Soy Homosexual

Metodologías HCD - 1
Ing. Christofher Cárdenas M.Sc. Tó p i c o s E s p e c i a l e s I I
“Designers may be the true intellectuals of the future.

― Paola Antonelli
Parque Nacional Manuel Antonio
Puntarenas, Costa Rica
Overview
• What is Design?
• Design Pioneers & Thinkers
You can analyze the past, but
1. Engineering Design
you need to design the future.
2. Industrial Design ~ Edward de Bono
3. Information Design
4. Environment Design
5. Experience Design
6. User eXperience Design
© Cárdenas, Christofher
¿Qué es Diseño? – What is Design?
Verbo: • Sustantivo:
• Hacer o dibujar planes • Dibujo(s) que muestra(n) cómo se

para algo hace, funciona y se ve un inmueble o
• Tener la intención de producto
obtener un resultado • El arte de hacer esquemas o bocetos
de algo
• Un patrón utilizado para decorar algo
Things are designed, engineered & used
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hner3FAiRnA
Metodologías de HCD 1 © Cárdenas, Christofher
What is Design?
Design is the identification of a problem and

the intellectual creative effort of an originator,
manifesting itself in drawings or plans, which
include schemes and specifications.
Ref. International Institute for Information Design
What is Design?
Engineering design is the process of devising a system,

component, or process to meet desired needs. It is a decision-
making process (often iterative), in which the basic science and
mathematics and engineering sciences are applied to convert
resources optimally to meet a stated objective. Among the
fundamental elements of the design process are the establishment
of objectives and criteria, synthesis, analysis, construction, testing
and evaluation.
Ref. Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.
What is Design?
"Design is the process of taking something from its

existing state and moving it to a preferred state".
Source: Herbert Simon. "The Sciences of the Artificial."
The word ‘design’ should be a very important word

because it covers all aspects of putting things
together to achieve an effect.
~ Edward de Bono

Pioneers & Main Movers in Modern Design
Henry Dreyfuss Edward de Bono Walt Disney Steve Jobs

Industrial Design Pioneer Creative & Conceptual Thinker Animator & Experience Innovator & Inventor

1. Engineering Design
Engineering Design - Definición
• Engineering design = devising a system, component, or

process to meet desired needs
• Engineering design = iterative STEM decision-making process

(to convert resources optimally to meet a stated objective)
Ref. Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.

Engineering Design
Engineering Design

Engineering Design
• Descriptive Geometry in the 16th and 17th centuries

• Computer-aided Design (CAD)
• 3D Scanning & Printing

2. Industrial Design
Industrial Design
Industrial design is a strategic problem-solving process that drives

innovation, builds business success, and leads to a better quality of
life through innovative products, systems, services, and
experiences. It is a trans-disciplinary profession that harnesses
creativity to resolve problems and co-create solutions with the intent
of making a product, system, service, experience or a business,
better.
Ref. World Design Organization

Industrial Design
Industrial design is the professional service of

creating and developing concepts and specifications
that optimize the function, value and appearance of
products and systems for the mutual benefit of both
user and manufacturer.
Ref. Industrial Designers Society of America

Industrial Design
Industrial Design
Industrial design focuses on products that

are to be manufactured through
techniques of mass production.

3. Information Design
Information Design
Information design is the defining, planning,

and shaping of the contents of a message and
the environments in which it is presented, with
the intention to satisfy the information needs of
the intended recipients.
Ref. International Institute for Information Design

Information Design
Throwing 140,000 words on the ground doesn’t make it a

dictionary but organizing it alphabetically makes it useful.
~ Richard Saul Wurman

Information Design
Information can be organized in different ways:
1. Location
2. Alphabet
3. Time
4. Category
5. Hierarchy

Information Design
1. Location
2. Alphabet
3. Time
4. Category
5. Hierarchy

Information Design
1. Location
2. Alphabet
3. Time
4. Category
5. Hierarchy

Information Design
1. Location
2. Alphabet
3. Time
4. Category
5. Hierarchy

Information Design
1. Location
2. Alphabet
3. Time
4. Category
5. Hierarchy

4. Environment Design
Environment Design
Always design a thing by considering it in its next larger context

– a chair in a room, a room in a house, a house in an
environment, an environment in a city plan.
~ Eliel Saarinen

Environment Design
Environment design is the structuring of the environment to

permit or promote specific patterns of behavior.
Source: U.S. National Library of Medicine

Environment Design
• Architecture • Movies
• Landscaping • Simulations
• Interior design • Games
• Signage • Software
• Urban planning • Websites

Environment Design
Environmental design is a new approach in planning consumer products and

industrial processes that are ecologically intelligent, sustainable, and healthy for
both humans and our environment.
Source: Environmental Encyclopedia

School of Art, Design, & Media at the
Technical University of Singapore
5. User Experience
Design
User Experience Design
I invented the term because I thought

human interface and usability were too
narrow. I wanted to cover all aspects of the
person’s experience with the system
including industrial design, graphics, the
interface, the physical interaction, and the
manual. ~ Don Norman
Image courtesy Tesla Model X

“The first requirement for an exemplary user experience

is to meet the exact needs of the customer, without fuss
or bother. Next comes simplicity and elegance that
produce products that are a joy to own, a joy to use.”
— Donald Norman

6. Experience
Design
Experience Design
You can design and create and build the most wonderful place
in the world. But it takes people to make the dream a reality.
~ Walt Disney

Experience Design
Experience design is a
methodology to make
people’s interactions
with complex systems
more pleasant.

