Probability

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 n(s) = 8
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
Three coins are tossed together is equivalent to one
Permutation : coin is tossed thrice.
If we are given ’n’ objects and we have to chose ‘r’ iv) If two dice are thrown together then
out of them and if order of choice is important, then such a
choice is called as ‘Permutation’ of ‘n’ objects taken ‘r’
S mb
11 gb gb gb gb gb g
, , 1,2 , 1,3 , 1,4 , 1,5 , 1,6 ,
at a time. b gb gb gb gb gb g
2,1 , 2,2 , 2,3 , 2,4 , 2,5 , 2,6 ,

It is denoted by nPr , where Pr 

n! b gb gb gb gb gb g
3,1 , 3,2 , 3,3 , 3,4 , 3,5 , 3,6 ,
b gb gb gb gb gb g
n

( n  r )! 4,1 , 4,2 , 4,3 , 4,4 , 4,5 , 4,6 ,

b gb gb gb gb gb g

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Combination : 5,1 , 5,2 , 5,3 , 5,4 , 5,5 , 5,6 ,
If we are given ‘n’ objects and we have to chose ‘r’ b gb gb gb gb g b gr
6,1 , 6,2 , 6,3 , 6,4 , 6,5 , 6,6 ,
out of them and if order of choice is not important, then
such a choice is called as ‘Combination of ‘n’ objects Event :
taken ‘r’ at a time and it is denoted by nCr, If ‘S’ is the sample space of any experiment then, some
happening is the subset of sample space ‘S’ and it is called
n!
where , C r 
n
as ‘Event’.
r !( n  r )! Generally events are denoted by A, B, C, …… etc.
Probability : and number of elements of that events are denoted by
The chance of getting something or the chance of obtain- n(A), n(B), n(C) ….. etc.
ing something is called as Probability. e.g. Consider throwing a cubic die, then sample space S is
Random Experiment or Trial : bg
S { 1,2,3,4,5,6}  n s  6
Any action which gives one or more than one results is i) Let A is the event that only odd no. are obtained then
called as ‘Random Experiment or Trial’. A { 1, 3, 5}  n(A) = 3
e.g. Tossing a coin, Throwing a cubic die. ii) Let B is event that, numbers are divisible by two, then
B { 2, 4, 6}  n(B) = 3
Out Come of an Experiment :
iii) Let C is the event that prime numbers are obtained,
Every result of an random experiment or a trial is called
as outcome of that experiment or trial. l q
then  C  2,3,5 bg
n C  3
e.g. Simple or Elementary Event :
i) Tossing a coin, possible outcomes are If n (A) = 1 then A is called as Elementary Event.
Head (H) , Tail (T). e.g. If a die is thrown then sample space S is
ii) Throwing a cubic die possible outcomes are
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
l
S  1,2,3,4,5,6 q
Let A is the event that die shows an even prime
Sample Space : number
Set of all possible outcomes of random experiment or
trial is called as ‘Sample Space’ of that experiment or
A  2 lq
as n (A) = 1
trial. Sample space is denoted by ‘S’. Total elements of
 A is simple or elementary event.
sample space are denoted by n(s).
e.g. Impossible Event :
i) Tossing a coin, then If n(A) = 0 then A is called as Impossible Event.
S { H , T }  n(s) = 2 e.g. If a die is thrown then sample space S is
ii) Throwing a cubic die, then
S  {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}  n(s) = 6.
l
S  1,2,3,4,5,6 q
iii) Two coins are tossed together or one coin is tossed Let C is the event that die shows number greater
twice, then than 6.
S  {HH, HT, TH, TT}, n(s) = 4. C  lq 
iii) Three coins are tossed together or one coin is tossed i.e. n (C) = 0
trice, then  C is an impossible event.
S HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, TTH, THT, HTT, TTT}
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Sure or Certain Event : Denomination :
If n (A) = n(S) then A is called as Sure or Certain Each denomination contains heart, diamond, spade and
Event. club i.e. 4 cards. There are 13 denominations.
e.g. A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52
cards Classical Definition of Probability :
bg
 n s  52 If ‘S’ is the finite sample space of any experiment or
trial and every outcome of ‘S’ is equally likely, if ‘A’ is the
Let B is the event that card is either red or black
event of ‘S’ then, probability that ‘A’ takes place or ‘A’
 n(B) = 52
as n(B) = n(S) happens is given by ,
 B is called as sure event. n( A )
P( A ) 
n(S)

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v) Equally likely Events :
No. of outcomesfavourable toA
The events which have equal preferences are called as  P( A ) 
Equally Likely Events, Total no. of outcomesof trial
If we toss a coin then Head and Tail are equally likely Note :
events.  If n(A) =1, then A is called as “Simple event or
Elementary Event”.
PLAYING CARDS  If n(A) = 0 , then A is called as “Impossible Event”.
A well shuffled pack of playing cards contains 52 playing and P(A) = 0
cards.  If n(A) = n(S), then A is called as “Certain Event or
Pack of 52
Sure Event” and P(A) = 1.
playing cards
Theorem :
If E is an event of sample space S then

Red Cards 26 26 Black Cards

af
0  P E  1.
Theorem :
ch
If E is an event of sample space S and E' E is
event that E does not take place i.e. complemen-
   
tary event then prove that PaE' f  1  PaE f
Hearts Diamonds Spades Clubs
i) Union of two events :
13 13 13 13 If A and B are any two events in sample space ‘S’,
then the event A  B i.e. ( A or B ) is the event that
Suits : In a pack of 52 playing cards there are four suits. either A or B or both A and B takes places.
i.e. suits of spades, hearts, diamonds and clubs. Each suits
contains 13 cards. ii) Intersection of Two events :
Face Cards or Court cards : If A and B are two events in sample space S then, the
The cards bearing pictures on it are called as Face Cards event A  B i.e. (A & B) is the event that both A and
or Court Cards. B takes place.
There are 12 face or court cards in the pack of 52 playing iii) Mutually Exclusive Events :
cards. If A and B are any two sets of sample S and if A  B
i.e. 4 Kings + 4 Queens + 4 Jacks is null set, then A and B are called as ‘Mutually exclu-
sive events’.
Ace cards : i.e. if n( A  B) = 0 then, A and B are called as
The cards having numbers 1 (one) on it are called as ‘Mutually exclusive events’ i.e. A  B  
‘Ace Cards’. There are total four Ace Cards in a pack of  For mutually exclusive events, P(AB)=0
52 playing cards.  If A & B are mutually exclusive events then
Honour cards : P(A  B)  P(A )  P( B)
In a pack of 52 playing cards there are 16 honour  If A, B & C are mutually exclusive events then
cards i.e. 4 ace + 4 kings + 4 queens + 4 jacks. P( A  B  C)  P( A )  P(B)  P(C)

