Short Note n Oy dinary Di ferentio

fquotoh

Tha-har t ant Itegzatian ormula acd in OD E See

L
sh07* hote of definite itegy odion.

0:D E: equatioh i CaUed 6Ydinar

diff exediol equotioh the equation
Jhvolve derivative of One oY moTe depehdeht
vayia ble
Ahequot.i.oh whch ehvolves
he 9Y mOYe depehdentvayiable ahd khor
hosr
derivate - y - n jn de
pe variable is coll ed-
ODE. 01
rderand deqzee af ditfazential squatis The order
6ta

differential ea,uation is the oYder ot he higheak

Ordey derivative involved jn o dutfferernial quaatoh

ae Oydey 0t a diHerentiol
Rqua h i3 poitive iteqer.
The tughest powey 6t a

Aighet 6Yder derivative hveJved h a diff eyetial

equatiCh s C a U e d C h e deqzee of he differeh-
tia l equatiCh
ti
derivod uve ae tyee
he
he di fereKtiolJ
Yadjca ahd rations.
ii h 0 D E J V e Yy deyivadive m ub e

poJy ho i Ol.
wTAh fakite degyee
 Date
Page:

There Ore
9rdhaY y
f differenial
u a i oh

iheay D 6: A diE eyent ial equ ation

9,aidto be uhe a
diffeyential q,uation if
(a) T heaxiheax hy
n(b:) / muut bicadi oh ofy u thy
(C9 NO hmultt b li cation of de vative, wn Eh4
d) Ne mu lt i plicatioh of dorivatives O
N otroncedent alfunddi oh of 3 dezivalves
e e xal iheay Diff sretial Equofioh A
nea
diff ayential quat lah of ordey h in he depehden
vaia bley Gnd dhe Jndepehder vayiable e
hat i ih,Y_Cah be exprened
Jh he for m

h(20) y= blal
d h-1 d

Wheye aoishot identicolly

Zey o
b () t o
hen t i 3 CouUed
hoh-_ho hogeheo u Jhe ar dsffer Chtiak quakion
b ) = o
Hhoh sCaled homo
qeneg nR aY t e r e n ta equatioh

Noh- Jihe a D.F A O DE ww ch i s hot

 Date
Pge

EamilLy CuTve Afamily ot cuVe

S - ( y) C,C2, C)o i 3
a hi y t Cu?Ve

For matioh f ah 0:Diferehtial Eq u otisn Ahn

ara meer
fa mily 0t uTvey is Ye prelnted by n h-h
OrdeY d ffere ntiol equatio
We Cah o btain C dferedu
Rquakton wi h a f a mily of CuYves b ydiffevedialin
he family of CUYVe and luhotihg
arbifOYY CohtOra.

So lutioh o Gn ODE Arelati oh btweeh dependerdt

variable and inde þende nt
vaxjable whuch stist ses h e 0: D E be cone
holukion ofHhak dilerential eq,uatoh
Soltion is pxiniiive because
hedEeenti aleq ucuteh Cah be deyivedfron is

h exe YetHhree yb o
olutiOn -

1eheral Soution he Oluti on which Coht aira

O n tonts 0, tha oydey 9 tho dferehti al uoioh

J
aled ho gehe r al s9 Juiion ot t h 0:E:
6-)
Paxiicuar s0ution So lutioh abfauned by
gvdhg a r k i culax
 value to the0bitraYycOt an(ohe Ox
moye)

Sihquuax Ssution S0ludion of Hhe de

whuch do e hot cgut alh
h Ybityay cOnstant but coh hot be dezived
9heYal3oluflah 1Ca ded i hgul ox

Ohp lete solution Gteney al Sol' Singuoy del

ird ox de firt deoxe e Ah equ odioh

of
hoforh
dy f(,) i CaUed fhe
da
Y oYdey t i r
deqee diffeYenttalequotion

Meheds fo find Solut ion 9f F:0E D

Va iable Seharabe
dy = at, )

d
d

dy 9 d
h)

Re ducible to Vardob)e searable: > h e D.E

 Date:
Pagc

f the 9Y
dy a+ by tc) Cah be
do

ye duced to vayiable 0xable {orin bu

aubati3uth9 +byt C_ V

Hoho 0 he o U Dife rential Equatioh A Andi

3 h etor m
A2,As)=af f ( , 9) J3Caled
homoge heou9 tundioh 9f de gree h wher hé Pin
d eo 7e ot h

o i th m' NOw d =

let y V V+ dv
d

Reblace this ih t_ond hen ikw

De Co me ype
To get in yelace y by l An ol".
Re du i b le o homo ge ne S DE Let

O br C1 Jhon if
d 02 + ba +C2

called educbJe t e hom o gehe ous duff e yehtil

equatioh f b
a 2 b

L h
N Yt a
dy dY
d d
 dy GXbiY aih+b1Ra C

0 X b2 a2h bak tC2

Now t O h t bi k+ C fihdh h&

d2h + b2 K t C 2 =o

heh

dy Q + biY
2 4 bay

New S vng thi 3 wuhg hethod

tiü) we qt

Y- ,I
Yepla (eY = -h
Hhen,
-ta f (-h, y-h)

his i seqw red so luioh

(V
Ead diff erentia t qugion. 1 F b e a fundioh
uchJhal has contihuo arial dexivative
Jh demain D
a
hon he total diffey enti al
dE oftho undtion E is defined
by Ho
toYmuU.a
P(,) F() d +F ()

Now Jet
M(9)d N ( )o
hen StJ3
Called h exod
 Date:
Page:

diferentiau a dom
aih D theye e i t
a fundion F e wo variabe auch tha
h i sexp xeiohequalbho t o t a ldi fevedisd
d F( y) V )ED e ah exaT
diffe endiol in D i there
functon
F,9 M() F)=N(%,)

()eD
T M (,) d + ( 9 ) dy j ah
e a d d i f e e r d ial then i a call ed
xad dife xehtial equatioh.