Design is not just what it looks
like and feels like. Design is how
it works
― Steve Jobs
Metodologías de HCD 1
Metodologías HCD - 2
“Designers may be the true intellectuals of the future.

― Paola Antonelli
Overview
• How do we Design?
• Design Pioneers & Thinkers
• Design Methodologies Good design is good business.
1. Technology-Centered Design ~ Thomas Watson Jr.
2. Designer-Centered Design
3. User-Centered Design
4. Human-Centered Design
5. Universal Design
Repaso … ¿Qué es Diseño?
Verbo: • Sustantivo:
• Hacer o dibujar planes • Dibujo(s) que muestra(n) cómo se

para algo hace, funciona y se ve un inmueble o
• Tener la intención de producto
obtener un resultado • El arte de hacer esquemas o bocetos
de algo
• Un patrón utilizado para decorar algo
¿Recuerdan esta definición?
• Design = iterative STE(A)M decision-making

process (to convert resources optimally to
meet a stated objective)
Adapted from: Accreditation Board for Engineering and

Technology, Inc.

What is Design?
"Design is the process of taking something from its

existing state and moving it to a preferred state".
Source: Herbert Simon. "The Sciences of the Artificial."
The word ‘design’ should be a very important word

because it covers all aspects of putting things
together to achieve an effect.
~ Edward de Bono

Pioneers & Big Thinkers of Modern Design
Bill Moggridge Jakob Nielsen Tim Brown Don Norman

HCD Pioneer User Advocate Design Thinker Author & Thought Leader

1. Technology-Centered
Design
From means to purpose
Desde el cómo o el medio hacia el propósito u objetivo
Technology-Centered Design
• Technology-centered design is a process in which the

designers or their clients make design decisions which
are imposed on the intended users.
Source: Krippendorff, K. (2006). The semantic turn: A new foundation for design.
Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group.

• Technology-centered design is a process in which the

designers or their clients make design decisions which
are imposed on the intended users.
Source: Krippendorff, K. (2006). The semantic turn: A new foundation for design.
Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group.

• Technology-centered design is an approach which

places focus on the capabilities of the technology and
not necessarily on the capabilities of the learner.
Source: Mayer, R. E. (2005). Introduction to multimedia learning. In R.E. Mayer (Ed.), The
Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Source: Kjeldskov, J., & Howard, S. (2004).

Envisioning mobile information services: Combining
user-and technology-centered design. In Asia-
Pacific Conference on Computer Human Interaction
(pp. 180- 190). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

• Technology-centered design starts with the technology and delays

gathering and documenting of requirements until later, if at all.
• Starting with the technology itself will result in longer-term
challenges and, potentially, failure from a lack of user adoption.
Source: Carr, J. (2011). Case study: Developing a SharePoint 2010 strategy. . . or how
setting it up and "getting it out there" is not a strategy. Bulletin of the American Society for
Information Science and Technology (Online), 37(2), 26-28.

2. Designer-Centered
Design
Designer-Centered Design
Source: Taffe, 2015

Designer-Centered Design
• Designer-Centered Design
• Co-Design
• Participatory Design

3. User-Centered
Design
User-Centered Design
User-centered design is an approach to designing and

developing software or products where a professional
team focuses on user needs in an iterative fashion
throughout the product life cycle.
Source: Norman, D. A., & Draper, S. W. (1986). User centered system

design: New perspectives on human-computer interaction. CRC Press.

User-Centered Design (UCD) is the process of designing a tool, such as a website’s
or application’s user interface, from the perspective of how it will be understood
and used by a human user. Rather than requiring users to adapt their attitudes and
behaviors in order to learn and use a system, a system can be designed to support
its intended users’ existing beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors as they relate to the
tasks that the system is being designed to support. The result of employing UCD to
a system design is a product that offers a more efficient, satisfying, and user-friendly
experience for the user, which is likely to increase sales and customer loyalty.
Source: https://www.usabilityfirst.com/about-usability/introduction-to-user-centered-design/

User-centered design (UCD) is an iterative design process in which

designers focus on the users and their needs in each phase of the
design process.
Source: Interaction Design Foundation

interaction-design.org © Cárdenas, Christofher
Source: Taffe, 2015

• Affordances
• Signifiers
• Mapping
• Feedback Fundamental principles of
interaction with objects
• Conceptual Models
• Affordances: What can happen
• Signifiers: where it can happen
• Mapping: how to control to get the desired outcome
• Feedback: communicated results of an action
• Conceptual Models: guides user expectations
User-Centered Design – Affordances & Signifiers

User-Centered Design – Affordances & Signifiers
Hybrid of UCD and TCD
Metodologías de HCD 2 Source: Kjeldskov and Howard, 2004 © Cárdenas, Christofher

4. Human-Centered
Design
From purpose to means
Desde el propósito u objetivo a los medios y el cómo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2O5qKZlI50 © Cárdenas, Christofher
Human-Centered Design
Human-centred design is an approach to interactive systems

development that aims to make systems usable and useful by focusing
on the users, their needs and requirements, and by applying human
factors, ergonomics, and usability knowledge and techniques.
Source: DIS, I. (2009). 9241-210: 2010. Ergonomics of human system interaction-Part 210: Human-centred
design for interactive systems. International Standardization Organization (ISO). Switzerland.