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iv) Exhaustive Events iii) C is the event of geeting a tail and a perfect square.
If A and B are any two events in sample space S and  C  {T1, T4}  n (C) = 2
if n(AB) = n(S), then A and B are called as 4) Divija and Samrudhi who live in Mumbai wish to go
‘Exhaustive Events’. i.e. A  B  S on a holiday to Delhi together. They can travel to Delhi
For Exhaustive events, P( AB)=1 from Mumbai either by car, train or plane and after
Note : reaching Delhi they can go for city -tour either by bus
Events A and A’ are mutually exclusive as well as exhaus- or taxi. Describe the sample space, showing all the
tive events, where A and A’ are complementary events of combined outcomes of different ways they could com-
each other. plete city - tour from Mumbai ?
Sample Space : Solution : The sample space is :
S  {(car, bus), (car, train), (train, bus), (train, taxi),

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1) Write a sample space when a coin and a die is thrown
simultaneously. (plane, bus), (plane, taxi)}  n (S) = 6.
Solution : 5) In a bag there are 3 balls; one black, one red, one
As coin and die are tossed, green. Two balls are drawn one after other with re-
 S  {H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, T1, placement. Write down sample space and n(S).
T2, T3, T4, T5, T6} Solution : Black balls = 1, Red balls = 1,
n(S)  12 Green balls = 1,  total balls = 3
2) Find sample space and n(S) for the following random Let black, red and green balls are denoted by
experiment. B, R and G..
i) A coin is tossed twice. If the second throw results in a As two balls are drawn one after other with replace-
tail a die is thrown. ment,
Solution : As a coin is tossed twice, if the second throw  S  {BB, BR, BG, RB, RR, RG, GB, GR,GG}
results in a tail a die is thrown.  n (S) = 9.
 S  {H H , H T1, H T 2, HT 3, HT 4, Multiple Choice Questions
HT5, HT6, TH, TT1, TT2, TT3, TT4, TT5, TT6} Type - 1
( Algebra of events, Concept of Probabiliry )
 n(s)  14
1) A card is drawn from a well shuffled pack of cards. The
ii) A coin is tossed twice. If the second throw results in a
probability of getting a queen of club or king of heart is
head, a die is thrown, otherwise a coin is tossed.
1 1 1 2
Solution : As a coin is tossed twice if second throw re- a) b) c) d)
sults in a head, a die is thrown, otherwise a coin is 52 26 13 13
2) A number is chosen at random from first 10 natural
tossed.
numbers. The probability that number is odd and
 S  {HH1, HH2, HH3, HH4, HH5, HH6, HTH, HTT, perfect square is
TH1, TH2, TH3, TH4, TH5, TH6, TTH, TTT} 2 2 3 1
a) b) c) d)
n(S)  16 9 5 7 5
3) A coin and a die are tossed. Write down sample space 3) If there are 3 children in a family, then probability that
and following events. there is one girl in the family is
i) A : getting a head and an even number. 2 1 3 3
a) b) c) d)
ii) B : getting a prime number. 3 3 28 8
iii) C : getting a tail and perfect square. 4) There are n letters and n addressed envelopes. The
Solution : probability that all the letters are not kept in the right
As coin and die are tossed, envelope, is
 S  {H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, T1, 1 1 1 1 1 (1) n
a) b) 1  c) 1  d)   .... 
T2, T3, T4, T5, T6} n! n! n 2! 3! n!
5) Two dice are thrown.The probability that the sum of
n(S)  12
numbers appearing is more than 10, is
i) A is the event of getting head and an even number.
1 1 1 1
 A  {H2, H4, H6}  n (A) = 3. a) b) c) d)
18 12 6 36
ii) B is the event of getting prime number. 6) A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards.
 B  {H2, H3, H5, T2, T3, T5}  n (B) = 6. The probability that the drawn card is a court card
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i.e., a jack, a queen or a king, is 1 2 3 4
a) b) c) d)
3 3 4 3 5 5 5 5
a) b) c) d) 19) The probability of a sure event is
52 13 13 26
7) Three mangoes and three apples are in a box. If two 1
fruits are chosen at random, then find the probability a) 1 b) 2 c) d) 0
2
that one is a mango and other is an apple 20) If E1 , E 2 , E3 , E 4 are mutually exclusive and exhaustive
2 3 1 2 events with respective probabilities p1 , p 2 , p3 and p 4 ,
a) b) c) d)
3 5 3 15 then which of the following is possible?
8) From a group of 5 boys and 3 girls, three persons are a) p1  0.1, p 2  0.2, p3  0.3, p 4  0.4
chosen at random. Find the probabiltiy that there are
b) p1  0.25, p 2  0.35, p3  0.10, p 4  0.05
more girls than boys

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3 4 5 2 c) p1  0.4, p 2  0.2, p3  0.5, p 4  0.3
a)
8
b)
7
c)
8
d)
7 d) p1  0.6, p 2  0.3, p3  0.1, p 4  0.1
9) A single letter is selected at radom from the word 21) Three letters are written to different persons, and
“PROBABILITY”. The probability that the selected addresses on three envelopes are written. Without
letter is a vowel is looking at the letters, the probability that letters go in
2 3 4 to right envelopes is
a) b) c) d) 0 1 1 23 9
11 11 11
10) From 10,000 lottery tickets numbered from 1 to a) b) c) d)
24 6 24 2
10,000 one ticket is drawn at radom. What is the 22) The probability that an ordinary or a non-leap year
probability that the number marked on the drawn ticket has 53 sundays, is
is divisible by 20 2 1 3 4
1 1 1 1 a) b) c) d)
7 7 7 7
a) b) c) d) 23) A cricket club has 16 members out of which 6 can
100 50 20 10
11) The chance of getting a doublet with 2 dice is bowl. If a team of 11 members is selected. Find the
2 1 5 5 probability that the team will contain exactly four
a) b) c) d) bowlers
3 6 6 36
12) If E is a any event associated with an experiment, then 5 7 5 75
a) P(E)  0 b) P(E)  1 a) b) c) d)
146 1456 1456 182
c) P(E)  0 d) 0  P(E)  1 24) The chance that the vowels are separated in an
13) A fair die is tossed. If the number is even, then the arrangement of the letters of the word HORROR is
probability that it is prime is 1 2 3 3
1 1 1 1 a) b) c) d)
2 3 4 8
a) b) c) d) 25) A person draws two cards with replacement from a
2 3 4 5
14) If in a lottery there are 5 prizes and 20 blanks, then pack of 52 cards. What is the chance that he gets
the probability of getting a prize is both cards of the same suit?
1 2 4 3 1 3 1 2
a) b) c) d) a) b) c) d)
5 5 5 5 4 13 16 13
15) If A is a sure event, then the value of P(A not) is 26) From 4 children, 2 women and 4 men, 4 are selected.
a) 0 b) -1 c) 1 d) 2 Probability that there are exactly 2 children among the
16) Six dice are thrown simultaneously. The probability selected is,
that all of them show the same face, is 2 3 10 2
a) b) c) d)
1 1 1 7 7 21 10
a) 6 b) 5 c) d) 66 27) A drawer contains 5 black socks and 4 blue socks
6 6 6
well mixed. A person searches the drawer and pulls
17) For any event A
out 2 socks at random. The probability that they match
a) P(A)  P(A)  0 b) P(A)  P(A)  1 is
c) P(A)  1 d) P(A)  1
5 4 5 41
18) A die is thrown twice and sum is observed to be 6. a) b) c) d)
The probability that 4 has apperaed atleast once is 8 9 9 81
28) An organization consists of 25 members including 4
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doctors. A committee of 4 is to be formed at radom. 142 144 143 1
The probability that the committee contains at least 3 a) b) c) d)
145 145 145 145
doctors is 38) A coin is tossed once. If a head comes up, then it is
17 4 1 1 tossed again and if a tailcomes up, a dice is thrown.
a) b) c) d) Number of points in sample space of experiment is
2530 2300 12640 2300
29) Five persons entered the lift cabin on the ground floor a) 24 b) 12 c) 4 d) 8
of an 8-floor house. Suppose that each of them 39) In shuffling a pack of playing cards, four cards are
independently and with equal probability can leave the accidently dropped. The probability that the missing
cabin at any floor beginning with the first. Theprobability cards should be one from each suit is
of all five persons leaving at different floors, is 1 4 2197 4
a) b) c) d)
7
C 7
C5  5! 7
C5  5! 5! 256 20825 20825 52