Hae o r 0ln M(y)dx N(9) dy =o

WheYe M and N have
COhtinu O us yt order bartial de ravaiive
at allbaind ) h 0 e dongulaydo mal

M N

Salutisn of an exact DE2

M(9)d t (g)dy o

Md Ndy aY bitra
Idegratew.Y Jhtegyate.only- oh

tye alihg hoe terma which OY

Jhdebe n de h from
Note Tf 3M+ N hen aCoU ed h0h-eya
duCfe y d idl e q u a i o . Lan
La
hte qyatih facor M( 9) dr+N( 9)dy 0
T M N h 0h-

Hh e preaioh r funcdon i3CaUed

TE we nultiply with i t s'h heh
oe
Com s ah exad di+feve f i a e AuUioh.-
e TfM TF f ( _
hon ,9) M(9) dx { ( 9) V (1) d y
Mdtidyzon o M

Ty he M (Nd+NO,9) dy0
M N

hn T M & Nare homo geheo

Eqndioh n M-3 t N:y + Heh

M N

Tye= M (y) d t N N) y
M

M
Jh eh
T
M4 N
 Date:
Page.

Type Mdt Ndy=

M

Ma M = N

M f()
N
hen
b) T N* My (
M

bLao Ha en MTF

Noic- We COhg et TEof heay Jh ond

une a y m (0) 0nd (6of
ype (a)

tiv
M( y] d t N(Y) dyo
Tyhe N hh eX OT
M

Let T F
hth
y Md y dy becOm

N we Coh paY
No M1
khis to get
w e f i nd ho
Ond ahd oftey that

A0Jut ioh of h exact d

 Date:

Poget
(V)
ybe' The quai.oh Mdt Nd ha
Ateg atihgfactox ) which
a uncton S,ely f aingleOTquntat
Ond Ond 0.nlyi
My-N fuhdi Gh of
Nt M:tyN
alo ne ay 4 ) h eh

EOY =x4 , My-N 3houJd b e a fundioh

N-M
aohe
2
Fo = My Nxn ah ould be gfund'ob
Mx of y al o he
F oY t= 4 2 My houl o be a
2( M-9)
fuhdish of
V
t 2 og he.
hearg A h Dh-Ria DE h0 intiitely man
CInteg.xating Fadox 9,).
(VI
Line ay DHferehtial e quotian
dy P(x)y S

uhe a dtf eehtiol equot i oh Jh

y
Itegrodhg Eadoy=lPeD dc|
 Date:
Prge

Hence Grehexal jukion- ad

YT TFG () d

do P () O9) hJiheaih a
dy
P dy
T.F

Hehce ehebal_2olutioh-

TF

V
Re ducih le to lineay D:E: (BeYhouli)

d P ( )Y ()

whereh+
e
L h 1

i dy P
y
V

dv
(-h) dy
d

whu ch i s
tPx) v G()|
June azh

ho h U v) o valu ate
duxe toxyedua ble to
Follow Ba me yoc
(VIT
hpedioh m ethed.> Som kimeb T coh_ be
fun by Jbedtion nethod
by aYY Oh gin ho ermb of h a 9 vehequodo
Gnd 3.utabe fundteh
dividoh9 bya
On d - Ome mortor exa
e y e n t tals ae-

d (D d y d

3
d

yd dgb
lsJag-9
d oq (H) d +9d

Ang( d - d

d dy+ d

2 2 de -
dy
y2

2ye d 2 Y 2 dy
 Date:
Page

yed - dy
y2
dy ydx

2
t dy- dx
g
2
- -Y

13
in(o4)
1 - u y2

14 d dy
An +42)
2

15
d ein 1 ihy d

rtho qohal Ya jectory

A Curve whuch
Cuts vey me mbex

9iveh famiy CuVes

ed a s
S m ladeiihhg CSh du iioh j c a l
r a edory f ths a v e h d h i l y Of
CUTVe
CUYve 2 b e0 h
3aud t o
A
t
Oxtho goha tra jectary of a giveh anst y
the
CuYues il i tcs Veyy nem bey of
0t 0 l J called
aily
a9 h blque fra4ector

eterhi notto h o DiE eq uatiGh Ygm0t i l

CuTVe)
 wCo dex hofamudy 4,4) o a
being 0hy C O t o n t

0 Dbtain dh 0de e
dtfer entiate e G l y of CuveOr
eunih ate .by gh yel atioh

Me thoda o Y valuati oh 0ían 0:7.

Carteiah or n' btain ha 0E: by

eli i h atih g
pG am etey

Re hlace with
d
3
Solve h i s ODE
toobt ah OT
PolaY or m'. Diff erentiade the tanuJy
t CUYve w O

E mnate 0Y bitra7y p0Tamter.

Replacce b - -2do LdY
do -Y
4
Now htegr ate to btaj the 0:T:
Self O thogohalra
lyajedory' ea ch membeY
each member
9veh fohusly
Gt CUYVR jterseca all
othey Ortho goh ly-
thoh Lho
9iven ly of Curve is
3elf0YthoqOn a