Human-Centered Design (HCD) is an approach to creating

solutions for problems and opportunities through a focus on the
needs, contexts, behaviors, and emotions of the people that the
solutions will serve.
Source: Madpow (2019). What is Human-Centered Design?

Human-Centered Design Principles
• Great design is based on observed, human needs (human centricity)
• Great design comes from understanding people’s behaviors, thoughts

(cognitive empathy) and emotions (emotional empathy)
• Good design decisions require multiple possibilities to choose from
• Great design comes from a desire to create real outcomes
• Great design is iterative

Source: Madpow (2019). What is Human-Centered Design?

Human-Centered Design Characteristics
• The adoption of multidisciplinary skills and perspectives
• Explicit understanding of users, tasks and environments
• User-centred evaluation driven/refined design
• Consideration of the whole user experience
• Involvement of users throughout design and development
• Iterative process
Source: Giacomin, J. (2014). What Is Human Centred Design? The Design Journal 17(4), 606-623.

Human-Centered Design Characteristics
• Early focus upon characteristics and needs of intended user population
• Users as part of design team
• Empirical and experimental measurement
• Iterative practices
Source: Carr, J. (2011). Case study: Developing a SharePoint 2010 strategy... or how setting it up and "getting it out
there" is not a strategy. Bulletin of the American Society for Info Science and Technology (Online), 37(2), 26-28.

Design Thinking – An HCD Approach
Design thinking is a methodology for creative problem solving
Source: Institute of Design at Stanford, 2010


Source: Ordoñez, 2017

5. Universal Design
Universal Design
Universal design is a design paradigm focused on producing

products usable for everyone, no matter age group, disabilities and
other potential problems.
Source: Demirbilek, O., Demirkan, H., 2004, Universal product design involving elderly users: a
participatory design model. Applied Ergonomics 35 (2004), pp. 361–370.

Universal Design
1. Equitable Use
2. Flexibility in Use
3. Simple and Intuitive Use
4. Perceptible Information
5. Tolerance for Error
6. Low Physical Effort
7. Size and Space for Approach and Use
Source: Centre for Excellence in Universal Design, 2019

Designers ignore the human element of
the system at their peril.
― Judith Orasanu and Michael Shafto
Metodologías de HCD 2
Introducción a
If the problem affects you. You must solve it. Complaining is not Productive.
― Vineet Raj Kapoor
Diciembre, 2019
Referencias bibliográficas
• No habrá un libro específico de referencia

• Exploraremos HCD a través de artículos, ejemplos,
ejercicios y lecturas complementarias.
• Fuentes principales:
• Visualization, Analysis & Design – Tamara Munzner
• Artículos científicos relacionados
Introducción © Cárdenas, Christofher

Actividades Sugeridas
Análisis y discusión de artículos científicos, papers, etc.
Plenarias de aspectos específicos de HCD
Presentación y Análisis de Casos/Mini proyectos/Talleres
Exámenes escritos
Implementacion de Proyecto(s) aplicando HCD

• Propuesta y presentación de las 3 mejores ideas
• OnePager de la idea seleccionada
• Reporte intermedio (Midway Report)
• Entrega final
Proyecto Final (Entregables) - Semestral
•Reporte Final en formato de artículo científico (paper)
•Presentación - Pitch
•Evaluación escrita
Evaluación del Curso
Actividad Porcentaje
Parciales (2-3) 30 %
Asignaciones (tareas, talleres, trabajo en clase, prácticas, foros, 30 %
exposiciones, casos de estudio)
Portafolio 5%
Proyecto Final – Examen Semestral 35 %
Participaciones y quices (porcentage adicional) %

• 30% de la nota final
Participación • Antes de la clase: leer el capítulo o

lectura asignada y redactar
Asignaciones y preguntas/comentarios.
participación en clase
• Durante la clase: se presentarán aspectos
generales, luego discusión y realización
de ejercicios/dinámicas.
• Asegúrense de asistir a clase y enviar las
preguntas por el medio especificado por
el profesor.
Preguntas – Comentarios
• El propósito es demostrar que se ha hecho la la OJO:
lectura en cuestión y que se ha reflexionado al • Preguntar algo que podría googlearse fácilmente
respecto, así como facilitar el análisis en clase.
no es una buena pregunta.
• Debe entregarse antes de la medianoche del día
• Expresar sus sentimientos al respecto no es un
anterior a la clase. (ej. Miércoles 11:59PM)
buen comentario ("me gustó el artículo").
• Las preguntas/comentarios deben ser sobre • Sea claro: espero que la gramática y la ortografía
aspectos de la lectura que podrían hacerse
sean correctas.
mejor, son confusos, tienen limitaciones, etc.
• Sea conciso.
Expectativas del Profesor
• Asistan a clase
• No todo el material estará en las diapositivas o en los libros.
• Leer los artículos o lecturas asignadas
• Estas lecturas les ayudarán a comprender mejor los temas y qué se ha
hecho/está haciendo actualmente.
• Pregunten
• Pidan ayuda cuando lo requieran

