GROUP 4

CORUÑA, HILARY P.
GUNHURAN, ARWAH K.
HERBOLINGO, ERIC O.
SANTIAGO, LYSA JOY V.
Is the process of sperm cell development.
Wherein immature sperm cells undergoes
successive mitotic and meiotic divisions
(spermatocytogenesis) and metamorphic change
(spermiogenesis) to produce spermatozoa.
Sperm production takes place inside
the seminiferous tubules

Seminiferous tubules are located

within the testes, it contains the
supporting cells, or the Sertoli cells
which are essential in the formation
of testis and spermatogenesis.
Sertoli cells protect germ cells by a
blood-testis barrier. Sertoli cells are
called “nurse cell” where new
formed sperm cell are attached.
IMPORTANCE OF SERTOLI CELLS

• Sertoli cells are body or somatic cells of the testes.

• Essential in the formation of testes and in the process of spermatogenesis.
• It facilitates in the progression of germ cells to spermatozoa by having direct contact.
• It also plays in the production of substances such as inhibin, activin, and nutrients that supports
the sperm production.
• And lastly, it also forms blood testis barriers that protects developing sperm from other body
toxins.
 • TUNICA ALBUGINEA – connective tissues
that envelops the testes and continuous
connective tissue inside the testes.

• MESORCHIUM – part of the peritoneum that

attaches the testes to the dorsal portion of
the body wall.
 • SPERMATOGONIA – have closely
arranged nuclei near the basement
membrane.

• SPERMATOCYST – also called cell nest or follicular cyst.

These are cluster of cells at the same stage of development,
they are surrounded with somatic cells (a single cell nest
comes from a primary spermatogonium and a follicle cell.
• PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTE – large cells with
vesicular nucleus
• SECONDARY SPERMATOCYTE – almost half the
size of the primary spermatocyte; this has dark
nucleus and near lumen of the tubule.
• SPERMATID – small cells that look like cluster of
granules.

• SPERM – elongated cell (0.3mm) with dark sharp

nucleus, acrosome, middle piece and flagellum.
• INTERSTITIAL CELL - small cell found at the
intertubular connective tissue.

• RETE TUBULE – small tube with cuboidal

epithelium; sperm passage.

• EGG – can be seen in the ovotestes that is

sometimes formed in frogs.
microscopic view
Phase 1. Spermatocytogenesis
It involves stem cells dividing to replace themselves and to produce a
population of cells destined to become mature sperm. It is where one
(1) germ cell divides into four (4) precursor gametes called spermatids
which are immature sperms.

Phase 2. Spermiogenesis (has no cell division)

It is the process by which haploid round spermatids complete series of
events to become spermatozoa capable of making movement. It is
where immature sperms or spermatids undergoes process of
maturation and differentiation to form mature sperm cells.
Are immature sperm cells incapable of fertilization. It contains numerous cell
bodies like GOLGI BODY, CENTRIOLES, AND MITOCHONDRIA .
Phase 1. Golgi Phase
Golgi body enzymes forms the acrosome.
Phase 2. Acrosomal Phase
Acrosome condenses around the nucleus.
Phase 3. Tail Phase
Centriole elongates to form the tail.

Phase 4. Maturation Phase

Loss of excess cytoplasm.
Phase 1.
Spermatocytogenesis

Phase 2.
Spermiogenesis (has
no cell division)
• The tip of the sperm head is the portion called the acrosome, which enables
the sperm to penetrate the egg.
• The midpiece contains the mitochondria which supplies the energy the tail
needs to move.
• The tail moves with whip-like movements back and forth to propel the sperm
towards the egg.
• The nucleus is the only part of the sperm cell that enters into the egg cell. It
is the important part of the spermatozoon.
• The plasma membrane surrounds the acrosome and nucleus to separate
them from the rest of the sperm body.
• The mitochondria provide the sperm with the energy needed by the tail to
allow it to swim in the female reproductive tract.
• The flagellum is a long structure which main function is to allow the sperm
motility.
• The Centriole links the head and tail.

Mature Sperm are still non motile. when it is released in the lumen of seminiferous
tubules through the process of spermiation, it is where sperms stay for a few days
in the epididymis to gain motility and is now capable of fertilization.
GROUP 4
CORUÑA, HILARY P.
GUNHURAN, ARWAH K.
HERBOLINGO, ERIC O.
SANTIAGO, LYSA JOY V.