Communication Strategies

For our first item on the

agenda, let's talk about the
budget for the council.
Nomination
Nomination is a communicative strategy
where one speaker introduces a topic to
be talked about. Nomination is also a
strategy that one uses when they want to
continue an interaction.

Restriction Please identify three possible

problems with implementing
the project.

Restriction is a communication strategy

where responses are limited or restricted
according to a set standard. Restriction
allows the conversation to be specific and
focused.

Should we add another

activity to the program?
What do you think, Rosa? Turn-Taking
Turn-taking is a communication strategy
where one speaker knows when to stop
talking and gives the other speaker the
chance to talk about the topic.

Topic Control Let's focus first on our first

agenda before we talk about
that.

Topic control refers to a communication

strategy where one speaker leads the
conversation by asking questions. This
strategy keeps the communication flowing
without moving away from the topic.

The game is a great idea;

what about inviting a
speaker?
Topic Shifting
Topic shifting is a communication strategy
that is appropriate for introducing a new
topic; this is where the speaker
intentionally or unintentionally changes the
topic.

Repair I would like to clarify that the

meeting of the organization
is on Monday afternoon.

When communication breaks down, one

can use repair as a communication
strategy because it fixes or resolves what
has been broken down by clarification and
repetition.

I think that would be all. If

you have any questions, feel
free to drop me an e-mail.
Termination
Termination is a communication approach
in which both speakers agree to conclude
the conversation with verbal or nonverbal
signals. Sometimes the termination is fast
and brief.
 O I M P R O V E
4 WAYS T

COMM U N I C A T I O N
SKILLS
1 Active
Listening

Truly listening to
someone, Then
repeating main point
of the conversation.

2 Empathy

To understand
the feelings of the
speaker and others.

3 Take notes

To ensure nothing
is forgotten or
miscommunicated.

4 Practice!

Every skill
need practice.
You can do it!

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 PUBLIC
speaking
TIPS

EXPRESS YOURSELF SIMPLY

If you cannot decide in a couple of sentences the point 1
you propose to communicate, then your speech is not well
defined.

GET ORGANIZED
2 Plan the introduction, the main points to be presented
and the conclusion.

BE BRIEF
The optimal duration of the presentations should be, at 3
most, 12 to 15 minutes. Avoid speeches that are too
long and "rollers".

OWN THE SITUATION

4 In the first moments of a speech, the link between the
public and the speaker is established.

DON'T READ, TALK

Spontaneous expression may not be as polished, but it's
5
definitely better.

BREATHE WELL
Do not inhale deeply and forcefully, do not breathe

6 faster than normal, you can hyperventilate.

 COORDINATING
CONJUNCTIONS
Coordinating conjunctions connect two or more words, phrases or clauses of equal syntactic
importance. There are 7 coordinators in English, and they can be easily remembered using the
mnemonic acronym FANBOYS.

F FOR REASON

I sat down, for I needed to rest after the walk.

A AND ADDITION

I will water the plants and do the dishes.

N NOR NEGATIVE
ADDITION

I haven't seen her, nor have I spoken to her yet.

B BUT CONTRADICTION

I work early tomorrow, but I can stay 5 minutes.

O OR OPTION

We could go or we could wait for the next bus.

Y YET CONTRADICTION

I knew we would fail, yet we gave it a try.

S SO CONSEQUENCE

I was worried about him, so I called him.

 Oral Communication 11

The Elements of
Communication

The Sender
The process of communication is started
by the sender. When the sender has
chosen a meaning, they encrypt the
message and choose a channel to send it
through to the recipient.

The Receiver
The process of communication is started by
the sender. When the sender has chosen a
meaning, they encrypt the message and
choose a channel to send it through to the
recipient.

The Channel
A message can be delivered to its target
audience using a communication channel.
Examples of communication channels
include phone calls, text messages, emails,
videos, radio, and social media.

The Medium
A medium is a system of communication
used in the communication process. It is
the method by which the message is
delivered between the sender and the
receiver.

The Noise
In communication, noise is anything that
stops a receiver from fully comprehending
a message. Noise can be both external and
internal, and it can disrupt
communication at any time.

The Feedback
The reaction or response of the
receiver is called feedback. It provides
insight into how the receiver
interprets and understands the
message of the sender.

The Context
Context is a collection of observable
conditions that both the sender and the
receiver can use to associate the same
elements with a specific message.
 HOW TO BE A GOOD
PUBLIC SPEAKER
Public speaking is an important skill in our everyday life. Here's
a guide on how to speak well in public.

01
PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
"Practice makes perfect!" is a sentence that we
use for a reason. Without practice, you will never
be a confident, compelling speaker.

AUDIENCE ENGAGEMENT

02 When you're speaking, try to create an

opportunity to engage your audience. As a result,
you'll feel less isolated as a speaker, and everyone
will be engaged in your message.

03
BODY LANGUAGE
Pay attention to your body language: stand tall, take
deep breaths, smile, and look people in the eye.
Don't stand on one leg or make unnatural gestures.

04
POSITIVE THINKING
Positive thinking can make a huge difference to the
success of your communication. To boost your
confidence, use affirmations and visualization.

COPE WITH NERVES

05
Because crowds are more intimidating than
individuals, consider your speech to be a one-on-
one conversation. Cope with your nerve, Take
deep breaths from your belly, hold each one for
several seconds, and let it out slowly.

06
RECORD YOUR SPEECHES
Record your presentations and speeches
whenever possible. By watching yourself, you can
work on areas where you don't do so well.

It can help you get a job or a promotion, raise awareness for your team or
organization and educate others if you're able to speak well in public.
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