Código de Honor
"El cadete no mentirá, engañará, robará ni tolerará a quienes lo hagan"
Reference: West Point - USMA

Objetivos Generales Propuestos - HCD
• Comprender los procesos clave que sustentan el HCD y cómo se diferencian de otros
enfoques de diseño,
• Construir diseños centrados en las personas para aplicaciones convencionales,
• Aplicar un análisis crítico a los actuales trabajos de investigación sobre el diseño centrado
en el ser humano para identificar sus puntos fuertes y débiles,
• Comprender las metodologías de prueba y evaluación para el diseño centrado en el ser
humano,
• Criticar los enfoques para resolver los problemas de diseño de la investigación actual,
• Explicar los beneficios del diseño centrado en el ser humano,
• Comprender cómo llevar a cabo con éxito la investigación de diseño centrado en el ser
humano.
Ref. Contenido del Curso – Thomas Eskridge
Florida Tech

Objetivos Generales Propuestos – Design Thinking
• Adquirir conocimientos y experiencia práctica de los métodos de design thinking.

• Comprender los principios clave del design thinking.
• Comprender los beneficios comparativos de las diferentes metodologías del
design thinking utilizadas en productos, servicios y experiencias específicas.
• Aplicar las prácticas de diseño y la heurística para generar de forma coherente
soluciones creativas a problemas complejos utilizando los comentarios de los
usuarios sobre los prototipos y los diseños preliminares.
• Demostrar la aplicación efectiva de los principios de pensamiento de diseño a los
problemas en dominios complejos.
Ref. Contenido del Curso – Thomas Eskridge

Florida Tech

Temas Propuestos a Desarrollar
• Introducción a HCD
• Metodologías de Diseño HCD
• Introducción a Design Thinking
• Metodologías aplicadas al DT
• Visualización de Información
• What
• Why
• How
• Temáticas complementarias
• Metodologías de Investigación Aplicadas
• Modelado, Simulación, Usabilidad
• Aspectos legales y éticos en el HCD

Tres maneras en las que el diseño genera felicidad
TED.com/speakers/don_norman

Translation Support
https://www.deepl.com/es/translator

“The need to be
right all the time is
the biggest bar
there is to new
ideas.”
― Edward deBono
¿Qué es
Human-Centered Design?
“We must design for the way people behave,

not for how we would wish them to behave.”
― Donald A. Norman
Chicago IL, 2019
¿Qué es Human-Centered Design?
Definición de HCD 1
• ISO 9241-210 ‘Ergonomics of human-centered system interaction’ ‘approach to

systems design and development that aims to make interactive systems more
usable by focusing on the use of the system and applying human
factors/ergonomics and usability knowledge and techniques’
• ISO 9241-210 "Ergonomía de la interacción de los sistemas centrados en el ser
humano" "enfoque del diseño y el desarrollo de sistemas que tiene como objetivo
hacer que los sistemas interactivos puedan utilizarse mejor centrándose en el
uso del sistema y aplicando conocimientos y técnicas de factores
humanos/ergonomía y usabilidad".
159, T. (2010). Ergonomics of human–system interaction
¿Qué es HCD? © Cárdenas, Christofher

Definición de HCD 2
• “Human-centered design (HCD) is an approach to creating

solutions for problems and opportunities through a focus on the
needs, contexts, behaviors, and emotions of the people that the
solutions will serve”
• "El diseño centrado en el ser humano (DCH) es un enfoque para
crear soluciones a problemas y oportunidades a través de un
enfoque en las necesidades, contextos, comportamientos y
emociones de las personas a las que las soluciones servirán"
Madpow (2019). What is Human-Centered Design?

Design
What’s the right What’s the right to

problem to solve? solve it?
Both, T. (2018). Human-Centered, Systems-Minded Design

Design
Problem-finding Problem-solving

Design

Design

Design

Design

HMW: How might we… (Cómo podríamos…)
http://crowdresearch.stanford.edu/w/img_auth.php/f/ff/How_might_we.pdf

HMW: How might we… (Cómo podríamos…)
http://crowdresearch.stanford.edu/w/img_auth.php/f/ff/How_might_we.pdf

Design

Discover the right problem to solve
Descubrir el problema apropiado a solucionar
problem-finding & problem-solving
búsqueda y resolución de problemas
Características de HCD
• The adoption of multidisciplinary skills and perspectives

• Explicit understanding of users, tasks and environments
• User-centred evaluation driven/refined design
• Consideration of the whole user experience
• Involvement of users throughout design and development
• Iterative process.
What is HCD – Giacomin, 2014

Características de un buen HCD
• Increases performance of operator

• Decreases cognitive load of operator
• Does this by
• Structuring operator view of domain
• Exploiting biological properties of operator
• Making the “right” behavior obvious
• Making the “wrong” behavior difficult

