-
2 -
1
andi
ntheRHSt
hedi
mensi
onsar
e√(
LT /
L)=T

weseethatt
hedi
mensi
onsi
ntheLHSandRHSar
entequal
,ther
efor
e,t
hegi
venr
elat
ion
i
sinv
ali
d.

Quest
ions:

1.
Checkt
hedi
mensi
onal
val
i
dit
yoft
hef
oll
owi
ngr
elat
ions-

a.Speedoft
ransv
ersewav einastr
etchdwir
eisgi
venbyv
=√(
T/m)
,wher
eTi
stensi
on
andm ismassperuni
tlengthofthewire.

b.
Thespeedoflongi
tudi
nalwavesi
namedi
um i
sgi
venbyv
=√(
d/p)
,wher
edi
sdensi
ty
oft
hemedium andPi spr
essur
e.

2.
Ift
hef
oll
owi
ngr
elat
ioni
sav
ali
drel
ati
ont
henf
indt
hedi
mensi
onsofK

Pr
essur
e=K(
for
ce×densi
ty/
frequency
)
2
3.
Ifv
=a+bt-
ct ,wher
ev=speed,
T=t
imeanda,
b,
Car
econst
ant
sthenf
indt
he
2
di
mensi
onalformul
aof(a×b/
c)

4.I
fF=a+(
bt/c+x2)
,whereF=f
orce,
T=t
ime,
x=l
engt
h,anda,
b,
car
econst
ant
sthenf
ind
thedi
mensionsofa,bandc.
2
5.
TheNewton'
slawofuni
versalgr
avi
tat
ioni
sgivenbyF=G(M1M2/
r ),
wher
ethe
sy
mbolshaveusual
meaning.Fi
ndthedi
mensionalf
ormul
aofG.

6.TheVander
wall
'
sgasequat
ioni
sgi
venby( V2)
P+a/ (V-
b)=nRT,
fi
ndt
hedi
mensi
onsof
theconst
antsaandb.

7.Theenergyofaphot
oni
sgiv
enbyE=hυ,wher
eE=ener
gy,
υ=f
requencyandh=Pl
ank'
s
constant
.Fi
ndthedi
mensi
onsofPl
ank'
sconst
ant.
3.
Toest
abl
ishr
elat
ionbet
weenPhy
sicalQuant
it
ies:

Thi
sisal
sobaseduponpr
inci
pleofhomgeni
tyofdi
mensi
ons.

Exampl e-I
faparti
clemovedonacircul
arpat
hwithconst
antspeedtheanetforce
cal
ledcet ri
pet
alforceact
suponit
,towardst
hecentr
eofthecir
cularpat
h.Fi
ndt he
expressionforcetr
ipet
alf
orcei
ntermsofmassifthepart
icl
e,i
t'
sspeedandr adiusof
i
t'
sci r
cularpath.
n
Sol-Lett
hecet
ri
pet
alf
orcei
sgi
venby

F=kmav
bc
r,

wher
eki
sadi
mensi
onl
essconst
antandot
hersy
mbol
shav
eusual
meani
ng.

Now,
wri
ti
ngt
hedi
mensi
onsoft
hequant
it
iesi
ntheLHSandRHSwehav
e

MLT-2]
[ =[ a
M]LT-1]
[ b c
[
L]

or
,. MLT-2]
[ =[MaLb+cT-b]

Compar
ingpower
sofM,
LandTi
nbot
hsi
deswegetf
oll
owi
ngequat
ions

a=1 b+c=1 -
b=-
2

Sol
vi
ngabov
eequat
ionswegeta=1,
b=2,
c=-
1

Thus

F=kmv2/
rAns.

Quest
ions:

1.Ki
net
icener
gyofabodydependsuponit
'smassandspeed,
usi
ngdi
mensi
onsf
indt
he
expr
essi
onfortheki
net
icener
gyofthebody.

2.Accor
dingt
oDeBrogli
ethewav el
engt
hofamasspart
icl
edependsuponi
t'
smass,
speedandPlank'
sconst
ant,usi
ngdimensi
onsshowt
hatλ=h/
mv .

3.Supposepr
essur
e,densi
tyandfr
equencybefundament
alquanti
ti
esinasy
stem of
unit
sthenfi
ndthedimensional
for
mulaoflengt
hinthi
ssystem ofuni
ts.

4.
IfPl
ank'sconst
ant
,speedofli
ghtandUni
ver
sal
Gravi
tat
ional
constantbefundament
al
quant
it
iesthenfi
ndt
hedi mensi
onalfor
mul
aof(i
)mass,
(i
i)l
engthand(ii
i
)ti
me.
By
-Sushi
lTi
war
i

HOD,
Phy
sics

SARA