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a) 5 5 b) 7 c) 5 d) 5 40) Probability of getting a number between 1 and 100,
7 5 7 7
30) A group of 4 boys and 3 girls are arranged at radom, which is divisible by 1 and itself only, is
one after the other. Probability that girls and boys 1 25 25 2
a) b) c) d)
occupy alternate seats is, 4 99 98 4
41) There is an objective type question with 4 answer
1 1 1 1
a) b) c) d) choices exactly one of which is correct. A student has
34 35 33 32 not studied the topic on which the question has been
31) Three persons work independently on a problem. If set. The probability that the student guesses the correct
the respective probabilities that they will solve it are answer, is
1/3, 1/4 and 1/5, then the probability that none can 1 1 1
solve it is a) b) c) d) 4
2 4 8
2 3 1 1 42) The probability that a leap year selected at random
a) b) c) d)
5 5 3 4 will contain 53 Sundays is
32) A fair coin is tossed three times. The probability that 1 2 2 3
there is atleast one tail is a) b) c) d)
7 7 9 7
1 1 3 7 43) The letters of the word FATHER are written on
a) b) c) d)
2 3 8 8 separate cards, two cards are drawn at random.
33) If birth to a boy and birth to a girl child are equal- Probability that both are vowels is
probable, then what is the probability that at least one 2 1 3 1
of the three children born to a couple is boy? a) b) c) d)
15 25 15 15
4 7 8 1 44) A box contains 10 sample watches, 2 of which are
a) b) c) d)
5 8 7 2 defective. If two are selected at random, the probability
34) A digit is selected at random from either of the two that both selected are defective is,
sets {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} and {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}. 2 9 1 1
What is the chance that the sum of the digits selected a) b) c) d)
25 20 25 45
is 10? 45) Mr. A gave his telephone number to Mr. B. Mr B
1 10 10 1 remembers that the first two digits were 40 and the
a) b) c) d)
9 81 18 81 remaining four digits were two 3s, one 6 and one 8.
35) Five letters are sent to different persons and addresses He is not certain about the order of the digits. Mr. B
on the five envelopes are written at random. The dials 403638. The probability that he will get A’s house
probability that all the letters reach correct destiny is is
44 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
a) b) c) d) a) b) c) d)
120 120 5 4! 2 4 8 12
36) From a book containing 100 pages, one page is 46) An urn contains 5 blue and an unknown number of x
selected randomly. The probability that the sum of the of red balls. Two balls are drawn at random from this
digits of the page number of the selected page is 11, is 5
2 9 11 1 urn. If probability of both of them being blue is ,
a) b) c) d) 14
25 100 100 100 then x =?
37) Three numbers are chosen from 1 to 30. The probability a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
that they are not consecutive, is 47) All the letters of the word HAMSANANDI are placed
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at random in a row. The probability that the word placed in a row. The probability that no two black
ANAND occurs without getting split is balls are placed adjacently equals [ IIT 1998 ]
1 1 1 1 1 7 2 1
a) b) c) d) a) b) c) d)
42 60 420 329 2 15 15 3
48) Three horses H1, H 2 and H3 are in a race which is 57) A box contains 6 nails and 10 nuts.half of the nails and
half of the nuts are rusted. If one item is chosen at
won by one of them. If H1 is twice as likely to win as random. What is probability that it is rusted or is a nail
H 2 and H 2 is twice as likely to win as H3 then there [ MP PET 1992,2000 ]
3 5 11 14
respective probabilities of winning are a) b) c) d)
4 2 1 2 4 1 1 2 4 1 2 3 16 16 16 16
a) , , b) , , c) , , d) , , 58) The probability that getting a total of 5 or 6 in a single

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7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 throw of 2 dice is [ MP PET 1988 ]
49) Two cards are drawn at random from a pack of 52
1 1 1 1
cards. Find the probability that they are both Aces if a) b) c) d)
the first card is not replaced? 2 4 3 6
59) Three dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the
1 1 4 3
a) b) c) d) probability of obtaining a total of 17 or 18
169 221 13 13 [ AI CBSE 1983 ]
50) Three identical dice are rolled. The probability that
1 1 1 1
the same number will appear on each of them is a) b) c) d)
1 1 1 3 9 72 54 5
a) b) c) d) 60) Two dice are thrown. The probability that the total
6 36 18 28 score is a prime number, is [ CEE 1993 ]
51) If two balanced dice are tossed once, the probability
1 5 1 1
of the event, that the sum of the integers coming on the a) b) c) d)
upper sides of the two dice is 9, is 6 12 2 3
61) The chance of throwing at least 9 in a single throw
[ MP PET 1987 ]
with two dice, is [ SCRA 1980 ]
7 5 1 1
a) b) c) d) 1 5 7 11
18 36 9 6 a) b) c) d)
52) The probability that an event will fail to happen is 0.05. 18 18 18 18
62) From the word ‘POSSESSIVE’, a letter is chosen at
The probability that the event will take place on 4
random. the probability of it to be S is
consecutive occasions is [ Roorkee 1990 ]
[ SCRA 1987 ]
a) 0.00000625 b) 0.18543125
c) 0.00001875 d) 0.81450625 3 4 3 4
a) b) c) d)
53) A person can kill a bird with probability 3/4. He tries 10 10 6 6
5 times. What is the probability that he may not kill the 63) In a throw of three dice, the probability that at least
bird [RPET 1997 ] one die shows up 1, is [ DSSE 1981 ]
243 781 1 1023 5 91 1 125
a) b) c) d) a) b) c) d)
1024 1024 1024 1024 6 216 36 216
54) Two integers are chosen at random and multiplied. 64) The corners of regular tetrahedrons are numbered
The probability that the product is an even integer is 1, 2, 3, 4. Three tetrahedrons are tossed. The
[AMU 1999] probability that the sum of upward corners will be 5 is
[ AMU 1999 ]
1 2 3 4
a) b) c) d) 5 5 3 3
2 3 4 5 a) b) c) d)
24 64 32 16
55) In four schools B1 , B2 , B3 , B4 the percentage of girls 65) A coin is tossed 4 times. The probability that at least
students is 12, 20, 13, 17 respectively. From a school one head turns up it [ MP PET 2000 ]
selected at random, one student is picked up at random 1 2 15
and it is found that the student is a girl. The probability a) b) c) 14 d)
16 16 16 16
that the school selected is B2 , is [ Pb. CET 2004 ]
6 10 13 17
a) b) c) d)
31 31 62 62
56) Seven white balls and three black balls are randomly
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* Addition Theorem of Probability : Note :
i) If A and B are any two events of sample space ‘S’, If A & B are any two events of sample space ‘S’ then
then P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A  B). Also i) A  A  S
a f
P A'  1  P A af b
 A  B  B' g
ii) If A, B, C are three mutually exclusive events of b g b g
ii) A  A  B  A  B'
sample space ‘S’, then Prove that ii) B  bB  A g  bB  A'g
PbA  B'g  PbA g  PbA  Bg
P(A  B  C) = P(A) + P(B) + P(C) - P(A ) -
iii)
P(B C) - P(C A) + P(A  B  C)
iv) PbA'Bg  PbBg  PbA  Bg
Conditional Probability :
In some events, the probability that an event A takes

