Session 50

1. I section Girder
When heavy girder is supported at its end it bends under its own weight. It bends under its
own weight.
Mg L 3
The depression at its center is given by Y=
4   Yb d 3
1 1
yα , yα L3 , yα , y α 1/d3
y b

Where Y is young’s modulus of the materials L length of the girder, b breadth and d depth.
Due to depression the upper parts of the beam above the neutral surface contract while those
below expand, hence stress is maximum on the lower or upper surface of the girders therefore
the upper and the lower surfaces of the beam must be stronger than the intervening part. The
two surfaces of a girder are made much broader than the rest of it, which gives its cross
sectional shape of letter I. in this manner, materials will be saved within appreciably imparting
its strength. This is we have seen in railway track.

1.Find the work done in stretching a wire of 1 sq. mm cross section and 2 m long through 0.1
mm.Given Y = 2 X 1011N/m2.

Sol: As we know

Here, Y = 2 X 1011 N/m2 L = 2 m.

l = 0.1 mm = 10-4 m
a = 1 sq.mm = 10-6 m2
1
Work done in stretching a wire = × Stretching force × stretches
2
1
= × F×l
2
1 Yal
= × ×l
2 L

1 2 × 1011 × 10–6 × 10–6 × 10–4

∴ Work done =
= 5 × 10–4 j
2
j
2
Sem1: Mechanics and properties of matter Elasticity

1.2.Calculate the twisting couple on a solid shaft of length 1.5 m and diameter 120 mm
when it is twisted through an angle 0.6o. The coefficient of rigidity for the material of the
shaft may be taken to be 93 x 109N/ m2

Sol: given: l= 1.5 m d=0.12m r=0.06m n  =93 x 109N/ m2

π n r 4
C=
2l
3.142 X 93 X 10 9 X 0.06 X 0.06 X 0.06 X 0.06
= ∴ C = 1.322 × 104 N
2 X 1.5

1.3.A brass bar 1 cm square in cross section is supported on two knife edge 100 cm apart.
A load of 1 kg at the center of the bar depresses that point by 2.51 mm. What is Young’s
modulus for brass?

Sol: given: b= 1 cm L= 100 cm M=1Kg y= 2.51 mm=0.251cm

4 Mg L3
y=
Yb d 3
4 X 1000 X 980 X 100 X 100 X 100
=
0.251 X 1 X 1

=9.77dynes/cm2

1.4. The modulus of rigidity and Poisson’s ratio of the material of a wire are2.87 x 1010 N/
m2and 0.379 respectively. Find the value of Young’s modulus of the material of the wire.

Sol: Given: η=2.87 x 1010 N/ m2 σ= 0.379

Y = 2η (1 + σ)

=2x2.87 x 1010 (1+0.379)

Ans= Y = 7.915 x 1010 N/m2