“We interrogate the
world by making.”
― Bill Burnett
Ejemplos e Intuiciones en
“We must design for the way people behave,

not for how we would wish them to behave.”
― Donald A. Norman
Las oportunidades no ocurren,
las creas tú.
– Chris Grosser
Tips
• Leer más de una vez el artículo (ojalá • Redacte las preguntas con el
en momentos diferentes) Esto brinda contexto adecuado para
una nueva perspectiva respecto a la comprender el enfoque de
primera lectura. pensamiento y análisis que ayude a
• Resaltar aspectos clave del artículo, comprender la pregunta.
ideas principales o similar.
• Lea posteriormente su pregunta
• Investigue, busque otras referencias o objetivamente y cuestiónese si en
puntos de vista de otros artículos realidad es una pregunta relevante
relacionados o expanda el y relacionada a las ideas claves del
conocimiento con las referencias del
artículo.
artículo en cuestión.
Ejemplos e Intuiciones
Cómo razonan las personas
How people reason
¿Cómo se pueden aprovechar las capacidades de razonamiento

humano para aumentar el rendimiento de los usuarios?
Ejemplo – Data Quality Management
Enfoque Inicial
Ejemplos e Intuiciones en HCD © Cárdenas, Christofher

Carga Cognitiva en el Usuario
• Tener que comparar todos los campos

incluyendo los que son iguales.
• Comprender el flujo correcto y qué sucede
si se combinan registros (o cómo hacerlo?)
• Comprender o resaltar las diferencias entre
los registros
• Mantener un historial de cambios (este
registro fue combinado o separado ya?)

Data Quality Management – Un mejor enfoque
• Listar los registros en una sola pantalla e indicar la acción a realizar resaltado el registro
seleccionado.

Data Quality Management – Resultado final
• Resaltar las diferencias concretas

a validar
• Permitir editar algún otro campo
que pueda tener error.
• Marcar como no duplicado o
guardar para verificar más
adelante.
• Ver la información de un solo
registro a la vez.

Cómo perciben las personas
How people perceive
¿Cómo se puede aprovechar la percepción humana para

aumentar el rendimiento de los usuarios?
Ejemplo - Aircraft Location and Orientation
• Visualmente atractivo
• Permite el mapeo directo de
objetos reales
• Pistas de aterrizaje / objetivos
• Otros aviones
• Meteorología
• También muestra: hora, rumbo
altitud, inclinación, desviación y
traslación.
• Mapa matemáticamente riguroso
Thomas Eskridge – Florida Tech
Starfield Metaphor
• Curva de arrastre
• Propulsión
• Velocidad de vuelo
• Puntos de diseño (Vs, Vx, Vy y Vne)
• Velocidad vertical
• Velocidad de giro estándar
Potencia
• Relacionar los requisitos de potencia con la velocidad de vuelo y la capacidad de rendimiento

proporciona a los pilotos una sensación mucho más intuitiva de lo que pueden hacer con la aeronave.
• Los pilotos tienen una sensación mucho más intuitiva de lo que se puede hacer con la aeronave.

Marco Panorámico
• El marco panorámico muestra el objetivo y la visualización del sensor a bordo de la aeronave

• Resuelve el problema de orientar el sensor hacia un punto de latitud/longitud

Wizard of Oz en acción

Principles of Performative Systems
1. Present a normative model 1. Presentar un modelo normativo
2. Exploit Psychobiology 2. Aprovechar la psicobiología
3. Use a common frame of reference 3. Utilizar un marco de referencia común
4. Show what the data mean 4. Mostrar el significado de los datos
5. Separate degrees of freedom 5. Separar los grados de libertad
6. Relate through motion and 6. Relacionar mediante el movimiento y la
convergence convergencia
7. Minimize number of elements, 7. Minimizar el número de elementos,
maximize utility maximizar la utilidad
8. Distribute details 8. Distribuir los detalles
Qué valoran las personas
What people value
¿Cómo podemos aprovechar lo que la gente valora como parte de

nuestro proceso de diseño?
Teleoperating Mobile Robots
• ¿Dónde están las zonas abiertas?

• ¿Puedo pasar por un espacio
abierto?
• ¿Estoy alineado para pasar por
una espacio abierto?
• ¿Estoy lo suficientemente libre
para poder maniobrar?

Ambient Obstacle Avoidance (AOA)

Testing AOA

Reference – AOA

Lo que la gente es
What people are
¿Cómo podemos aprovechar lo que son las personas para

mejorar la experiencia de los usuarios
la salud, la seguridad y el desempeño?
Affective Biofeedback
Visualización exploratoria de bioseñales humanas para

descubrir patrones de estado del usuario
Affective Biofeedback – User State Estimation
(Csíkszentmihályi et al, 2005)

HuCenBio - Mobile App

Conductividad & Ritmo Cardíaco → Emociones
(Tóth, 2015)

Temperatura Corporal → Emociones
(Nummenmaa, 2014)

Expresiones Faciales → Emociones
(Nummenmaa, 2013)
Electroencefalografía → Emociones
(Demos, 2005)
Referencias
• Csikszentmihalyi, M., Abuhamdeh, S., Nakamura, J. E., Andrew, J., & Dweck, C.
S. (2005).
• Handbook of competence and motivation (pp. 598–608). New York, NY: Guilford
Publications.
• Demos, J. N. (2005). Getting started with neurofeedback. WW Norton &
Company.
• Nummenmaa, L., Glerean, E., Hari, R., & Hietanen, J. K. (2014). Bodily maps of
emotions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(2), 646-651.
• Tóth, V. (2015). Measurement of Stress Intensity Using EEG. Computer Science
• Engineering B.Sc. thesis, Budapest University of Technology and Economics,
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics.