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place will depend upon whether the another event B does Multiple Choice Questions
or does not takes place. In such cases, we have to use Type - 2
conditional probability. Addition theorem and conditional probability
The probability of event A given that the event B has 1) If A and B are any two events associated with an
already taken place is called as conditional probability of experiment, then
A and it is denoted by P(A/B) a) P(A  B)  P(A)  P(B) if A and B are
Where, independent
n(A  B) P(A  B) b) P(A  B)  1  P(A ') P(B ') if A and B are
P(A / B)  i. e. P( A / B)  , P( B)  0
n(B) P(B) independent
The probability of events B, given that, event A has al-
c) P(A  B)  P(A) P(B) if A and B are exclusive
ready taken place is called as conditional probability of B
and it is denoted by P(B/A) d) P(A  B ')  P(A)  P(A  B)
Where, 2) Two events A and B have probabilities 0.25 and 0.5
n( B  A ) P(B  A ) respectively. The probabilities that A and B occur
P(B / A )  i. e. P(B / A )  , P(A )  0
n( A ) P(A ) simultaneously is 0.15. Then the probability that A or
B occurs is
Multiplication or Compounded Theorem of a) 0.6 b) 0.7 c) 0.61 d) 0.72
Probability : 3) A man and a woman appear in an interview for two
If A and B are any two events in the sample space S vacancies in the same post. The probability of man’s
then P (A  B) = P (A/B) . P(B) 1 1
selection is and that of the woman’s selection is .
= P(B/A) . P(A) 2 3
What is the probability that none of them is selected
Independent events : 1 1 1 2
a) b) c) d)
i) If A and B are two independent events of sample 3 12 4 3
space S then P (A  B) = P (A) . P(B). 4) The probabilities of a student getting first class or second
2 3 1
ii) If A is independent event of B, then B is also class or third class in an examination are , ,
7 5 10
independent event of A. respectively. The probability that the student fails is
iii) If A and B are independent events then A and 6 11 3 1
a) b) c) d)
B' are also indepdendent. 70 70 35 70
iv) If A and B are independent events then A' 5) The probability that a card drawn at random from a
and B are also indepdendent. pack of 52 card is a king or a heart is
v) If A and B are independent events then A' 1 1 1 16
a) b) c) d)
and B' are also independent. 13 52 4 52
Demorgan’s laws in probability : 6) The probability that at least one of A or B occurs is 0.6.
In case of probability De morgan’s laws are If A and B occurs simultaneously with probability
i) P (A  B)’ = P (A’  B’) 0.3, then P(A ')  P(B ') is
a) 0.9 b) 1.15 c) 1.1 d) 1.2
ii) P (A  B)’ = P (A’  B’) 7) Two events A and B have probability 0.28 and 0.55
respectively. The probability that A and B occur
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 Ghonse Maths Academy
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simultaneously is 0.14. Find the probability that neither
A
A nor B occures P(B)  1, then P   
a) 0.39 b) 0.41 c) 0.4 d) 0.31 B
8) A coin is tossed twice. If events A and B are defined as A A
A = head on first toss, B = head on second toss. Then a) 1  P   b) 1  P  
B  B
the probability of A  B 
1 1 1 3 1  P(A  B) P(A)
a) b) c) d) c) d)
4 2 8 4 P(B) P(B)
9) If P(A  B)  0.15, P(B ')  0.10, then P(A/B) is 18) If two events A and B are such that
1 1 1 1 5 1 1

* GHONSE MATHS ACADEMY * GHONSE MATHS ACADEMY *

a) b) c) d) P(A  B)  , P(AB)  and P(A)  , then the
3 4 5 6 6 3 2
10) If A and B are two events such that events A and B are
5 1 1 a) Independent b) Mutually exclusive
P(A  B)  , P(A  B)  and P(B)  , then
6 3 3 c) Mutually exclusive and Independent d) None
P (A) = 19) A speaks truth in 60% of the cases and B in 90%.
1 1 1 2 Percentage of cases in which they are likely to
a) b) c) d)
4 3 2 3 contradict each other, while stating the same fact, is
11) If A and B are two events such that a) 36 b) 48 c) 42 d) 30
3 5 3 20) If the probabilities that A and B will die within a year
P(A)  , P(B)  and P(A  B)  , then are p and q respectively, then probability that only one
8 8 4
A
of them will be alive at the end of the year is ,
P   a) p + q b) p + q - 2pq
B
2 2 3 5 c) p + q - pq d) p + q + pq
a) b) c) d) 21) If A and B are two mutually exclusive events such that
5 3 5 2
12) If P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = x, P(A  B)  0.7 and the P(B) = 2P(A) and A  B  S, then P(B) is
events A and B are mutually exclusive, then x =
3 1 2 1
3 1 2 1 a) b) c) d)
a) b) c) d) 4 3 3 2
10 2 5 5
13) If the events A and B are mutually exclusive, then 22) The probability that an event A happens in a trial is
P(A/B) = 0.4. Three independent trials are made. The probability
that A happens at least once is
P(A  B) P(A  B)
a) 0 b) 1 c) d) a) 0.216 b) 0.784 c) 0.64 d) 0.936
P(A) P(B) 23) You are a given box with 20 cards in it. 10 of these
14) A and B two events such that P(A) = 0.8, P(B) = 0.6 cards have the letter I printed on them. The other ten
and P(A  B)  0.5, then the value of P(A/B) is have the letter T printed on them. If you pick up 3
5 5 9 6 cards at random and keep them in the same order, the
a) b) c) d) probability of making the word IIT is
6 8 10 5
15) Events A and B are independent if 9 1 4 5
a) P(A  B)  P(A / B).P(B) a) b) c) d)
80 8 27 38
b) P(A  B)  P(B / A).P(A) 24) The event A is independent of itself if and only if
c) P(A  B)  P(A)  P(B) P(A) =
d) P(A  B)  P(A).P(B) a) 0 b) 1 c) 0, 1 d) 1, 1
1 1 1 25) If A and B are two events such that
16) If P(A)  , P(B)  and P(A  B)  then,
2 3 4 7
P(B/A) = P(A  B)  P(A  B)  and P(A) = 2P(B), then
8
1 1
a) 1 b) 0 c) d) P(A) =
2 3
7 7 5 17
17) If A and B are two events such that P(A)  0 and a) b) c) d)
12 24 12 24
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26) Three athletes A, B and C participate in a race student is selected at random. The probability that he
competition. The probability of winning for A and B is has passed in none of the subject is
twice of winning for C. Then the probability that the 3 1 3 1
race is won by A or B, is a) b) c) d)
5 4 2 2
2 1 4 1 35) There are two children in a family. The probability that
a) b) c) d)
3 2 5 3 both of them are boys is
27) If A and B are two events such that A  B, then 1 1 1 2
a) b) c) d)
B 2 3 4 3
P   36) The probability that a leap year will have 53 Fridays
A
or 53 Saturdays, is

