WHAT IS

PHYSICS?
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Physics is the study of matter and energy as
well as phenomenon happening around us.
CHAPTER 1
MEASUREMENT
1.1 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
• The correct measurement is an important
aspect in Physics field.
• Measurement is a method to determine the
value of a physical quantity.
• Physical quantities consist of base
quantities and derived quantities.
• Physical quantities must be stated in
magnitude and unit.
 BASE QUANTITIES
Base quantity is a physical quantity which cannot be
derived from other physical quantities.
 DERIVED QUANTITIES
Derived quantities are physical quantities derived from the
combinations of base quantities through multiplication or
division or both operations.
Physical quantities can also
be classified into scalar
quantities and vector
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quantities.
QUESTIONS

1. What is the difference between scalar and vector quantities?

2. Give three examples of base quantities.

3. State the definition of measurement.

 TUGASAN 1
Classify the following physical quantities into vector and scalar quantities.
Scalar quantities Vector quantities
 TUGASAN 2
Which of the following physical quantities is not a base quantity?

A. Pressure
B. Mass
C. Time
D. Length
1.2 SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION
• Graph is a tool used to represent the relationship
between two variables.
• In an experiment, graphs are plotted to see how
a responding variable changes with a
manipulated variable.
ANALYSING GRAPHS TO SUMMARISE AN INVESTIGATION

Determine the Determine area

State the relationship
physical quantity that under the graph
between two
represented by the that represents a
variables given.
gradient of graph. physical quantity.

Determine the value Make prediction

of physical quantity through
from interpolation. extrapolation.
CONTOH 1
a)What are the values of gas volume when the temperature are at 25°C and 115°C?
Based on the graph above,
When the temperature is 25°C, the volume is 46cm³.
When the temperature is 115°C, the volume is 60cm³.

b)What is the temperature of the gas when its volume is zero?

From the graph above, we can determine the value of gas at certain temperatures by
drawing an extrapolation line on the graph.
When the volume is 0cm³, the temperature is -260°C.

c)What is the volume of the gas when its temperature is zero?

From the graph above, the volume of gas can be determined by looking at the y-intercept.
When the temperature is 0°C, the volume is 42cm³.
CONTOH 2
CONTOH 3
 SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION &
COMPLETE REPORT EXPERIMENT
• A scientific investigation begins by observing situation.
• Based on the observation of the situation, an inference is
made and a few questions are suggested.
• One of those questions will lead to the process of
scientific investigation.
• After making an inference, an experiment need to be
carried out after the proper planning of the experiment
has been decided.
 SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION &
COMPLETE REPORT EXPERIMENT
The steps involved in designing and carrying out an experiment are:
1. State the aim of experiment.
2. List the manipulated variables, responding variables, and constant/
fixed variables.
3. List the apparatus and materials.
4. Draw the arrangement of the apparatus.
5. Write the procedure used in the experiment including the method to
control and measure the variables.
6. Collect and tabulate the data.
7. Analyse the data (using graphs).
8. Draw a conclusion.
Remember…
Safety First!
CIKGU FAHIRAH