Human-Centered Design – David Kelley (Quiz 2)
TED.com/speakers/david_kelley

Design can be art.
Design can be aesthetics.
Design is so simple, that’s why it
is so complicated.
― Paul Rand
Ejemplos e Intuiciones en HCD

Proyectos - HCD
Trabajo Semestral
Human-Centered Design Thinking Information

Design Visualization
Empathy
Proyecto Semestral
• El objetivo del proyecto semestral es utilizar el diseño

centrado en las personas para producir una interfaz, un
dispositivo u otra solución a un problema o necesidad.
• Los proyectos pueden
• Estar relacionados con su tesis o trabajo de graduación
(incluso puede ser el inicio de su trabajo de graduación)
• Aprovechar un hardware o un software existente
• Aplicaciones móviles
• Dispositivos físicos
Proyecto Semestral © Cárdenas, Christofher
Propuesta de Proyecto
• Generar 3 ideas de proyectos
• En una presentación (PowerPoint, Genially, Canva, etc), agregue cada

idea e incluya:
• El nombre del posible proyecto.
• Una descripción corta que explique el objetivo general y qué hará el proyecto
en beneficio de los usuarios.
• Una descripción de cómo involucrarán a los usuarios humanos en el proyecto.

Posibles temáticas de Proyectos
El rango de la temática del proyecto semestral es abierto, algunas ideas a continuación.
qServicios de atención médica: Desarrollo de una aplicación móvil que proporcione una experiencia de
atención médica más personalizada y fácil de usar para pacientes y médicos. Esto puede incluir
características como recordatorios de citas, seguimiento de la salud, acceso a la información del
paciente, etc.
qDiseño de productos electrónicos: Desarrollo de un dispositivo electrónico para personas mayores que
sea fácil de usar y esté diseñado para satisfacer sus necesidades y capacidades físicas. Esto podría
incluir la simplificación de interfaces, el uso de botones grandes, la inclusión de asistentes de voz, etc.
qDiseño de experiencias educativas: Desarrollo de un programa de aprendizaje en línea que esté
diseñado para ayudar a los estudiantes a aprender de manera más efectiva y personalizada. Esto puede
incluir el uso de técnicas de gamificación, seguimiento del progreso del estudiante, y la inclusión de
diferentes formas de contenido para adaptarse a diferentes estilos de aprendizaje.

qDiseño de productos alimenticios: Desarrollo de alimentos que sean más saludables y
nutritivos, y que sean más fáciles de preparar y consumir. Esto puede incluir la
simplificación de las instrucciones de preparación, el diseño de envases más
convenientes y la inclusión de ingredientes saludables.
qDiseño de servicios financieros: Desarrollo de una aplicación bancaria en línea que
esté diseñada para satisfacer las necesidades de los usuarios. Esto puede incluir
características como una interfaz de usuario fácil de usar, la inclusión de herramientas
de seguimiento de gastos, la opción de transferir dinero a amigos y familiares de
manera fácil, etc.

q Diseño de sistemas de transporte público: Desarrollo de un sistema de transporte público que utilice tecnologías innovadoras y
de aprendizaje automático para proporcionar a los pasajeros una experiencia de viaje más eficiente y segura. Esto podría incluir
la implementación de sistemas de transporte autónomos, la optimización de rutas de autobuses y trenes, y la inclusión de
tecnologías de seguridad cibernética para proteger los datos del usuario y evitar el fraude.
q Diseño de soluciones de energía renovable: Desarrollo de soluciones de energía renovable que utilicen tecnologías innovadoras
y de aprendizaje automático para mejorar la eficiencia y la sostenibilidad. Esto podría incluir la implementación de sistemas de
energía solar y eólica, la optimización del uso de energía a través de sensores y sistemas de automatización, y la inclusión de
tecnologías de seguridad cibernética para proteger los sistemas de energía contra ciberataques.
q Diseño de soluciones de seguridad pública: Desarrollo de soluciones de seguridad pública que utilicen tecnologías innovadoras
y de aprendizaje automático para mejorar la prevención y la resolución de delitos. Esto podría incluir la implementación de
sistemas de vigilancia y análisis de datos en tiempo real, la optimización de la asignación de recursos policiales a través de
sistemas de aprendizaje automático, y la inclusión de tecnologías de seguridad cibernética para proteger los datos de la policía y
los ciudadanos.

Cronograma de entregables
1. Propuesta y presentación de las 3 mejores ideas 1. Week 17 – 21 abril
2. OnePager de la idea seleccionada 2. Week 1 – 5 mayo

3. Reporte intermedio (Midway Report) 3. Week 29 mayo – 2 junio
4. Entrega final
4. Week 3 – 7 julio
a. Reporte Final en formato de artículo científico (paper)
b. Presentación - Pitch
c. Evaluación escrita
HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN OVERVIEW
WHAT IS HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN?