* GHONSE MATHS ACADEMY * GHONSE MATHS ACADEMY *

a) 0 b) 1 c) 1/2 d) 1/3
2 3 4 1
A a) b) c) d)
28) If A and B are two independent events, then P    7 7 7 7
B 37) A letter is taken from the word MULTIPLE and another
a) 0 b) 1 c) P(A) d) P(B) letter is taken from the word CHOICE, the probability
29) Two events A and B have probabilities 0.25 and 0.50 that both letters chosen are vowels is
respectively. The probability that both A and B occur 5 1 1 3
a) 5 b) c) d)
siimultaneously is 0.14. Then the probability that neither 8 2 6 16
A nor B occurs is 38) If A and B are two events with
a) 0.39 b) 0.375 c) 0.49 d) 0.59 1 1 1
P(A)  , P(A / B)  and P(B / A)  then
30) A die is thrown. Let A be the event that the number 4 4 2
obtained is greater than 3. Let B be the event that the a) A and B are mutually exclusive
b) A and B are independent
number obtained is less then 5. Then, P(A  B) is
c) A is sub-event of B
2 3 d) B is sub event is A
a) 1 b) c) d) 0
5 5 39) In a single throw of two dice, the probability of getting
a total of 7 or 9 is
3
31) If A and B are two events and P(A)  , 4 1 5 1
8 a) b) c) d)
18 3 18 18
1 1
P(B)  , P(A  B)  , then P(A ' B ')  40) The probability that a man will live 10 more years is
2 4
1
3 3 1 5 and the probability that his wife will live 10 more
4
a) b) c) d)
8 4 4 8 1
years is . Then the probability that neither will be
32) If A and B are two events. The probability that exactly 3
one of them occurs is equal to alive in 10 years is,
a) P(A)  P(B)  2 P(A  B) 5 1 7 11
a) b) c) d)
12 2 12 12
b) P(A)  P(B)  P(A  B) 41) Let E and F be two independent events. The probability
c) P(A)  P(B) 1
that both E and F happens is and probability that
d) P(A)  P(B)  P(A  B) 12
33) There are two boxes. One box contains 3 white ball 1
and 2 black balls. The other box contains 7 yellow neither happens is . Then,
2
balls and 3 black balls. If a box is selected at random
1 1 1 1
and from it, a ball is drawn, the probability that the a) P(E)  , P(F)  b) P(E)  , P(F) 
ball is black is 13 4 2 6
1 1 1 1
7 1 3 1 c) P(E)  , P(F)  d) P(E)  , P(F) 
a) b) c) d) 6 12 4 3
20 5 20 3 42) The chances to fail in physics are 20% and the chance
34) Out of 80 students in a class, 30 passed in to fail in Mathematics are 10%. What are the chances
Mathematics, 20 in Electronics and 10 in both. If one to fail in at least one subject
Probability [9] Ghonse Maths Academy
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 Ghonse Maths Academy
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a) 28% b) 38% c) 72% d) 82% and the second is a king, is [ MNR 1979 ]
43) In a town 40% of the people of brown hair, 25% have 1 17 1 1
brown eyes and 15% have both. If a person selected a) b) c) d)
26 2704 52 50
at random from the town has brown hair, the probabiity
50) A man and his wife appear for an interview for two
that he has brown eyes is,
1
1 3 1 2 posts. The probability of the husband’s selection is
a) b) c) d) 7
5 8 3 3 1
and that of the wife’s selection is . What is probability
1 5
44) If A and B are two events such that P(A)  , that only one of them will be selected
3
[ AISSE 1987; DSSE 1979, 81,84 ]

* GHONSE MATHS ACADEMY * GHONSE MATHS ACADEMY *

1 1 B 1 2 3 4
P(B)  and P(A  B)  , then P    a) b) c) d)
4 5 A 7 7 7 7
51) The probabilites of A,B,C solving a prooblem are
37 37 23 1 1 2 3
a) b) c) d) , , respectively. If all the three try to solve the
40 45 40 3 3 7 8
45) A problem of mathematics is given to three students problem simulaneously, The probability that exactly
whose chances of solving the problem are 1/3, 1/4 one of them will solve it, is [ DSSE
and 1/5 respectively. The probability that the question 1987 ]
will be solved is 25 25 20 30
[ BIT Ranchi 1991: MP PET 1990 ] a) b) c) d)
168 56 168 168
2 3 4 3 52) A bag contain 3 black and 4 white balls. Two balls
a) b) c) d) drawn one by one at random without replacement.
3 4 5 5
The probability that the second drawn ball is white, is
46) The probability of India winning a test match against
[ MP PET 1995 ]
1 4 1 4 12
West Indies is . Assuming independence from match a) b) c) d)
2 49 7 7 49
to match, the probability that in a 5 match series india’s 53) The probabilies of three mutually exclusive events are
second win occurs at the third test, is 2 1 1
[ IIT 1995; Pb. CET 2003 ] , and . The statement is
3 4 6
2 1 1 1 [ MNR 1987; UPSEAT 2000 ]
a) b) c) d) a) True b) Wrong
3 2 4 8
c) Could be either d) Do not know
4 54) If P(A)  1/ 3, P(B)  1/ 2 and P(A  B)  5 / 6,
47) The probability that A speaks truth is , while this
5 then events A and B are [ Kerala CET 2002 ]
3
a) Mutually exclusive
probability for B is . The probability that they b) Independent as well as mutually exhaustive
4
c) Independent
contradict each other when asked to speak on a fact d) Dependent only on A
[ AIEEE 2004; MP PET 1997,2002; IIT 1975;
55) For two given events A and B, P(A  B) 
MNR 1987 ]
[ IIT 1988 ]
4 1 7 3 a) Not less then P(A) + P(B) -1
a) b) c) d)
5 5 20 20 b) Not greater then P(A) + P(B)
48) Two cards are drawn one by one at random from a c) Equal to P(A)  P(B)  P(A  B)
pack of 52 cards. The probability that both of them
d) All of the above
are king, is [ MP PET 1994 ]
56) A,B,C are any three events. If P (S) denotes the
2 1 1 30 probability of S happening, then P(A  (B  C)) 
a) b) c) d)
13 169 221 221 [ E AMCET 1994 ]
49) From a pack of 52 cards two are drawn with a) P(A)  P(B)  P(C)  P(A  B)  P(A  C)
replacement. The probability, that the first is a diamond b) P(A)  P(B)  P(C)  P(B) P(C)

