TOPIC

PROBABILITY
CLASS:- X
A cup is flipped 100 times. It lands on its side
84 times, on its bottom 6 times, and on its top
10 times. Find the probability that it will
land on its top.

From the experiment it appears that

P(top) =
This is an example of experimental, or
empirical probability.
If E is an event that may happen when
an experiment is performed, then the
Empirical probability OR Experimental
probability of event E is given by
number of times event E occurred
P( E )  .
number of times the experiment was performed
 Random Experiment
• Experiment whose result cannot be predicted
when repeated under identical conditions.
• Example.1) Tossing a coin.
• 2) rolling a die.
• 3) picking a card from well shuffled pack
Outcome : A possible result of a random
experiment is called its outcome
Suppose a coin is tossed at random
it can land in one of the two
possible ways either head up or tail
up. Each outcome head or tail is as
likely to occur as the other i.e. the
outcomes head and tail are equally
likely
 Sample space for rolling a die once

If we throw a die once the possible equally

likely outcomes are 1,2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
 Sample Space and Events

Sample space: The collection of all possible outcomes

of an random experiment.
Eg. on tossing a coin S = { head, tail}
On rolling die once S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

Event:-Possible outcomes of the a trail are called

EVENT.
 SAMPLE SPACE –TOSSING THREE COINS
• of all outcomes of a RE denoted by - S

1. Three coins are tossed

S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, TTH, THT, HTT, TTT}

Possible outcomes for rolling a pair of dice
 2. Two dice are rolled

S = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6)

(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6)
(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6)
(4,1) (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6)
(5,1) (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6)
(6,1) (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6) }
 THEORITICAL PROBABILITY
If all outcomes in a sample space S are
equally likely, and E is an event within that
sample space, then the theoretical
probability of the event E is given by

number of favorable outcomes n( E )

P( E )   .
total number of outcomes n( S )
What is the probability
that a green candy will be
pulled out on the first
try?

Blue candy?

Red candy?
• There is a bag with 9 tiles. The tiles have
the following letters, one letter on each
tile:
▫ A, B, C, E, G, H, I, L, and O.
• If one tile is selected at random, what is
the probability that it will be?
• i) B
• Ii) H
• Iii) A or B or C
 a) What is the probability of
• Players spin a spinner, shown
the spinner stopping on a
below, to move their game
space labeled 1 ?
piece during a board game.
b) What is the probability of
the spinner stopping on a
space labeled 2 ?
c) What is the probability of
the spinner stopping on a
space labeled 3 ?
d) What is the probability of
the spinner stopping on a
space labeled 4 ?
A deck of playing cards
The event the king of hearts is selected

1
52

❑ 1 / 52
❑
The event a QUEEN is selected

𝟒 𝟏
=
𝟓𝟐 𝟏𝟑
The event a heart is selected

𝟏𝟑 𝟏
=
𝟓𝟐 𝟒
The event a face card is selected if Ace is not
considered as face card

=
Event (not E) where E is the probability of
drawing a face card.

𝟒𝟎 𝟏𝟎
=
𝟓𝟐 𝟏𝟑
• From last two examples of
P ( face card) and P (not a face card)
We find that
P( face card) + P (not a face card)=
=1
Therefore
P(E ) + P( ) = 1
 Problem :
• A card is drawn from a pack of well shuffled cards.
What is the probability of obtaining
1. A king (2) A red card
(3) A king or a red card
Solution:
1. P(A king) =
2. P(A red card) = =
3. P(A king or a red card )= +
 Newspapers
• A newsagent delivers these papers – one to each
house:
• Sun 250 Times 120
• Mirror 300 Mail 100
• Telegraph 150 Express 80
What is the probability that a house picked at random
has:
The Times?
The Mail or the Express?
Neither the Sun nor the Mirror?
 What’s the probability of …
• getting a 6 on a dice
• a letter chosen from the word RABBIT is a B
• getting a number less than 3 on a dice
• a pupil picked at random from the class is in your
tutor group
• a person’s birthday is on a Sunday this year
 PROJECT ON PROBABILTY

Ask the students to collect the data about

birthdays of students of any seven classes in the
school and present it in the form of a table.
No of students having birthday in the month of
Class /Sec No of student
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
XA 50 5 3 6 5 4 2 6 5 2 3 4 5
                           
                           
                           
                           
                           
                           
Total                          

a) Find the probability of student born in each month.

b) Find the probability for a student to have birthday in Jan , Feb, Mar……………?
c)Find the sum of probabilities of all the months .
THANK YOU