Human-centered design (HCD) is an approach to creating solutions for problems and
opportunities through a focus on the needs, contexts, behaviors, and emotions of the people
that the solutions will serve.
Through research, teams immerse themselves in the situations in which their creations will be
utilized and observe the thoughts, actions, and experiences of people within them. This builds
empathy – a deep understanding of how and why people behave as they do. From this, teams
generate potential solutions and select those that have the most value and best-fit people’s
lives. Through prototyping, evaluation, and iteration, solutions are then evolved and produced.
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Principles are beliefs that are used to form rules that guide how behave and decide what to do
in given situations. While there are many “design principles” there are 5 basic principles that
form the foundation for the human-centered design process:
1. Great design is based on observed, human need (human centricity).
In other words, in order to create effective solutions we have to see and understand
the challenges and opportunities that real people encounter in their lives.
2. Great design comes from understanding people’s behaviors, thoughts (cognitive

empathy) and emotions (emotional empathy).
In order to create solutions that fit into people’s lives we need to know about their
understandings and perceptions as they encounter related situations. Additionally,
because we know emotions play a significant role in behavior and decision-making, we
need to understand how people feel throughout and as a result of these situations.
3. To make good design decisions, we must first create possibilities to choose from.
When coming up with ideas, the first one you come up with won’t always be the best.
In fact it rarely is. To find effective, innovative solutions we need to create a large pool
of possible solutions that we can then examine and select from.
4. Great design comes from a desire to create real outcomes.

It isn’t enough to just create something that seems new and exciting or looks great.
Design is about achieving objectives. If solutions don’t achieve what they’re intended
to then they have not been well designed. Great design understands this and takes
into consideration how it will measure and monitor success.
5. Great design is iterative. It leverages continuous learning and never truly ends.
The design process doesn’t end. A solution, in any form, presents an opportunity to
learn more about those who use it, there experiences, and the challenges and
opportunities it addresses. These learning should then be used to further refine and
evolve the solution.
madpow.com 1
THE DIAMOND MODEL

The Diamond Model is an approach to decision
making that pairs two types of thinking, divergent
and convergent thinking, in order to allow
individuals and teams to make effective choices from
an expanded understanding of the challenge and
possible solutions.
These two thinking modes can be illustrated from

left to right as two triangles. In doing so, the illustration takes on the appearance of a diamond,
hence the name Diamond Model.
Divergent Thinking
During the divergent phase, individuals/teams work to collect as much information as possible
about the given prompt. In this phase any filtering or selectivity is minimized (if done at all) the
objective is to acquire as any insights or possibilities as can be.
Convergent Thinking
In the convergent phase, individuals and teams work towards decisions for their prompt by
examining the information gathered in the divergent phase and prioritizing, organizing and
eliminating information/options based on their objectives.
Emergent Thinking
The Diamond Model includes a third form of
thinking, emergent thinking, which occurs towards
the end of the divergent phase–after a variety of
insights/possibilities have been gathered–and into
the beginning of the convergent phase.
During this period, individuals/teams begin to

explore different ways to organize and examine
what they’ve gathered. This exploration may cause them to arrive at new insights or
possibilities that they can add to their collection (divergence), or it may cause them to merge
and combine insights (convergence).
Connection to Human-centered Design

What does the diamond model have to do with human-centered design? It turns out that, when
paired with the principles of human centered design, the diamond model provides an effective
structure for the human-centered design process.
madpow.com 2
THE HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN PROCESS

Overlaying the human-centered design principles onto the diamond model provides us with a
design process that can can be broken down into 5 phases.
Discover
Triggered by an initial insight, typically a problem to be solved or a perceived opportunity, the

Discover phase seeks to gather as much information about the initial insight. This discovery
focuses on learning as much as possible about the people related to the problem or
opportunity. Teams should work to gather both quantitative information (information about
what happens and how often) as well as qualitative information (information that describes
why things happen).
A simple way to do this is to ask people to tell stories of their experiences, specific or
generalized. From these stories, teams can explore:
• Who: who are the various “actors” or people involved, as well as any systems or other
actor-like influencers that take in information and perform some kind of action based
on it.
• What: what do they do? What actions do they take or decisions too they make?
• When: when do these actions/decisions happen? What triggers them?
• Where: where do these things take place?
madpow.com 3
• Why: what leads people to make the decisions or take the actions they do? How are
they processing information? How are emotions affecting things? What goals or
objectives do they have?
• How: how do they go about taking their actions? what tools do they use?
In addition to understanding the people involved, teams should also gather information about
the systems and tools that are currently related to the topic their exploring. These may be
solutions or products people are currently using, processes they use, etc.
Example Tools & Techniques

• Ethnographic Studies & Contextual Observations
• Interviews
• Focus Groups
• Surveys
• Diary Studies
• Participatory Design Activities
• Data Mining
Synthesize
With a wide variety of information gathered, now it comes time for the team not just to make
sense of it but to also determine how to use what they learn from it, what aspects of the topic
will be focused on, which aspects are most important, which aren’t?
Through this sense making of the information gathered during discovery teams develop
empathy, an understanding of how and why people think, feel and behave, for those they are
designing for. Teams compare, contrast and organize their information into groupings and
models that reflect what they’ve come to believe about the topic they’re exploring, the people
involved who will be affected by whatever solutions they come up with, the opportunities to
solve challenges and provide value, etc.
Additionally, the teams begin to define the characteristics, requirements and objectives for
their solution(s); the foundation for a vision of the future their solutions will give rise to for
users. These elements will help guide the team as they generate and select ideas as well as be
used to determine whether their creations are effective.
madpow.com 4

• Affinity Diagrams
• Process Modeling
• Journey Maps
• Principles & Goals
• Personas
Generate
Using the empathy, understanding, and vision found in the synthesize phase, teams now move
on to generating a pool of potential solutions for the challenges and opportunities they’re
looking to address. Emphasis here is placed on quantity over quality as teams aim to create a
diverse set of possibilities in order to maximize their potential for finding the most effective,
solutions.
Brainstorm-based activities and combined with quick, low fidelity communication and
exploration methods like sketching and visual thinking push teams to delve into different
aspects of challenges and uncover, combine, and recombine ideas to expand their possibilities.