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c) P(A  B)  P(A  C)  P(A  B  C) 64) Let A and B be two events such that P(A) = 0.3 and
d) None P(A  B)  0.8. If A and B are independent events,
57) The probability that at least one of the events A and B then P(B) = [ IIT 1990; UPSEAT 2001, 02 ]
occurs is 3/5. If A and B occur simultaneously with
5 5 3 2
probability 1/5, then P(A ')  P(B ') is a) b) c) d)
6 7 5 5
[ DEC 20002 ]
65) The probability of solving a question by three students
2 4 6 7
a) b) c) d) 1 1 1
5 5 5 5 are , , respectively. Probability of question being
2 4 6
58) If A and B are two events such that
solved will be [ UPSEAT 1999 ]
P (A  B)  P (A  B) , then the true relation is

* GHONSE MATHS ACADEMY * GHONSE MATHS ACADEMY *

33 35 31 37
[ IIT 1985 ] a) b) c) d)
a) P(A) + P(B) = 0 48 48 48 48
B 66) If P(A) = 0.25, P(B) 0.50 and P(A  B)  0.14,
b) P(A)  P(B)  P(A) P  
A then P(A  B) is equal to [ RPET 2001 ]
B a) 0.61 b) 0.39 c) 0.48 d) 0.11
c) P(A)  P(B)  2P(A) P  
A 67) If E and F are independent events such that
A 0  P(E)  1 and 0  P(F)  1, then
d) P(A)  P(B)  P(A) P  
B [ IIT 1989 ]
59) The probability of happening of an event A is 0.5 and a) E and Fc (the complement of the event F) are
that of B is 0.3. If A and B are mutually exclusive independent
events, then the probability of happening of neither A b) E c and Fc are independent
nor B is [ IIT 1980; DEC 2000 ]
a) 0.6 b) 0.2 c) 0.21 d) 0.20 E  Ec 
c) P    P  c  1 d) All of the above
60) The probability that a leap year selected at random F F 
contains either 53 Sundays or 53 Mondays, is
68) If 4 P(A) = 6 P(B) = 10 P(A  B)  1, then P  B  
[ Roorkee 1999 ] A
2 4 3 1 [ MP PET 2003 ]
a) b) c) d)
7 7 7 7 2 3 7 19
61) Consider two events A and B such that a) b) c) d)
5 5 10 60
1 B 1 A 1 69) A coin is tossed three times in succession. If E is the
P(A)  , P    , P    . For each of the event that there are at least two heads and F is the
4 A 2  B 4
following statements, which is true event in which first toss is a head, then P  E  
3 F
1) P(A / B ) 
c c [ MP PET 1996 ]
4 3 3 1 1
2) The events A and B are mutually exclusive a) b) c) d)
4 8 2 8
3) P(A / B)  P(A / Bc )  1 70) If A and B are two events such that P(A) = 0.4,
a) 1 only b) 1 and 2 c) 1 and 3 d) 2 and 3 P(A+B) = 0.7 and P(AB) = 0.2, then P(B) =
62) If the probability of X to fail in the examination is 0.3 [ MP PET 1992 ]
and thar for Y is 0.2, then the probability that either X a) 0.1 b) 0.3 c) 0.5 d) 0.4
or Y fails in the examination is [ IIT 1989 ] 71) A bag X contains 2 white and 3 black balls and
a) 0.5 b) 0.44 c) 0.6 d) 0.7 another bag Y contains 4 white and 2 black balls.
One bag is selected at random and a ball is drawn
63) If A and B are two independent events such that from it. Then the probability for the ball chosen to
P(A) = 0.40, P(B) = 0.50. Find P (neither A nor B) be white is
[ MP PET 1989; J & K 2005 ] 2 7 8 14
a) 0.90 b) 0.10 c) 0.2 d) 0.3 a) b) c) d)
15 15 15 15
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 Ghonse Maths Academy
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Type - 3 Multiple Choice Questions
Baye’s Theorem and Odds 1) In solving any problem, odds against A are 4 to 3 and
in favour of B in solving the same is 7 to 5. The
Baye’s Theorem : probability that problem will solved is
If A1, A2, A3, ....... An are n mutally exclusive and 5 16 15 69
exhaustive events from the sample spaces S, B is a) b) c) d)
21 21 84 84
any other event from S and if probability of occur-
2) If the odd against an event be 2:3, then the probability
rence of Ai is and propbability of occurrence of B
of its occurrence is
given that Ai, i = 1, 2, 3, ...., n has occured are known,
then probabilities of occurence of Ai’s given that B 1 2 3
a) b) c) d) 1
has occured are given by 5 5 5

* GHONSE MATHS ACADEMY * GHONSE MATHS ACADEMY *

P ( B / A i ). P ( A i ) 3) In an entrance test there are multiple choice questions.
P ( A i / B)  n
, i  1,2 ,3,.... n There are four possible answers to each question of
 P ( B / A ). P (A )
i i which one is correct. The probability that the student
i 1 knows the answer to a question is 90%. If he gets the
P(Ai), i = 1, 2, 3 .... n are known as priori or simply the correct answer to a question, then the probability
prior probabilities and P(Ai/B) are called posterior that he was guessing, is
probabilities. 37 1 36 1
a) b) c) d)
40 37 37 9
* ODDS (Ratio of two complimentary 4) A purse contains 4 copper coin and 3 silver coins, the
Probabilities ) : second purse contains 6 copper coins and 2 silver
coins. A coin is taken out from any purse, the
1) ODDs in Favour and Against probability that it is a copper coin is
If the probability of occurrence of an event A is p then
4 37 3 3
the probability of non-occurrence of A is 1 - p. a) b) c) d)
7 56 7 4
 the odds in favour of A is given by p: 1  p b g 5) Bag A contains 4 green and 3 red balls and B contains
b g
The odds against A is given by 1  p : p
4 red and 3 green balls. One bag is taken at random
and a ball is drawn and noted it is green. The probability
bg 1
b g bg
eg. If P A  , the P A'  1  P A
3
that it comes from bag B is
2 2 3 1
1 2 a) b) c) d)
 1  7 3 7 3
3 3
6) There are 3 bag which are known to contain 2 white
1 2
 the odds in favour of A is given by : , i.e. 1:2 and 3 black balls; 4 white and 1 black balls and 3
3 3 white and 7 black balls respectively. A ball is drawn at
2 1 random from one of the bags and found to be a black
The odds against A is given by : , i.e. 2:1
3 3 ball. Then the probability that it was drawn from the
bag containing the most black balls is
2) Conversely :
i) If odds in favour of an event A are a:b, then the 7 5 3 7
a) b) c) d)
a 15 19 4 10
probability of the occurrence of A is and the 7) One and only one of the two events must occur. If the
ab
b 2
probability of non-occurrence of A is . chance of one is of the other, then odds in favour
ab 3
ii) If odds in against of an event A are a:b, then the of the other are
b a) 1:3 b) 3:1 c) 2:3 d) 3:2
probability of the occurrence of A is and the
ab 8) If the odds in favour of an event be 3:5, then the
a probability of non-occurrence of the event is
probability of non-occurrence of A is
ab 3 5 3 5
a) b) c) d)
5 3 8 8

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Probability [12]
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9) The odds against a certain event is 5:2 and the odds in The die thrown and you are told that either face 1 or 2
favour of another event is 6:5 if both the events are has turned up. Then the probability that it is face 1, is
independent, then the probability that at least one of [ IIT 1981 ]
the events will happen is 5 5 4 4
a) b) c) d)
50 52 25 63 21 22 21 22
a) b) c) d) 19) A bag ‘A’ contains 2 white and 3 red balls and bag ‘B’
77 77 88 88
10) In a horse race the odds in favour of three horses are contains 4 white and 5 red balls. One ball is drawn at
1:2, 1:3 and 1:4. The probability that one of the horse random from a randomly chosen bag and is found to
will win the race is be red. The probability that it was drawn from bag
‘B’ was [ BIT Ranchi 1988; IIT 1976 ]
37 47 1 3

* GHONSE MATHS ACADEMY * GHONSE MATHS ACADEMY *

a) b) c) d) 5 5 5 25
60 60 4 4 a) b) c) d)
11) A man is known to speak the truth 3 out of 4 times. He 14 16 18 52
throws a die and reports that it is six. The probability 20) If odds against solving a question by three students
that it is actually a six, is are 2:1, 5:2 and 5:3 respectively, then probability that
the question is solved only by one student is
3 1 3 1 [ RPET 1999 ]
a) b) c) d)
8 5 4 4
31 24 25 30
12) A card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. A gambler a) b) c) d)
56 56 56 56
bets that it is a spade or an ace. What are the odds
against his winning this bet
MHT CET 2018
a) 17:52 b) 52:17 c) 9:4 d) 4:9
1) Letters of the word HULULULU are arranged. The
13) An event has odds in favour 4:5, then the probability
probability of all three L being together is
that event, occurs, is
3 2 3 5
1 4 4 5 a) b) c) d)
20 5 28 23
a) b) c) d) 2) A die is thrown four times. The probability of getting
5 5 9 9
14) Three ships A, B and C sail from England to India. If perfect square in at least one throw is
the ratio of their arriving safely are 2:5, 3:7 and 6:11 16 65 23 58
respectively, then the probability of all the ships for a) b) c) d)
81 81 81 81
arriving safely is
18 6 3 2 MHT CET 2019 ( Online )
a) b) c) d)
595 17 10 7 1 2 3
15) For an event, odds against is 6:5. The probability that 1) If P  A   , P  B   and P  A  B   then
4 5 20
event does not occur, is P  A ' B '  ..........
5 6 5 1 1 17 13 1
a) b) c) d) 1) 2) 3) 4)
6 11 11 6 2 20 20 3
16) A party of 23 persons take their seats at a round table. 2) A coin is tossed three times. The probability of getting
The odds against two persons sitting together are tail in the third toss is....
[ RPET 1999 ] 1 3 1 1
a) 10:1 b) 1:11 c) 9:10 d) 9:2 1) 2) 3) 4)
3 4 2 4
17) Odds 8 to 5 against a person who is 40 years old 3) A room contains 3 sockets for bulbs. If from a
living till he is 70 and 4 to 3 against another person colletion of 10 bulbs, out of which 6 are defective, 3
now 50 till he living 80. Probability that one of them bulbs are selected at random and put in the sockets,
will be alive next 30 years [ MNR 1986 ] then the probability that the room is lighted is.....
59 44 51 32 5 1 3 1
a) b) c) d) 1) 2) 3) 4)
91 91 91 91 6 6 5 5
18) For a biased die the probabilities for different faces to 4) If two dice are thrown then the probability that the
turn up are given below sum of the numbers on their uppermost faces is a
prime number, is
Face 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 5 7 4
Pr obability 0.1 0.32 0.21 0.15 0.05 0.17 1) b) c) d)
3 12 18 9
Probability [13] Ghonse Maths Academy
JEE (Main) / MHT CET - 2021 A’nagar
 Ghonse Maths Academy
A’nagar
MHT CET 2020 3 17 1 1
a) b) c) d)
1) If P  A '  0.6, P  B  0.8 and P(B/A) = 0.3, 20 20 4 2
then P(A/B) = 11) If A and B are two independent events and
9 7 3 3 3 2
a) b) c) d) P  A   , P  B  ,then P  A ' B' 
20 20 4 20 5 5
2) If A and B are independent events such that odds in 1 7 4 2
favour of A is 2 : 3 and odds against B is 4 : 5, then a) b) c) d)
15 15 15 15
P (AB) = 12) A problem in statistics is given to three students P,
1 4 2 3 Q and R. Their chances of solving the problem are
a) b) c) d)