• Sketching
• Affinity Diagrams
• Brainstorming & Design Studio Activities
• Critique
Refine
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Stepping back from the ideas generated in the previous phase, teams can now examine what
they’ve come up with and begin to make decisions and further explore, develop and refine
selected solutions. Looking back to the understanding and vision developed through discovery
and synthesis, the team can critique ideas to determine which they feel present the most value
or will be the most effective in achieving their objectives and then work to further define those
ideas though prototyping.
Prototypes can then be used to provide initial observations for how people will make use of and
experience the solutions. This information can then be further used to refine and recombine
ideas until the final solutions begin to emerge.

• Prototyping
• Usability & Desirability Studies
• Critique
Evaluate & Iterate
Once some form of solution has been created it is deployed for people to use. This might be
and initial pilot or beta version or something more fully developed. Regardless, this stage
embodies perhaps the most important principle of any effective design process: that it doesn’t
end. A solution, in any form, presents an opportunity to learn more about those who use it,
there experiences, and the challenges and opportunities it addresses.
madpow.com 6
As people use and interact with whatever solutions have been, steps should be taken by the
team to monitor their effect. This monitoring should be both qualitative and quantitative. The
information collected in this period is then fed back to initiate the design process again in order
to further iterate and evolve the solution(s).
madpow.com 7

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Metodologías HCD - 1

Ing. Christofher Cárdenas M.Sc. Tó p i c o s E s p e c i a l e s I I

“Designers may be the true intellectuals of the future.

• Hacer o dibujar planes • Dibujo(s) que muestra(n) cómo se

Design is the identification of a problem and

Engineering design is the process of devising a system,

"Design is the process of taking something from its

The word ‘design’ should be a very important word

Metodologías de HCD 1 © Cárdenas, Christofher

Henry Dreyfuss Edward de Bono Walt Disney Steve Jobs

Metodologías de HCD 1 © Cárdenas, Christofher

• Engineering design = devising a system, component, or

• Engineering design = iterative STEM decision-making process

Ref. Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.

Metodologías de HCD 1 © Cárdenas, Christofher

Metodologías de HCD 1 © Cárdenas, Christofher

• Descriptive Geometry in the 16th and 17th centuries

Metodologías de HCD 1 © Cárdenas, Christofher

Industrial design is a strategic problem-solving process that drives

Ref. World Design Organization

Industrial design is the professional service of

Ref. Industrial Designers Society of America

Industrial design focuses on products that

Metodologías de HCD 1 © Cárdenas, Christofher

Information design is the defining, planning,

Ref. International Institute for Information Design

Throwing 140,000 words on the ground doesn’t make it a

~ Richard Saul Wurman

Metodologías de HCD 1 © Cárdenas, Christofher

Metodologías de HCD 1 © Cárdenas, Christofher

Metodologías de HCD 1 © Cárdenas, Christofher

Metodologías de HCD 1 © Cárdenas, Christofher

Metodologías de HCD 1 © Cárdenas, Christofher

Metodologías de HCD 1 © Cárdenas, Christofher

Always design a thing by considering it in its next larger context

Metodologías de HCD 1 © Cárdenas, Christofher

Environment design is the structuring of the environment to

Metodologías de HCD 1 © Cárdenas, Christofher

• Interior design • Games

• Urban planning • Websites

Metodologías de HCD 1 © Cárdenas, Christofher

Environmental design is a new approach in planning consumer products and

Metodologías de HCD 1 © Cárdenas, Christofher

I invented the term because I thought

Image courtesy Tesla Model X

“The first requirement for an exemplary user experience

Metodologías de HCD 1 © Cárdenas, Christofher

Metodologías de HCD 1 © Cárdenas, Christofher

Metodologías de HCD 1 © Cárdenas, Christofher

“Designers may be the true intellectuals of the future.

• Hacer o dibujar planes • Dibujo(s) que muestra(n) cómo se

• Design = iterative STE(A)M decision-making

Adapted from: Accreditation Board for Engineering and

Metodologías de HCD 2 © Cárdenas, Christofher

"Design is the process of taking something from its

The word ‘design’ should be a very important word

Metodologías de HCD 2 © Cárdenas, Christofher

Bill Moggridge Jakob Nielsen Tim Brown Don Norman

Metodologías de HCD 2 © Cárdenas, Christofher

• Technology-centered design is a process in which the

Metodologías de HCD 2 © Cárdenas, Christofher

• Technology-centered design is a process in which the

Metodologías de HCD 2 © Cárdenas, Christofher