* GHONSE MATHS ACADEMY * GHONSE MATHS ACADEMY *

9 5 9 9 1 1 1
3) Two cards are drawn from a pack of well shuffled , , respectively. If all of them try independently,,
2 3 4
52 playing cards one by one without replacement. then the probability that the problem is solved, is
Then the probability that both cards are queens is
3 1 1 2
1 2 1 3 a) b) c) d)
a) b) c) d) 4 4 2 3
220 221 221 220
13) The odds in favour of getting sum multiple of 3,
4) An urn contains 4 red and 5 white balls. Two balls when pair of dice are thrown is
are drawn on after the other without replacement a) 4 : 5 b) 1 : 2 c) 3 : 4 d) 2 : 3
then the probability that both the balls are red is 14) Suppose that 5% of men and 0.25% of women
5 1 2 4 have gray hair. A gray hair person is selected at
a) b) c) d)
6 6 9 9 random. If there are equal number of males and fe-
5) Two dice are thrown together. The probability that males, then the probability that the person selected
sum of the numbers is divisible by 2 or 3 is being men is
1 3 1 2 10 20 1 11
a) b) c) d) a) b) c) d)
3 4 6 3 21 21 21 21
6) The letters of the word ' LOGARITHM' are ar-
ranged at random. The probability that arrangements MCQ From AIEEE Examination
starts with vowel and end with consonant is 1) A and B play a game where each is asked to select a
number from 1 to 25. If the two numbers match, both
! 18 1 1
a) b) c) d) of them win a prize. The probability that they will not
9! 9! 4 9 win a prize in a single trial, is [2002]
7) The odds in favour of drawing a king from a pack
of 52 playing cards is a) 1/25 b) 24/25 c) 2/25 d) None of these
a) 1 : 12 b) 4 : 1 c) 12 : 1 d) 1 : 4
8) If A and B are independent events and Solution : n(s)  25 C1  25 C1  25  25
Let A is the event that both players select same number.
2 3
P  A  ,P  B  , then P  A ' B   n(A) = 25
3 5
25 1
4 2 3 1  p (they win prize)  
a) b) c) d) 625 25
15 5 5 5
9) In a single throw of three dice, the probability of 25
 p (they will not win prize)  1 
getting a sum at least 5 is 625
2) Events A,B,C are mutually exclusive events such that
1 51 53 2
a) b) c) d) 3x  1 1 x 1  2x
54 54 54 3 P(A)  , P(B)  and P(C)  . The set
3 4 2
2 1 1 of possible values of x are in the interval [2003]
10) If P  A   , P  B  and P  A  B  , then
5 4 2 1 1  1 2   1 13 
a)  3 , 2  b)  3 , 3  c)  3 , 3  d) [0, 1]
     
P  A ' B' 
Solution : 0  P(A)  P(B)  P(C)  1
Ghonse Maths Academy
Probability [14]
A’nagar
JEE (Main) / MHT CET - 2021
 Ghonse Maths Academy
A’nagar
3x  1 1  x 1  2x a) mutually exclusive and independent
0   1 b) independent but not equally likely
3 4 2
c) equally likely but not independent
0  13  3x  12 d) equally likely and mutually exclusive
1 13 1 3 1
x ................. (i) Solution : P(A  B) '  , P(A)  , P(A  B) 
3 3 6 4 4
also 0  p(A)  1 1 1
3x  1  1  P(A  B)   P(B) 
i.e. 0  6 3
1
3 P(A  B)  P(A)  P(B)

* GHONSE MATHS ACADEMY * GHONSE MATHS ACADEMY *

1 2 6) Two aeroplanes I and II bomb a target in succession.
 x ............... (ii) The probabilities of I and II scoring a hit correctly are
3 3
0.3 and 0.2, respectively. The second plane will bomb
also 0  p(B)  1
only if the first misses the target. The probability that a
1 x traget is hit by the second plane, is [2007]
i.e. 0  1
4 a) 0.06 b) 0.14 c) 0.32 d) 0.7
Solution : A : first aeroplane hit target
 3  x  1 .............. (iii)
B : second aeroplane hit target
also 0  p(C)  1
P(A)  0  3, P(B)  0  2
1  2x Required probability =
i.e. 0  1
2 P(A ')  P(B)  P(A ')P(B ')P(A ')P(B)  .....
1 1  0  7  0  2  0  7  0  8  0  7  0  2  .......
 x ............. (iv)
2 2  0 14[1  0  56  (0  56) 2  ...... ]
from (i), (ii), (iii)
a
1 1  0 14 
x 1 r
3 2
3) Five horses are in a race. Mr. A selects two of the
horese at random and bets on them. The probability 1 7
 0 14  
that Mr. A selected a winning horese, is [2003] 1  0  56 22
a) 4/5 b) 3/5 c) 1/5 d) 2/5 7) It is given that the events A and B are such that
1 1 2
Solution : n(s)  5C 2  10 P(A)  , P  A B   and P  B A   . Then
4 2 3
n(A)  1C1  4 C1 P (B) is [2008]
4) Three houses are available in a locality. Three persons a) 1/2 b) 1/6 c) 1/3 d) 2/3
apply for the houses. Each applies for one house 8) One ticket is selected at random from 50 tickets
without consulting others. The probability that all the numbered 00, 01, 02, ......, 49. Then, the probability
three apply for the same house, is [2005] that the sum of the digits on the selected ticket is 8,
a) 7/9 b) 8/9 c) 1/9 d) 2/9 given that the product of these digits is zero equals
Solution : First person can apply for all three houses, [2009]
second persons ......... a)1/14 b) 1/7 c) 5/14 d) 1/50
Solution : As product of digits is zero
 n(S)  (3)3
S  {00, 01, 02,......10,...40}
A : All three apply for other 1 or 2 or 3rd house
 n(S)  14
 n (A) = 3 A : sum of the digits is 8
5) Let A and B two events such that
1 1 1 A  {08} , n( A ) = 1
P(A  B)  , P(A  B)  and P(A)  , w h e r e 9) An urn contains nine balls of which three are red, four
6 4 4
A stands for complement of event A. Then events A are blue and two are green. Three balls are drawn at
and B are [2005] random without replacement from the urn. The

Probability [15] Ghonse Maths Academy

JEE (Main) / MHT CET - 2021 A’nagar
 Ghonse Maths Academy
A’nagar
probability that the three balls have different colours is
[2010]
a) 1/3 b) 2/7 c) 1/21 d) 2/23
Solution : n(S)  9 C3  84 n(A)  3C1  4 C1  2 C1
10) The probability of a man hitting a target is 2/5. He
fires at the target k times (k,a given number). Then the
minimum k, so that the probability of hitting the target
at least once is more than 7/10 is
[JEE Mains - 2013 Online]
a) 3 b) 5 c) 2 d) 4

* GHONSE MATHS ACADEMY * GHONSE MATHS ACADEMY *

Solution : P (target hit at least once) = 1- P (target not hit)
3 2
 1   0.4
5 5
if two times
2
3 9 16
 1    1   0.64
5 25 25
if three times
3
3 27 98 7
 1    1 .  0.784 
5 125 125 10
k 3
11) A,B,C try to hit a target simultaneously but
independently. Their respective probabilites of hitting
the targets are 3/4, 1/2, 5/8. The probability that the
targer is hit by A or B but not by C is
[JEE Mains - 2013 Online]
a) 21/64 b) 7/8 c) 7/32 d) 9/64
Solution : P[(A  B)  C]  P(A  B)  P(C ')
 [P(A)  P(B)  P(A)  P(B)]  P(C ')
 independent
12) If the events A and B are mutually exclusive events
3x  1 1 x
such that P(A)  , P(B)  then the set of
3 4
possible values of x are in the interval
[JEE Mains - 2013 Online]
1 2   1 5   7 4
a) [0, 1] b)  3 , 3  c)   3 , 9  d)   9 , 9 
     

*****

Ghonse Maths Academy

Probability [16]
A’nagar
JEE (Main) / MHT CET - 2021